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<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+4">Events
of June 1997</FONT></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1">Anne
D. Baylon</FONT></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1">CENTRAL
EUROPE</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Albania</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
2 </B>Wounding 24 people,<B> </B>three bombs--including one in a café
patronized by members of Albania's Socialist opposition party--explode in
Tirana. Although President Sali Berisha condemns the café bombing
as a terrorist act, the Socialist Party accuses him of involvement in the
attack.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
7 </B>Reports of fresh violence--a hand grenade thrown at a rally of
President Berisha's supporters outside the capital--are a major concern
for the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, which will
monitor the June 29 elections and try to keep them free of fraud.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
15 </B>Lacking such basics as candidate lists, preparations for the
parliamentary elections are in disarray. In addition, President Sali
Berisha has insisted that polls be open until 9:00 P.M. but the OSCE, in
charge of monitoring the elections, claims that it is too unsafe for
monitors to be without military escorts after dark and that the
Italian-led European military force says that its mandate does not allow
it to escort election monitors at night.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
29</B> Voting for the parliamentary elections goes smoothly, with early
returns indicating a likely loss for the party of President Berisha.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
30</B> President Berisha admits the defeat of his Democratic Party but
does not offer his resignation. Fatos Nano, leader of the Socialist Party,
claims victory and calls on Mr. Berisha to step down.</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Czech
Republic</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
10 </B>Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus narrowly survives a vote of confidence
in his government. After six years of successful market reforms built
through privatization and economic liberalism, Mr. Klaus "stumbled"
in the June 96 general election and had to form a minority government,
which led to political instability and the current vote.</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1">EASTERN
EUROPE</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Russia</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
9 </B>Center TV, a brand-new television network owned and operated by the
city of Moscow, has been spreading the image of Yuri Luzhkov, Moscow's
powerful mayor, in the Moscow area; the network hopes to broadcast
throughout much of Central Russia by September. Mr. Luzhkov is positioning
himself to replace President Boris Yeltsin in 2000.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
23</B> At a first reading of the budget bill, the Russian Parliament
rejects President Yeltsin's plans to cut spending by one fifth or nearly
$19 billion, a proposal that had been prompted by a shortfall of over 40
percent in tax revenues for the first three months of the year. The
government insists that the cuts will have to be made anyway, because the
state cannot pay its bills.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
30 </B>President Yeltsin appoints Tatyana Dyachenko, his 37-year-old
daughter, as "adviser to the President." Mrs. Dyachenko, who
emerged during last year's presidential election as one of Russia's most
powerful people, will be in charge of the "president's image," a
job she performed unofficially until now.</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Russia/Belarus</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
10</B> After its ratification by the Parliaments of Russia and Belarus, a
symbolic union treaty integrating the two former Soviet states is signed
by President Boris Yeltsin and President Aleksandr Lukashenko. The treaty
is a "watered-down version" of an original draft that, according
to the Russian government, might have given too much power to Mr.
Lukashenko, who is a hard-liner.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Tajikistan</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
27</B> With President Boris Yeltsin presiding over the Kremlin ceremony,
President Emomali Rakhmonov and rebel leader Said Abdullo Nuri sign a pact
in Moscow that formally ends five years of civil war.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Ukraine</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
18, reported in NY Times of June 20</B> Under pressure from Western
donors, President Leonid Kuchma dismisses Prime Minister Pavlo Lazarenko.
Mr. Lazarenko, who is the fifth Prime Minister to be ousted since Ukraine
became independent in 1991, has been accused of making millions of dollars
through private business dealings while being in office.</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1">THE
FORMER YUGOSLAVIA</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Bosnia</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
11</B> With upcoming local elections in September, OSCE international
monitors find pervasive fraud in voter registration in the city of Brcko
as Bosnian Serb officials issue false identity papers to Serbian refugees
that they bused in from Yugoslavia. (Since Muslims were a majority in
Brcko before the war, local authorities fear that former Muslim residents
will outnumber the Serbian refugees who have been brought in from other
areas.)</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
27</B> U.S. National Security officials expel Selmo Cikotic, a Bosnian
Muslim general, from a 10-month elite U.S. Army training course after
hearing unconfirmed accusations by Croatian officials that he is a war
criminal. Gen. Cikotic, who served as field commander in the war in the
Balkans, came to Washington in 1994 as the Embassy of Bosnia and
Herzegovina's military attache.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Croatia</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
1 </B>In a small gesture toward compliance with the Dayton peace accords,
Croatia reopens a bridge over the Sava River linking southern Croatia to
the northern Bosnian town of Brcko. The bridge, which was destroyed in
1992, was reconstructed by U.S. peacekeeping forces after 1995 as part of
a major supply route but had remained closed to civilian traffic. Mostly
Muslim before the war, Brcko is now part of the Serbian enclave within
Bosnia.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
6 </B>Vlado Gotovac, President Franjo Tudjman's main rival in the
presidential elections scheduled for June 15, is attacked and knocked
unconscious with head injuries at a political rally. Imprisoned for six
years as a dissident under the Communists, Mr. Gotovac, unlike other
Balkan leaders, does not use nationalism to justify abuses of authority.
He has denounced the government's refusal to allow Serbian citizens in
exile to return home or to cast ballots and denounced its attempts
to rehabilitate the Croatian regime that collaborated with the Nazis
during World War II.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
10</B> As a result of efforts by President Franjo Tudjman to abide by the
peace accords, the U.S. agrees to a $13 million international loan to
Croatia by a World Bank affiliate, the International Finance Corporation,
for a redevelopment project in the country. The decision is criticized by
those who say that Croatia must be made to cooperate with the war crimes
tribunal.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
15</B> Bosnian Croats vote for President in what is expected to be a
victory for President Tudjman.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
16</B> Winning with over 61 percent of the votes, Franjo Tudjman is
reelected as Croatia's President for another five-year term. Outside
monitors condemn the vote as "fundamentally flawed."</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
24</B> Although the U.S. agreed to a $13 million loan to Croatia on June
10, mounting frustration with President Tudjman causes Washington to seek
to block the World Bank from considering a $30 million loan for Croatia. A
delay, it was felt, would pressure Mr. Tudjman to turn over Croats
indicted for war crimes and to allow Serbian refugees to return to their
homes in Croatia.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
27</B> In Eastern Slavonia--a portion of Croatia under U.N.
administration--investigators for the war crimes tribunal in The Hague
arrest Slavko Dokmanovic, a Serb accused of the 1991 massacre of 261
Croats in a Croatian hospital. Mr. Dokmanovic, who is now incarcerated in
the tribunal's prison in the Netherlands, is the 76<SUP>th</SUP> person
charged with war crimes but only the 9<SUP>th</SUP> to be incarcerated.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1">WESTERN
EUROPE/EASTERN EUROPE</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+1"> </FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">France</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
2</B> After a decisive electoral defeat of the center-right parties,
President Jacques Chirac is forced to appoint Socialist leader Lionel
Jospin Prime Minister, establishing a "cohabitation" between
right and left.</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Germany</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
4 </B>With over 11 percent of German workers jobless, the chemical
workers' unions agree to a contract that would allow companies in serious
economic distress to reduce wages by 10 percent. The new contract is
intended to prevent job losses since Germany has lost more than one
million jobs in five years.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Land
Mines</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
26 </B>At a disarmament conference in Geneva, negotiators agree to
separate the question of land mines from the currently deadlocked nuclear
issues. Australian representative John Campbell is appointed special
coordinator to open talks on a global ban on land mines.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">NATO/U.S.A./NATO
Expansion and Reorganization</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
12</B> At a meeting of the NATO Defense Ministers in Brussels, the U.S.
announces its firm intention to limit the first group of new NATO members
to Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic despite the inclination by 9 of
the 16 members to also include Slovenia and Romania.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>NY
Times of June 15</B> As NATO leaders are about to extend the first formal
invitations to prospective new members, they remain apart on several
issues: a) the U.S. is still at odds with 9 NATO nations over the number
of invited new members; b) France is holding NATO's reorganization hostage
to filling the Southern Command in Naples with a European officer instead
of a U.S. one; c) Turkey is threatening to block any decision on
enlargement (since a consensus of all 16 members is needed) unless it
receives encouragement on its quest to join the European Union.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Summit
of the Eight</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
20</B> The 23<SUP>rd</SUP> summit meeting of the Group of Seven
major industrialized nations, newly renamed "Summit of the Eight"
to include Russia, opens in Denver. Applauding Russia's full integration
in the group, President Clinton also announces that Russia will be
admitted to the Paris Club of creditor nations that manages the debt of
developing nations, prompting Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Lawrence
Summers to say that "in a sense, this marks the financial end of the
cold war."</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
22</B> As the Denver summit ends, President Clinton acknowledges that he
failed to resolve differences on how many countries should join NATO in
the first round of expansion; concerning Bosnia, all nations agree on
pursuing the Dayton accords, especially the return of refugees, freedom of
movement for all ethnic groups, and punishment of war crime criminals.</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Switzerland/Partnership
for Peace</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
18, Reported in NY Times of June 22</B> Moving away from
isolationism, Switzerland joins the Partnership for Peace as a way, in
Swiss Defense Minister Adolf Ogi's words, to "contribute to peace and
stability in Europe." In order to preserve its neutrality,
Switzerland will not participate in armed NATO maneuvers, but will work in
areas such as education and training and rescue operations.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Turkey</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
1 </B>Although elections are not due until the year 2000, Prime Minister
Necmettin Erbakan acknowledges that his Islamist and Secularist coalition
government is crumbling, making new elections necessary (the government
lost its majority on May 30).</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
12 </B>Claiming that Prime Minister Erbakan has broken his February
promise to close Islamic schools and organizations and that "the
Republic is facing an extremely serious threat," the top military
leadership increases its pressure on the Islamist government. Also, the
secular True Path Party, which is led by Foreign Minister Tansu Ciller and
is the junior partner in the coalition government, threatens to quit if
Mrs. Ciller "is not made Prime Minister unconditionally."</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
16</B> Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan announces that he will resign soon
but predicts that in new elections he will return to office with a
stronger mandate. Military commanders, however, have indicated that they "would
not tolerate such a government."</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
18</B> After one year in office, Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan resigns,
asking President Suleyman Demirel to keep his coalition in power by
appointing Foreign Minister Tansu Ciller as his successor.</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
20 </B>In a victory for the secularist military, President Demirel asks
Mesut Yilmaz, a center-right politician and strong backer of secularism,
to form the next government. Mr. Yilmaz, who served twice as Prime
Minister and once as Foreign Minister during the 1990s, hopes to have a
government in place by the end of June, but this may prove difficult since
the other major secular party is headed by his long rival Foreign Minister
Ciller.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
30 </B>After forming a coalition government made of his center-right
Motherland Party and two smaller parties, Mesut Yilmaz, 50, is named Prime
Minister. Mr. Yilmaz pledges to "put an end to Turkey's year-long
experiment with Islamic rule."</FONT></FONT></FONT> <BR> </P>
<CENTER><B><I><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+0">Vatican/Poland</FONT></FONT></FONT></I></B></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="-1"><B>June
3 </B>Visiting Poland, Pope John Paul II meets with six Central and
Eastern European Presidents--Aleksander Kwasniewski of Poland, Arpad
Goncz of Hungary, Václav Havel of the Czech Republic, Michal Kovac
of Slovakia, Leonid Kuchma of Ukraine, and Algirdas Brazauskas of
Lithuania--to give them words of encouragement and stress the importance
of a united Europe.</FONT></FONT></FONT> </P>
<P></P>
<HR WIDTH="100%">
<P><BR>
<FONT COLOR="#083250"><FONT SIZE="-2">Copyright @ Center for Strategic
Decision Research 1998</FONT></FONT> <BR><FONT COLOR="#083250"><FONT SIZE="-2">Strategic Decision Press</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT COLOR="#083250"><FONT SIZE="+1"><A HREF="jun.htm">Return to Top
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