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<title>Center for Strategic Decision Research, Peter Struck, Michele Alliot-Marie, General George Joulwan, SACEUR, General James L. Jones, SHAPE, NATO, EU, BDLI, ILA, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Under Secretary Michael Wynne, Assistant Secretary Linton Wells, Ambassador William Burns, NATO Military Committee Chairman General Harald Kujat, General Dynamics, Boeing, Global Security Terrorism, Iraq, Afghanistan, Rainer Hertrich, David Stafford</title>
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<td width="66" height="68"><p><img src="../2004book/logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td><div align="center"><span class="style5">19th International Workshop on Global Security - Berlin, 3-6 May 2002<br>
"Global Security: Defining and Responding to the New Threats"</span></div></td>
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<p align="center" class="style17">Table of Contents</p>
<p><a href="hertrich.htm" class="style18">EADS Co-CEO Rainer Hertrich </a> <a href="coats.htm" class="style18">US Ambassador to Germany Daniel Coats</a><a href="weissingerbaylon.htm" class="style18">Workshop Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon </a></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 1</strong></p>
<p><span class="style18"><a href="deruyt.htm"> Belgian Ambassador to UN Jean de Ruyt</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="scharping.htm">German Defense Minister Rudolf Scharping</a></span><a href="joulwan.htm" class="style18">Fmr SACEUR Gen George Joulwan</a><a href="kwasniewski.htm" class="style18">Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski</a><a href="adamkus.htm" class="style18">Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus </a></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 2</strong></p>
<p><span class="style18"><a href="perrindebrichambaut.htm">French Defense Min Dir Strat Affairs Marc Perrin de Brichambaut</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="silvestri.htm">Istituto Affari Internazionali Pres Stefano Silvestri</a> <a href="barth.htm">Netherlands Defense Min Sec Gen Dirk Barth</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="sedivy.htm">Czech Chief of Gen Staff Gen Jiri Sedivy </a> <a href="volkman.htm">US Defense Dept Director Intl Coop Alfred Volkman</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="dipaola.htm"> Italian Defense Min Sec Gen Adm Giampaolo Di Paola</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="schuwirth.htm"> EU Mil Staff Director Gen Rainer Schuwirth</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="ho.htm">Singaporean Defense Min First Permanent Secretary Peter Ho</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="weise.htm">German Dep Armaments Director Hans-Heinrich Weise</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="vondra.htm">Fmr Czech Ambassor to US Alexandr Vondra</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="schonbohm.htm">Brandenburg Interior Min Jorg Schonbohm</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="rogov.htm">Russian Acad of Sciences USA Canada Inst Dir Sergey Rogov</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="tarasyuk.htm">Fmr Ukranian Foreign Min Borys Tarasyuk</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="carter.htm">Kennedy School Prof Ashton Carter</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="alibek.htm">Fmr USSR Biopreparat Dep Dir Ken Alibek</a></span><span class="style18"><a href="wolsztynski.htm">French Vice Chief of Defense Staff Gen Richard Wolsztynski </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 3</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="siwiec.htm">Polish Ntl Security Advisor Marek Siwiec</a><a href="pascu.htm">Romanian Defense Minister Ioan Pascu</a><a href="kacer.htm">Slovakian Defense Min State Sec Rastislav Kacer</a><a href="weisser.htm">German Defense Min Fmr Planning Staff Head Ulrich Weisser</a><a href="rogozin.htm">Russian Duma Member Dmitri Rogozin</a><a href="piontkovsky.htm">Russian Strat Studies Ctr Director Andrei Piontkovsky</a><a href="karaganov.htm">Russian Foreign & Def Policy Council Chair Sergei Karaganov </a> </p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 4</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="birke.htm">BDLI President Hans Birke</a><a href="habibie.htm">Fmr Indonesian Pres Bacharuddin Habibie</a><a href="novotny.htm">Czech Amb to India Jaromir Novotny</a><a href="chandra.htm">Indian Dep Ntl Security Adv Satish Chandra </a> <a href="gomes.htm">Portuguese Atlantic Commission President Bernardino Gomes</a> <a href="ezdi.htm">Pakistani Ambassador to Germany Asif Ezdi </a></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 5</strong></p>
<p><span class="style18"><a href="enders.htm">EADS Vice President Thomas Enders</a><a href="cosentino.htm">Alenia Sr Vice Pres Carmelo Cosentino</a><a href="orsi.htm">Agusta Westland Dir Giuseppe Orsi</a><a href="wells.htm">US Defense Dept Principal Dep Assist Sec C3I Linton Wells</a><a href="coggins.htm">Silicon Graphics Sr Vice Pres Steve Coggins</a><a href="kotaite.htm">Intl Civil Aviation Organization Council Pres Assad Kotaite</a><a href="roma.htm">European Civil Aviation Conference Pres Alredo Roma</a><a href="nagel.htm">German Transport, Building, Housing Min State Sec Ralf Nagel</a><a href="chikwe.htm">Nigerian Aviation Minister Kema Chikwe</a><a href="garcia.htm">Airbus Exec Vice Pres Alain Garcia</a><a href="camporini.htm">Italian Vice Chief of Defense Staff Gen Vincenzo Camporini</a><a href="olrich.htm">Icelandic Education, Culture, & Science Minister Tomas Olrich</a><a href="regibeau.htm"> Belgian Diplomatic Adv to Defense Minister Jean-Arthur Regibeau</a><br>
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<h1 align="center" class="style196 style23 style24">Preparing for and Responding to Assymetric Warfare</h1>
<p align="center" class="style20"> Lieutenant General Jirí Sedivý<br>
Chief of the General Staff, Czech Armed Forces</p>
<p align="left" class="style21">The form of terrorism we see today is often called an asymmetric threat. In simple terms, this involves a situation in which an attacker who is weaker than his potential victim tries to achieve his goal by using an unexpected, non-traditional means to strike. He hits the stronger opponent in a strategic area that is extremely hard to defend. </p>
<p align="center" class="style20 style22"><strong>NEW TYPES OF TERRORISM</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Terrorists involved in asymmetric warfare use not only conventional weapons but also new technologies, including cyberterrorism, bioterrorism, and ecoterrorism. Currently cyberterrorism is a major threat, since most developed countries depend on information systems for all aspects of life and such systems can be easily attacked. Hackers now use computers as weapons against countries and targeted societies. The collapse of information systems could result in the total and swift collapse of social and economic structures. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Chemical and biological weapons are also being used by today's terrorists. They can be produced more cheaply and require less material and time to make than nuclear weapons. Toxic agents have been used against innocent people in recent years, including in the Omshiro subway in Japan and in the U.S. after September 11, 2001. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The possible use of radioactive material also raises fear. Unlike chemical agents, which do damage immediately, radioactive agents may continue to cause harm for many years. </p>
<p align="center" class="style20 style22"><strong>AN INTERNATIONAL SCOURGE</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Borders do not limit terrorism, and it does not stem from only one group or one religion. Terrorism is international. Its protagonists, both individuals and groups, are part of a disciplined military apparatus that has specific goals and acts through conspiracy. Terrorist strikes can be carried out anywhere in the world, in strong democratic countries as well as amid the chaos and corruption of less developed nations. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Most often, terrorists act in small groups. They make use of shock tactics to gain the advantage and to multiply their effect. Every democratic society that believes in and respects human rights creates nearly ideal conditions for terrorist activities. Effective countermeasures may require temporarily limiting democratic privileges, which can result in negative responses from the population. </p>
<p align="center" class="style20"><strong>CHANGES IN THE ARMED FORCES</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The use of armed forces is frequently discussed in connection with the fight against terrorism. Following positive developments in the geostrategic environment, armed forces are currently being transformed and reduced. But while shrinking in numbers, their equipment and organizational structures are becoming more modern, ready for action, and mobile. They are now able to fulfill multiple tasks in various times and places. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> However, while their form is changing, their mission remains the same; fighting terrorism is simply an addition to their spectrum of tasks. But to fight terrorism the armed forces require in-depth reorganization. They also need to gather intelligence in close cooperation with allies and require technology for improved reconnaissance and surveillance. To react quickly our forces, and not only our Special Forces, must also be very mobile, and some units must have NBC and medical capabilities as well. </p>
<p align="center" class="style20"><strong>THE NEED FOR POST-ATTACK CONTROL</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Predicting the extent, place, and time of terrorist action is and always will be very difficult and demanding. However, mastering the situation after a terrorist attack is also important. Governments and their armed forces and rescue agencies must respond quickly and effectively to limit the extent of damage, to prevent panic, and to restore calm. Terrorists aim not only to shock and kill but to cause mental anguish and destabilization following their attacks. Therefore early and effective post-attack control is as important as prevention. </p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> Methods for taking control after an attack can be developed despite the will of the terrorists. One method is to create an integrated rescue system, joining effective rescue forces and means for intervening at the scene of an emergency. Since terrorism does not respect any borders, international cooperation is key to an integrated rescue system. </p>
<p align="center" class="style20"><strong>CONCLUDING REMARKS </strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style21"> The fight against terrorism must be conducted on both the national and the international levels. Being successful in this fight also requires effective prevention techniques as well as coordinated efforts to deal with terrorism's aftermath. </p>
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