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<title>Center for Strategic Decision Research, Peter Struck, Michele Alliot-Marie, General George Joulwan, SACEUR, General James L. Jones, SHAPE, NATO, EU, BDLI, ILA, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Under Secretary Michael Wynne, Assistant Secretary Linton Wells, Ambassador William Burns, NATO Military Committee Chairman General Harald Kujat, General Dynamics, Boeing, Global Security Terrorism, Iraq, Afghanistan, Rainer Hertrich, David Stafford</title>
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<td width="66" height="68"><p><img src="../2004book/logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td width="618"><div align="center"><span class="style5">16th International Workshop on Global Security - Budapest, 20-23 June 1999 <br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents:</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="/99Book/weissingerbaylon.htm">Workshop Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon </a></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 1</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/99Book/goncz.htm">Hungarian President Arpad Goncz </a></strong></span><span class="style217"><a href="/99Book/kwasniewski.htm">Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski </a><a href="/99Book/adamkus.htm">Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/99Book/solana.htm">NATO Secretary General Javier Solana </a><a href="/99Book/orban.htm">Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban </a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/99Book/dzurinda.htm">Slovakian Prime Minister Mikulas Dzurinda </a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/99Book/majko.htm">Albanian Prime Minister Pandeli Majko </a><a href="/99Book/hamre.htm">US Dep Secretary of Defense John Hamre </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 2</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><a href="/99Book/vetchy.htm">Czech Defense Minister Vladimir Vetchy </a><span class="style222"><a href="/99Book/haekkerup.htm">Danish Defense Minister Hans Haekkerup </a><a href="/99Book/szabo.htm">Hungarian Defense Minister Janos Szabo</a></span></span><span class="style217"><span class="style222"><a href="/99Book/bodry.htm">Luxembourgan Defense Minister Alex Bodry </a><a href="/99Book/onyszkiewicz.htm">Polish Defense Minister Janusz Onyszkiewicz </a></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/henderson.htm">UK Minister of State for the Armed Forces Doug Henderson </a><a href="/99Book/fasslabend.htm">Austrian Defense Minister Werner Fasslabend</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/clark.htm">SACEUR Gen Wesley Clark</a><a href="/99Book/ellis.htm">CINC AFSOUTH Adm James Ellis</a><a href="/99Book/spiering.htm">CINC AFCENT Gen Joachim Spiering </a><a href="/99Book/skjostad.htm">AFNORTHWEST Chief of Staff Gen Odd Vincent Skjostad </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 3</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/geremek.htm">Polish Foreign Minister Bronislaw Geremek </a><a href="/99Book/mihailova.htm">Bulgarian Foreign Minister Nadezha Mihailova </a><a href="/99Book/kukan.htm">Slovakian Foreign Minister Eduard Kukan </a></span><span class="style209"><span class="style197"><a href="/99Book/babiuc.htm">Romanian Defense Minister Victor Babiuc</a></span><span #invalid_attr_id="10px 0px 0px 10px"><span class="style197"><a href="/99Book/luik.htm">Estonian Defense Minister Juri Luik </a></span></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/birkavs.htm">Latvian Foreign Minister Valdis Birkavs </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 4</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/gansler.htm">US Under Secretary of Defense Jacques Gansler</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/franklin.htm">BMDO Dep Director Gen Peter Franklin </a><a href="/99Book/herzog.htm">Israeli Defense Forces Strat Planning Head Gen Michael Herzog</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/hoeper.htm">US Assist Secretary of the Army Paul Hoeper</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 5</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/pereiradospenedos.htm">Portuguese State Secretary Jose Rodrigues Pereira dos Penedos </a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/weston.htm">British Aerospace Chief Executive John Weston </a><a href="/99Book/zappa.htm">Alenia Aerospazio President Giorgio Zappa </a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/fernandez.htm">CASA President Alberto Fernandez </a><a href="/99Book/josefsson.htm">Celsius AB CEO Lars Josefsson </a><a href="/99Book/boyle.htm">Boeing Vice President Gen Jean Boyle </a><a href="/99Book/denker.htm">Daimler-Chrysler Aerospace Vice President Wolf-Peter Denker </a><a href="/99Book/crosby.htm">Northrop-Grumman Vice President Ralph Crosby </a><a href="/99Book/pellicci.htm">Oracle Vice President Jack Pellicci </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 6</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/cutileiro.htm">WEU Secretary General Jose Cutileiro </a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/tarasyuk.htm">Ukranian Foreign Min Borys Tarasyuk </a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/99Book/portillo.htm">UK Fmr Sec of State for Defense Michael Portillo </a></span><span class="style219"></span><br>
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<h1 align="center" class="style196 style26">Enlarging NATO Southeastwards: The Best Preventive Diplomacy</h1>
<p align="center" class="style27">Her Excellency Nadezhda Mihailova<br>
Foreign Minister of Bulgaria</p>
<P ALIGN="LEFT"> <FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"><span class="style24"><span class="style8"><FONT COLOR="#000000">T</FONT>he results of the Washington Summit and the developments in Kosovo set the issues of politico-military interaction against a new background. The international community is now faced with the challenge of constructing a new Southeastern Europe for the next century. However, the recent dramatic developments in the region pose a very legitimate question: should we not have started much earlier? </span></span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER" class="style8 style28"> <B>BULGARIA’S VIEW OF KOSOVO</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> If we are honest, we know we have been slow in reassessing the modes of interaction in the new international environment as it emerged from the Cold War. We have been slow in reforming the heavy and inflexible structures and mechanisms of international decisionmaking that we inherited from the past. We have been waiting for crises instead of anticipating and, where need be, preventing them. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Today, Kosovo is the tragic proof of the need for greater resolve and the readiness to act. This drama might not have happened had we acted on time. The germs of the explosion in Yugoslavia were already visible a decade ago; the madness of Belgrade’s ultra-nationalist policy was very clear in Croatia and Bosnia. The Kosovo crisis was unfolding while the ink was still drying on the Dayton peace accords. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> It has been clear for some time that the regime in Belgrade, the last authoritarian communist-style rule in Central Europe, is the main source of trouble and conflict in the Balkans. More could have been done to encourage the democratic change in Yugoslavia. The neighboring new democracies in Southeast Europe could have been supported in a more consistent manner. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> The air operation over Yugoslavia was the real test for NATO aspirants to prove their readiness to assume the responsibilities of membership. Like other Southeastern European democracies, Bulgaria opened its air space to the Allied forces, helping to speed up the attainment of a peace agreement in Kosovo. Bulgaria fully supported the Joint Guardian Operation and has just concluded an agreement with NATO providing Allied peacekeeping forces and equipment heading for Kosovo access to Bulgarian airspace. We have also strongly advocated the need for strict compliance with the principles of organization by the international security presence in Kosovo as stated in U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244. Additionally, despite the pressure put on Bulgaria regarding the “unity-of-command” issue, we did not give in and certainly contributed to the successful resolution of this problem. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> We are firmly convinced that NATO’s current military presence in Kosovo remains the key element of post-conflict security building. Very important, too, is NATO’s increasing pre-accession cooperation with future members from the Eastern Balkans. NATO should act on the issue of enlargement as boldly as it acted on crisis management. Under the present circumstances, enlarging the Alliance southeastwards would be the best preventive diplomacy. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> The peace agreement we all welcome should accelerate the creation of conditions allowing the safe and early return of refugees and displaced persons to their homes. It should also contribute to the further democratization of the Western Balkans. The agreement should specifically help the establishment of a democratic and multi-ethnic Kosovo as well as the speedy transition of the FRY to genuine democracy. The democratization of Yugoslavia is a must and should help the Serbian people to make such radical change. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> As this is happening, NATO member-countries should mobilize all possible financial and political resources for boosting the growth of and the investment in the so-called front-line states, including Bulgaria. Thus, these neighboring states can begin to turn from democracies of poverty into democracies of solidarity-driven prosperity. That is the best incentive for having the Serbian people make the changes we all expect. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER" class="style8 style28"> <B>INVOLVING CEE COUNTRIES IN DEFENSE CONSOLIDATION</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> As the debate about the future of defense industrial cooperation widens, we strongly believe that the Central and Eastern European countries should be taken into consideration—both those that are new members of the Alliance and those that aspire to membership. Talk of consolidation of demand and defense industrial cooperation in Europe should not fail to include the emerging defense markets in this area; and while the national defense establishments of the CEE countries—including Bulgaria—face identical interoperability and modernization problems, involving them in ongoing consolidation efforts will be key to these markets. </FONT></P>
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