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<title>Center for Strategic Decision Research, Peter Struck, Michele Alliot-Marie, General George Joulwan, SACEUR, General James L. Jones, SHAPE, NATO, EU, BDLI, ILA, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Under Secretary Michael Wynne, Assistant Secretary Linton Wells, Ambassador William Burns, NATO Military Committee Chairman General Harald Kujat, General Dynamics, Boeing, Global Security Terrorism, Iraq, Afghanistan, Rainer Hertrich, David Stafford</title>
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<td width="66" height="68"><p><img src="../2004book/logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td><div align="center"><span class="style5">19th International Workshop on Global Security - Berlin, 3-6 May 2002<br>
"Global Security: Defining and Responding to the New Threats"</span></div></td>
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<p align="center" class="style17">Table of Contents</p>
<p><a href="hertrich.htm" class="style18">EADS Co-CEO Rainer Hertrich </a> <a href="coats.htm" class="style18">US Ambassador to Germany Daniel Coats</a><a href="weissingerbaylon.htm" class="style18">Workshop Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon </a></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 1</strong></p>
<p><span class="style18"><a href="deruyt.htm"> Belgian Ambassador to UN Jean de Ruyt</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="scharping.htm">German Defense Minister Rudolf Scharping</a></span><a href="joulwan.htm" class="style18">Fmr SACEUR Gen George Joulwan</a><a href="kwasniewski.htm" class="style18">Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski</a><a href="adamkus.htm" class="style18">Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus </a></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 2</strong></p>
<p><span class="style18"><a href="perrindebrichambaut.htm">French Defense Min Dir Strat Affairs Marc Perrin de Brichambaut</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="silvestri.htm">Istituto Affari Internazionali Pres Stefano Silvestri</a> <a href="barth.htm">Netherlands Defense Min Sec Gen Dirk Barth</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="sedivy.htm">Czech Chief of Gen Staff Gen Jiri Sedivy </a> <a href="volkman.htm">US Defense Dept Director Intl Coop Alfred Volkman</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="dipaola.htm"> Italian Defense Min Sec Gen Adm Giampaolo Di Paola</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="schuwirth.htm"> EU Mil Staff Director Gen Rainer Schuwirth</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="ho.htm">Singaporean Defense Min First Permanent Secretary Peter Ho</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="weise.htm">German Dep Armaments Director Hans-Heinrich Weise</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="vondra.htm">Fmr Czech Ambassor to US Alexandr Vondra</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="schonbohm.htm">Brandenburg Interior Min Jorg Schonbohm</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="rogov.htm">Russian Acad of Sciences USA Canada Inst Dir Sergey Rogov</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="tarasyuk.htm">Fmr Ukranian Foreign Min Borys Tarasyuk</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="carter.htm">Kennedy School Prof Ashton Carter</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="alibek.htm">Fmr USSR Biopreparat Dep Dir Ken Alibek</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="wolsztynski.htm">French Vice Chief of Defense Staff Gen Richard Wolsztynski </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 3</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="siwiec.htm">Polish Ntl Security Advisor Marek Siwiec</a><a href="pascu.htm">Romanian Defense Minister Ioan Pascu</a><a href="kacer.htm">Slovakian Defense Min State Sec Rastislav Kacer</a><a href="weisser.htm">German Defense Min Fmr Planning Staff Head Ulrich Weisser</a><a href="rogozin.htm">Russian Duma Member Dmitri Rogozin</a><a href="piontkovsky.htm">Russian Strat Studies Ctr Director Andrei Piontkovsky</a><a href="karaganov.htm">Russian Foreign & Def Policy Council Chair Sergei Karaganov </a> </p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 4</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="birke.htm">BDLI President Hans Birke</a><a href="habibie.htm">Fmr Indonesian Pres Bacharuddin Habibie</a><a href="novotny.htm">Czech Amb to India Jaromir Novotny</a><a href="chandra.htm">Indian Dep Ntl Security Adv Satish Chandra </a> <a href="gomes.htm">Portuguese Atlantic Commission President Bernardino Gomes</a> <a href="ezdi.htm">Pakistani Ambassador to Germany Asif Ezdi </a></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 5</strong></p>
<p><span class="style18"><a href="enders.htm">EADS Vice President Thomas Enders</a><a href="cosentino.htm">Alenia Sr Vice Pres Carmelo Cosentino</a><a href="orsi.htm">Agusta Westland Dir Giuseppe Orsi</a><a href="wells.htm">US Defense Dept Principal Dep Assist Sec C3I Linton Wells</a><a href="coggins.htm">Silicon Graphics Sr Vice Pres Steve Coggins</a><a href="kotaite.htm">Intl Civil Aviation Organization Council Pres Assad Kotaite</a><a href="roma.htm">European Civil Aviation Conference Pres Alredo Roma</a><a href="nagel.htm">German Transport, Building, Housing Min State Sec Ralf Nagel</a><a href="chikwe.htm">Nigerian Aviation Minister Kema Chikwe</a><a href="garcia.htm">Airbus Exec Vice Pres Alain Garcia</a><a href="camporini.htm">Italian Vice Chief of Defense Staff Gen Vincenzo Camporini</a><a href="olrich.htm">Icelandic Education, Culture, & Science Minister Tomas Olrich</a><a href="regibeau.htm"> Belgian Diplomatic Adv to Defense Minister Jean-Arthur Regibeau</a><br>
</span> </p>
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<h1 align="center" class="style196 style22">U.S. Objectives for Network Centric Warfare Capability</h1>
<p align="center" class="style20"> Dr. Linton Wells<br>
United States Principal Assistant Secretary of Defense for C3I</p>
<p align="left" class="style21">When we talk about Network Centric Warfare, we are talking about a four-tier cascade. Building the network allows us to share information. Sharing the information allows us to share situation awareness. Shared situational awareness allows forces to do what we call "self-synchronization", which means less tightly coordinated from the top, but in pursuit of common objectives. Self-synchronization dramatically improves force effectiveness. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The objectives for Network Centric Warfare that the Department of Defense has put forward for the next several years are three-fold: </p>
<ul class="style21">
<li> Make information available on a network that people depend on and trust. </li>
<li> Populate the network with new, dynamic sources of information to defeat the enemy. </li>
<li> Deny the enemy advantages and exploit weaknesses. </li>
</ul>
<p align="center" class="style16">DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OBJECTIVES</p>
<p align="left" class="style21"><span class="style23"><em>Building the Network</em>. </span>By starting to build the network, we have committed about $650 million over the next two years, 2003 and 2004, to extending 10-gigabit-per-second fiber to the 80 largest command-and-control nodes, not only in the U.S. but also overseas. Some of these nodes will be in Europe, some in the Middle East, and some in Asia. We expect to increase that number over the next few years. Then, we will extend that bandwidth enhancement to increase the capacity that can be handled by satellites by using laser communications. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The next part of the program will be moving to wireless tails, and I think there will be a very significant opportunity for international cooperation and the development of software-programmable radios. A productive program is already under way with Great Britain's Bowman system, and the U.S. Joint Tactical Radio System. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The point I want to emphasize about the network is that it has to be global and ubiquitous, but also one that people trust. If people do not trust it, they are not going to share their information, and if they do not share their information, then we will not reap the benefits of network centricity. Trust comes from security, and that must be built in from the start. If we look at all the forward-looking, transformational, exciting, yet stupid ideas that could be followed, becoming dependent on an unsecure network would be pretty high on the "not smart" list. So security is absolutely critical. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"><span class="style23"><em>Populating the Network with Data</em>. </span>The network will be populated with a mix of intelligence information, blue force information, personnel medical statistics, and logistics information. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"><span class="style23"><em>Making Sense of the Information is a Key Part of Populating the Network</em>. </span>I am struck by the fact that if you read 300 words a minute, you are processing data at about 200 bits a second. The network we will build will carry 10 billion bits of data a second, and the constraint will be with all of us at the far end of the pipe who have to read the data. The ability to translate the information-and make sense of it-is a very critical part of implementing Network Centric Warfare. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"><span class="style24">Denying the Opponent Comparable Advantages. </span> The final piece of this concept is denying our opponent comparable advantages. To do this we need a mix of rigorous security, counterintelligence, target penetration, and other key components. </p>
<p align="center" class="style16">TRANSFORMATION</p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The Department of Defense is committed to transformation. This transformation will require us to adopt Information Age technologies and adapt to them. In the final analysis, the success of our transformation will be directly related to our ability to bring information to bear in our warfighting and other national security missions as well as in the business processes necessary to acquire capabilities and support operations. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Network Centric Warfare is the embodiment of an Information Age transformation of the Department of Defense. It imposes a new way of thinking about how we accomplish our missions, how we organize and interrelate, and how we acquire and field the systems that support us. The changes in our approach to the way we employ, acquire, and field systems pose significant challenges for the test and evaluation community. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Our successful transformation to Network Centric Warfare relies on our ability to create and share a high level of awareness and to control this shared awareness to rapidly self-synchronize effects. This will allow us to bring all the available information and all of our assets to bear, thus greatly enhancing combat power. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Of course, Network Centric Warfare requires that we think about information differently, particularly the way we disseminate it. The system will be dominated by peer-to-peer relationships and information exchanges that transcend individual systems and organizations. It will empower the "edge" of the organization and command will involve choosing from a set of alternatives presented from the "edge," as opposed to centralized planning. This, in turn, affects the attributes of information systems that are most important to us and therefore has profound implications for what we should build and how we should test it. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Network Centric Warfare involves a historic shift in the center of gravity from platforms such as planes, ships and vehicles to the network. The single greatest contributor to combat power is the network itself. The value of platforms, headquarters, and other assets derive their value from their ability to contribute to the overall effort by virtue of their being connected to the network. The marginal value of an unconnected platform pales in comparison to the value it can generate if it is "net ready." For example, the information generated by a networked sensor serves to enhance the value of all the other nodes on the net, rather than only a few nodes. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> To achieve this, the information must be "posted" to the network before it is meticulously processed, since users may find value in inputs that centralized inputs managers had not envisioned. At the same time, however, it is not enough just to "pull" from the net. Each user also must post his or her information expeditiously. Consider an example. Today, a satellite photo is processed and exploited by a centralized group of experts before being disseminated. However, a soldier in the field may need to know immediately that there is something on the far side of the hill with tanks, a turret, and a gun, rather than waiting several hours to get a fully analyzed picture that describes the type of tank and its capabilities. By the same token, a picture taken by the soldier's digital camera also should be posted immediately for analysis at headquarters. It needs to be a two-way street. </p>
<p align="center" class="style16">THE NEED FOR COOPERATION AND TRUST</p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> In building and using this type of network, there are significant coalition considerations and international partnership opportunities. Although the bandwidth is striking, a lot of it is being built with commercial fiber, which is available to everybody. It basically uses dense wave division multiplexing. The fact that we are using web-based interfaces is something that should be shared among all coalition partners no matter what their technological sophistication may be. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> We are also using commercial collaborative tool sets and software-programmable radios, reusing commercial off-the-shelf products to the maximum extent possible. But there are serious cultural issues involved. Many believe that power comes not from the information you hold but from the information you share, and that challenges the hierarchical command-and-control system that has been built for the dissemination of information in channels. It is something we are just beginning to work through. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Security is an area for which we need a new theory. We need an approach that allows us to share information while maintaining trust within the communities of interest. In this regard, I would like to point out that 24 out of our last 26 espionage cases in the United States had received security clearances before they went bad, so the threat from the "cleared insider" must be considered seriously. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Business knows this "insider" problem very well; in the defense security equation, we are used to thinking of having the bad guy on the outside and the good guy on the inside. We need to rethink the problem and make more use of near-real-time monitoring of the network, which the commercial sector already does very well. We look forward to learning how the private sector protects intellectual property to use as a model for our own military security. </p>
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