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<title>Center for Strategic Decision Research, Peter Struck, Michele Alliot-Marie, General George Joulwan, SACEUR, General James L. Jones, SHAPE, NATO, EU, BDLI, ILA, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Under Secretary Michael Wynne, Assistant Secretary Linton Wells, Ambassador William Burns, NATO Military Committee Chairman General Harald Kujat, General Dynamics, Boeing, Global Security Terrorism, Iraq, Afghanistan, Rainer Hertrich, David Stafford</title>
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<td width="66" ><p><img src="../2004book/logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td width="652"><div align="center" class="style5">20th International Workshop on Global Security - Moscow, 27-30 June 2003<br>
"Toward Global Security: New Strategies, Technologies, and Alliances"</div></td>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><a href="joulwan.htm">Fmr SACEUR General George Joulwan </a><span class="style217"><strong></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="weissingerbaylon.htm">Workshop Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon </a></strong></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Pa</strong><strong>rt 1 </strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style217"><strong><a href="fursenko.htm">Russian First Deputy Industry, Science, Tech Minister Andrey Fursenko</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="vershbow.htm">US Ambassador to Russia Alexander Vershbow</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="lukin.htm">Russian Duma Deputy Speaker Vladimir Lukin </a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="yavlinsky.htm">Russian Duma Member Grigory Yavlinsky</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><a href="velikhov.htm">Kurchatov Institute Director Evgeny Velikhov </a><a href="pickering.htm">Fmr US Ambassador to Russia Thomas Pickering</a><a href="portillo.htm">UK House of Commons Member Michael Portillo</a><a href="deruyt.htm">Belgian Ambassador to UN Jean de Ruyt</a><a href="vonploetz.htm">German Ambassador to Russia Hans-Friedrich von Ploetz </a><a href="wolsztynski.htm">French Air Force Chief of Staff General Richard Wolsztynski</a><a href="sedivy.htm">Fmr Czech Chief of Staff General Jiri Sedivy </a><a href="mehta.htm">Indian Armed Forces General Ashok Mehta</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="george.htm">UK House of Commons Member Bruce George</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="nurick.htm">Carnegie Moscow Center Director Robert Nurick</a><a href="ranquet.htm"> French Defense Ministry Dep Director Strat Affairs General Robert Ranquet</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 2 </strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style217"><span class="style222"><a href="fasslabend.htm">Fmr Austrian Defense Min Werner Fasslabend</a></span></span><span class="style217"><span class="style222"><a href="rogov.htm">Russian Acad of Sciences USA Canada Institute Director Serguey Rogov</a><a href="baranovsky.htm"> Russian Acad of Sciences IMEMO Deputy Director Vladimir Baranovsky</a><a href="piontkovskiy.htm">Strat Studies Ctr Director Andrey Piontkovskiy</a></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="onyszkiewicz.htm">Fmr Polish Defense Min Janusz Onyszkiewicz </a><a href="welti.htm"> Swiss Defense Ministry Security Policy Director Amb Philippe Welti</a><a href="pascu.htm">Romanian Defense Minister Ioan Pascu </a><a href="chandra.htm">Indian Dep Natl Security Advisor Satish Chandra</a><a href="marschan.htm">Finnish Defense Ministry Special Counselor Nikolai Marschan</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 3 </strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="volkman.htm">US Defense Dept Dir for Intl Coop Alfred Volkman</a><a href="dipaola.htm">Italian Sec Gen Defense Adm Giampaolo di Paola </a></span><span class="style209"><span class="style197"><a href="schuwirth.htm">EU Mil Staff Director General Rainer Schuwirth </a></span><span #invalid_attr_id="10px 0px 0px 10px"><span class="style197"><a href="naumann.htm">Fmr German Defense Chief Gen Klaus Naumann </a></span></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="cosentino.htm">Alenia Sr Vice President Carmelo Cosentino</a><a href="trice.htm">Lockheed Martin Sr Vice President Robert Trice </a><a href="ray.htm">Raytheon Europe President Norman Ray</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="dyson.htm">EDventure Chairman Esther Dyson</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="kravchenko.htm">Boeing Russia/CIS Pres Sergey Kravchenko</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="karachinsky.htm">IBS Group President Anatoly Karachinsky</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="doughty.htm">Motorola Vice President John Doughty</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="galitsky.htm">ELVIS+ Founder and CEO Alexander Galitsky</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="lentz.htm">US Assist Sec Defense Office Director of Info Assurance Robert Lentz</a> </span><span class="style219"><a href="coggins.htm">Silicon Graphics Sr Vice President Steve Coggins</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="gante.htm">BDLI President Hans-Joachim Gante</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="sinha.htm">MITRE VP Agam Sinha</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 4 </strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="linkevicius.htm">Lithuanian Defense Minister Linas Linkevicius</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="korcok.htm">Slovakian State Secretary of Foreign Affairs Ivan Korcok</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="brodi.htm">Hungarian Dep State Secretary of Foreign Affairs Gabor Brodi</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="hunter.htm">Fmr US Ambassador to NATO Robert Hunter</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="vondra.htm">Czech Dep Foreign Minister Alexandr Vondra</a></span><br>
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<h1 align="center" class="style196"><span class="style22">The Way Forward-International Cooperation In the New Security Environment</span></h1>
<p align="center" class="style196 style20 style23">Mr. Alfred Volkman<br>
Director for International Cooperation, <br>
Office of the United States Under Secretary of Defense, AT&L</p>
<p align="left" class="style21">The title, "The Way Forward-International Cooperation in the New Security Environment," invites us to consider how nations might cooperate to meet the threats we are likely to encounter in the future. It also invites us to consider what lessons we can learn from the past. </p>
<p align="center" class="style16">THE NEED FOR COOPERATION</p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Since 2001, the United States has continued to learn that a dangerous world requires that we cooperate closely with our allies and friends around the world. The United States did not act unilaterally after September 11, but did depend on NATO aircraft to help protect our airspace; it also relied on the assistance of many nations, prominent among them Russia, in the battle against terrorism. The victory in Iraq was accomplished quickly because United Kingdom forces played a major role around Basra, permitting the rapid assault on Baghdad. Other coalition partners played less visible, but extremely important, roles. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The United States will also depend on coalition partners to help win the peace. In Afghanistan, an international force is led by German-Dutch command. In Iraq, Poland is playing an important role. These are only two examples, but it is clear that the United States and its partners around the world recognize the necessity to cooperate both in waging war and winning peace. </p>
<p align="center" class="style16">THE IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY</p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The victories in Afghanistan and Iraq have demonstrated the importance of technology in modern warfare. One of the most memorable photographs of the war in Afghanistan is of U.S. Special Forces riding horses with wooden saddles and carrying GPS receivers in their hands. The wars in both Afghanistan and Iraq have demonstrated the importance of GPS and the need to protect it against jamming. They have also pointed out the importance of aerial refueling (417 million pounds of jet fuel were offloaded); air and sea lifts; air power and the use of precision-guided munitions (70% of munitions dropped in Iraq were guided, compared to 35% during the Kosovo conflict and 10% during the Gulf War); and aerial ground surveillance ("Even at the height of dust storms, the enemy had no place to hide," said one commander). </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> In addition to technology, the fusion of information and the speed of its transmission were also key to our success in Iraq. The war emphasized the importance of the rapid transmission of information from sensor to shooter. I believe the official lessons of the war will reveal that we can make great improvements in our ability to conduct netcentric warfare, which Robert Lentz also addresses. </p>
<p align="center" class="style16 style20">THE POWER OF POLITICAL WILL</p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Finally, our recent experience demonstrates the importance of political will. In the late 1990s, in my travels around the world, I was disturbed by the widely held view that the United States would not commit forces to combat because the American public would not tolerate pictures of body bags being loaded onto aircraft. I do not hear that opinion any longer. September 11 changed all that. However, difficult decisions still need to be made, and political will must be exercised. For example, the United States and our friends and allies must exercise the will necessary to win the peace in Afghanistan and Iraq. Our European allies must find the political will required to close the capability gap between Europe and the United States. The credibility of NATO as a military alliance demands it, and the response force agreed to in Prague will not be very capable without airlift and aerial refueling capabilities and precision-guided munitions. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The need for cooperation among nations, the need to use the best technology available, and the need for political will are not new imperatives for maintaining security. Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo by English, Russian, and German forces who understood these imperatives. This panel will now illuminate how we can meet these needs as we move forward in the new security environment. </p>
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