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<CENTER><FONT SIZE="+3"></FONT><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+3">Preface</FONT></FONT></FONT>
</CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Under the patronage of
President of the Czech Republic Václav Havel, the XIVth
International NATO Workshop on Political-Military Decision Making was held
in the Rudolph and Spanish Halls of Prague Castle on 21-25 June 1997. The
Workshop's theme was "The New NATO: The Way Ahead." Prague
Castle was originally built in the ninth century, and reconstructed and
enlarged over the next thousand years; its Rudolph Hall, where sessions
were held each day, was formerly the picture gallery of Habsburg Emperor
Rudolph II. Contributing to the significance of the Workshop were the
symbolism of Prague Castle--where the Warsaw Pact last met and the Pact
was dissolved--and the Workshop's timing just before the summit of Madrid,
where Alliance leaders reached an historic agreement on the first phase of
NATO's enlargement to include the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland.
Together with the NATO-Russia Founding Act and the Ukraine-NATO Special
Partnership Charter, the Madrid Summit was an important step forward for
the New NATO toward a peaceful, democratic, and undivided Europe.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">For the fourth year,
General George Joulwan, as Supreme Allied Commander Europe and
Commander-in-Chief United States Forces Europe, was the Honorary General
Chairman. Since General Joulwan retired from active military service
shortly after the Prague Workshop, this Workshop was his last as Honorary
General Chairman. During the years of his leadership, the Workshop has
been restructured and raised to a higher level as a principal forum for
European and North American government, military, and industry leaders to
discuss emerging issues of European security. The papers in this volume
are based on presentations at the Prague Workshop. Since many of these
chapters present purely personal views, they do not necessarily reflect
the positions of their authors' organizations or governments.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Czech President Václav
Havel opened the Workshop in Spanish Hall with a reception and dinner at
which he was both our host and major speaker. The next morning, the
Workshop sessions began in Rudolph Hall, in President Havel's presence,
with addresses by Polish President Aleksander Kwasniewski (Patron of the
XIIIth Workshop in Warsaw), SACEUR General Joulwan, and a panel of
commanders: Colonel General Leontiy Pavlovich Shevtsov, Deputy to SACEUR
for Russian SFOR Forces, and General William W. Crouch, Commander-in-Chief
of the United States Army Europe. (Colonel General Shevtsov is presently
the Russian Deputy Minister of the Interior and General Crouch is now the
Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army.) Since Italian Prime
Minister Romano Prodi was unable to attend, his address was delivered by
Ambassador Giovanni Jannuzzi, Italian Permanent Representative on the
North Atlantic Council. Romanian President Emil Constantinescu opened the
next day's sessions, where he was welcomed by President Havel. Although
NATO Secretary General Javier Solana could not attend, his words of
welcome were transmitted to the Workshop participants by both President
Havel and General Joulwan.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">In Obecn' dum, Czech
Foreign Minister Josef Zieleniec, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense John
White, and Prague's Mayor, Jan Koukal, gave important Workshop
presentations. Early in this century, Obecn' dum was built as a symbol of
Czech culture--a role it is now reassuming. Reopened after years of
careful restoration, the Obecn' dum is a triumph of art nouveau
architecture. At Troja Castle, Czech Prime Minister Václav Klaus
gave a key address in the presence of Romanian President Constantinescu.
Troja was a beautiful setting for the music of the Prague Quartet
comprising Josef Riedlbauch, Josef Bauer, Jan Nykryn, and Karel Huth, and
later on the Barrandov fireworks.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Several NATO Defense
Ministers--all representatives of governments that have sponsored or
hosted past Workshops--addressed us in Prague: Minister Jörgen Kosmo
of Norway, Minister Jean-Pol Poncelet of Belgium, and Minister Joris J. C.
Voorhoeve of the Netherlands, as well as former United Kingdom Defense
Minister The Rt Hon Michael Portillo. Other major Workshop speakers were
Romanian Defense Minister Victor Babiuc, Latvian Foreign Minister Valdis
Birkavs, Western European Union Secretary General José Cutileiro,
Austrian Defense Minister Werner Fasslabend, Defense Minister Dr. Lazar
Kitanoski of the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Hellenic Deputy
Defense Minister Demetrios Apostolakis, Hungarian Foreign Minister Dr. Lászlo
K--vács, Bulgarian Foreign Minister Nadezhda Mihailova, Estonian
Defense Minister Andrus Öövel, Polish Foreign Minister Dariusz
Rosati, Lithuanian Foreign Minister Algirdas Saudargas, Slovenian Foreign
Minister Zolan Thaler, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Hennadiy Udovenko, Czech
Defense Minister Miloslav Vyborny, as well as Russian Ambassador Vitaly
Churkin, Ambassador Mir-Gamza Efendiev of Azerbaijan, U.S. Ambassador
Robert Hunter, and British Aerospace Group Managing Director John Weston.
More than 30 nations participated at Prague Castle, with 20 countries
represented at the level of foreign minister, defense minister, head of
government, or head of state. Azerbaijan, the Former Yugoslav Republic of
Macedonia, and Uzebekistan participated this year for the first time.
Representing the North Atlantic Council were Ambassadors Jean de Ruyt of
Belgium, Giovanni Jannuzzi of Italy, Lambertus W. Veenendaal of the
Netherlands, and Robert Hunter of the United States.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">The NATO Workshop series,
which is now in its 15th year, has been made possible by its sponsoring
organizations: Government of the Czech Republic, Alenia Aerospace,
Assistant Secretary of Defense (C3I), Association of the United States
Army, The Boeing Company, British Aerospace Plc, Celsius AB, Defense
Special Weapons Agency, Georgia Institute of Technology, Hughes Aircraft
Company, Lockheed Martin, MATRA Hautes Technologies, McDonnell Douglas
Corporation, MITRE Corporation, Net Assessment, Northrop Grumman, Supreme
Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE), TERMA Elektronik AS, United
Technologies, Government of Denmark, Government of the Federal Republic of
Germany, Government of Greece, Government of Hungary, Government of the
Netherlands, Government of Norway, Government of Poland, Government of
Portugal, and the Italian Ministry of Defense. We appreciate the help of
the Canadian Armed Forces over the years and the contributions of two
associate sponsors: GEC-Marconi and Raytheon International Inc.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Of the sponsoring
organizations, the Defense Special Weapons Agency (DSWA) has played a key
role over the last decade. We are especially grateful to the agency's
director, Major General Gary L. Curtin. Again this year, General Curtin
and DSWA organized a major session with presentations by The Honorable Dr.
Harold P. Smith, Jr., Assistant to the United States Secretary of Defense
for Nuclear and Chemical and Biological Defense Programs, and Mr. Paul J.
Hoeper, United States Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for International
& Commercial Programs. Rear Admiral J.O. Allison<B>,</B> the agency's
Director for Operations, shared her experience in the planning of the
agenda and DSWA's Workshop session. Mr. William Daitch of DSWA/NANF was
our principal contact point at DSWA throughout an entire year of
preparation for the Prague Workshop--as for past Workshops. Many others at
DSWA were helpful, including Major General Randall Peat, Colonel John
Koval, Lieutenant Colonel Raymond Bull, and, in DSWA's Acquisition
Management Office, Mr. Edward Archer and Ms. Susan Benik. Former DSWA
Director Vice Admiral Ted Parker was a helpful member of the Workshop's
advisory board.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">We are also grateful for
the support of the Czech government--which began in Summer 1996 when
President Havel traveled to the XIIIth Workshop in Warsaw to invite this
year's Workshop to Prague Castle. President Havel's unwavering support
facilitated the participation of senior government leaders, which together
with the Workshop's tradition of not-for-attribution discussions may have
helped set the stage for the Madrid Summit. In addition to the
enthusiastic support of President Havel, Foreign Minister Zieleniec, and,
of course, Defense Minister Vyborny, we benefited from the early
contributions of First Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Alexandr Vondra,
and later from the assistance of Deputy Minister Ambassador Karel Kovanda
and Mr. Stefan Fule. Mrs. Zieleniecová, the wife of Foreign
Minister Zieleniec, welcomed the Workshop spouses to the Foreign Ministry
and Mrs. Koukalova, wife of Mayor Koukal, invited them to the Mayor's
official residence for a concert of opera songs. Among the Czech
representatives were many of the country's highest leaders. These Czech
participants included Director Zdenek Borkovec, Deputy Interior Minister
Martin Fendrych, Mr. Vilem Holan of the Chamber of Deputies, Vice Minister
Miroslav Kalousek, Minister of Industry and Commerce Karel Kuhnl, Mr.
Michal Lobkowicz of the Czech Parliament, Trade Advisor Ambassador Karel
Lukas, Minister of Agriculture Josef Lux, Head of President's Office Ivan
Medek, Director Ladislav Mravec, Mr. Petr Necas of the Czech Parliament,
Armed Forces Chief of Staff Jiri Nekvasil, Director General Jaromir
Novotny, Justice Minister Vlasta Parkanova, Presidential Advisor General
Karel Pezl, Director Otto Pick, Finance Minister Ivan Pilip, Senate
Chairman Petr Pithart, Atlantic Commission President K. Schwarzenberg,
Director Pavel Seifter, State Material Reserves President Dusan Strauch,
Deputy Defense Minister Vladimir Suman, Director General Pavel Telicka,
Advisor to the Prime Minister Jan Zahradil, Senator Michael Zantovsky, and
Chamber of Deputies Chairman Milos Zeman.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">During the year of
preparations leading up to the Workshop, Mr. Martin Vavra of the Foreign
Ministry was our day-to-day contact--always available and totally
dedicated to his organizational responsibilities. In addition to the
contributions of the Guarant Company, a private organization which
provided the Czech government with support on a contractual basis, the
Czech government gave assistance whenever it was needed--which was
undoubtedly the critical element that made the Workshop successful. Among
the dozens of Czech officials, we appreciated Ladislav Beza, Jiri Machal,
Lukas Martin, Alena Vlckova, Josefine Wallat--and so many others that it
would be difficult to mention them all. Czech Ambassador to the North
Atlantic Cooperation Council Ambassador Jaroslav Sedivy helped maintain
effective communications with the Czech government. Other much appreciated
contributors were Ambassador Petr Kypr of the Foreign Ministry, JuDr.
Karel Lukas of the Ministry of Trade and Industry, and Mr. Jaromir Novotny
of the Defense Ministry. We would also like to thank the Czech government
for making the Prague Palace, Obecn' dum, and other treasured national
monuments available for Workshop functions, for providing excellent
security protection throughout the Workshop, for arranging to welcome
participants at Prague Airport, for transportation to Workshop events, and
for helping in countless other ways.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">The NATO Workshop Advisory
Board, which includes representatives of many of the sponsoring
organizations, is listed below:</FONT></FONT> </P>
<CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Patron:</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">His Excellency Václav
Havel<I>; President of the Czech Republic</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Past Patrons:</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">His Excellency Volker
Rühe: <I>Minister of Defense of Germany</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">His Excellency
Aleksander Kwasniewski;<I> President of the Republic of Poland</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Board of
Advisors:</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Mr. Thomas M.
Brennan; <I>Boeing Defense and Space Group</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">General Peter
Carstens; <I>Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Lieutenant General
Paul Cerjan (Ret.); <I>Former President, National Defense University</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Air Chief Marshal Sir
David Evans (Ret.), GCB, CBE, CBIM; <I>Former CinC United Kingdom Air
Forces</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Mr. François
Heisbourg; <I>Senior Vice President, MATRA Hautes Technologies</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Mr. Robert Hermann;<I>Senior
Vice President, United Technologies</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Vice Admiral The Hon
Sir Nicholas Hill-Norton (Ret.); <I>Defense Advisor, GEC-Marconi</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Ambassador Erich
Hochleitner; <I>Former Austrian Ambassador to NACC</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Admiral James R. Hogg
(Ret.); <I>Director of Strategic Studies Group, United States Navy</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">General George
Joulwan, USA; <I>Supreme Allied Commander Europe</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">State Secretary
Andrzej Karkoszka; <I>First Deputy Minister of Defense of Poland</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">His Excellency Dr. Lászl--
Kovács;<I> Minister of Foreign Affairs of Hungary</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">General Jack N.
Merritt (Ret.); <I>President, Association of the United States Army</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">General Klaus
Naumann; <I>Chairman of NATO Military Committee</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Lieutenant General
Malcolm R. O'Neill (Ret.);<I> Former Director, Ballistic Missile Defense
Organization</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Vice Admiral John T.
Parker (Ret.); <I>President, J. T. Parker Associates, Inc.</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Mr. Harry Pearce;<I>Vice
President, Northrop-Grumman International</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Mr. John Quilty; <I>Senior
Vice President, MITRE Corporation</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Ambassador Dr.
Hermann Freiherr von Richthofen; <I>German Ambassador to the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">General John
Shalikashvili; <I>Chairman of United States Joint Chiefs of Staff</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Lieutenant General Jörn
Söder (Ret.);<I> Former German Military Representative to NATO
Military Committee</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Dr. James E. Soos;
<I>U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (C3)</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">State Secretary
Andrzej Towpik; <I>Polish Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">His Excellency Tiit Vähi;
<I>Former Prime Minister of Estonia</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Field Marshal Sir
Richard Vincent (Ret.) GBE KCB DSO;<I> Former Chairman of the NATO Military
Committee</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Ambassador Alexandr
Vondra; <I>Ambassador of the Czech Republic to the United States</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Lieutenant General
Klaus Wiesmann; <I>German Military Representative to NATO Military
Committee</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Ing. Georgio Zappa;
<I>President, Alenia Aerospace</I></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Honorary General
Chairman:</FONT></FONT></B></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">General George
Joulwan, Supreme Allied Commander Europe</FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><B>Chairman: </B>Dr.
Roger Weissinger-Baylon</FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">General Jack Merritt, now
President of the Association of the United States Army (AUSA), has been
active since the third Workshop as a major speaker, as Honorary General
Chairman of the fourth Workshop, and more recently as an Advisory Board
member and sponsor. We appreciate AUSA's sponsorship and the participation
of its representatives.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Alenia Aerospace, a leader
of the Italian aerospace industry, is one of our longest-term European
industry participants--having provided continuous support since our VIIth
Workshop at Orta San Giulio in Northern Italy. As President of Alenia
Aerospace, Ing. Giorgio Zappa is a valued supporter. We would also like to
acknowledge the contributions of Colonel Aldo Ferraguto, who has
represented Alenia Aerospace at recent Workshops.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">United States Deputy
Assistant Secretary of Defense Dr. James E. Soos and Captain Debra Gross,
USN, helped develop the C3I dimension of the Workshop and, as in past
years, coordinated senior U.S. Department of Defense participation. We
would also like to thank Mr. Sal Manno. Among other senior representatives
of the U.S. Department of Defense were Deputy Assistant Secretaries Dr.
Katherine Kelleher and Major General Robert Osterthaler.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">The Boeing Company was
represented by Mr. Norman Scott, Vice President of Information and
Communication Systems; Mr. Thomas M. Brennan (Boeing Defense and Space
Group); Mr. Robert Draper, Vice President Europe of Boeing International;
and Executive Consultant Mr. Nolan Stripling. Thomas Brennan is a member
of the Workshop Advisory Board. We appreciate the continued sponsorship of
the Boeing Company, and its Defense and Space Group. During the year, both
Robert Draper and Thomas Brennan met with me to help plan for the Prague
Workshop as well as defense industry sponsorship and participation. They
also arranged for Michele Soukin to contribute to the Workshop as a member
of our international staff in Prague. After three years of staff
participation, she is one of its most experienced members.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">British Aerospace PLC
returned to the Workshop this year as a sponsoring organization. In
addition to Group Managing Director John Weston, who gave a major Workshop
address for the second year, British Aerospace was represented by Mr.
Julian Scopes, Vice President for Eastern Europe. Air Chief Marshal Sir
David Evans is now retired from British Aerospace but has continued his
interest in the Workshop, his helpfulness as an Advisory Board member, and
his participation as well.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">As Canadian Military
Representative to the NATO Military Committee, Lieutenant General Paul
Addy chaired again this year the final Workshop session--with
presentations by U.S. Ambassador Robert Hunter and former U.K. Defense
Minister Michael Portillo that were stimulating indeed. As a Workshop
sponsor, the Canadian Armed Forces provided air transportation support for
the Workshop at a time when a Canadian aircraft was available in the
European theater. In recent years, General Addy's office has continued
support by allowing Ms. Manon van der Horden to contribute to recent
Workshops as an international staff member.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Celsius Industrier has
been a much appreciated sponsor. Vice President Borje Johanson has not
only represented Sweden's Celsius Industrier in recent Workshops, but
undoubtedly helped expand the growing Scandinavian participation in the
Workshop series.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">With the encouragement of
its Defense Advisor, Vice Admiral The Hon Sir Nicholas Hill-Norton,
GEC-Marconi has been an associate sponsor of the Workshop for the past two
years. We appreciate the continuation of Sir Nicholas's active involvement
in the Workshop in this way--involvement which began before his retirement
from active military service.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">For many years, the
principal university sponsor of the Workshop has been the Georgia
Institute of Technology. Dr. Daniel Papp, Executive Assistant to the
President of Georgia Tech, represented the University while Brigadier
General James Allen represented the Georgia Tech Research Institute.
Georgia Tech's involvement is central to the concept of the Workshop as a
not-for-attribution forum that permits an informal and effective exchange
of ideas among Workshop speakers and participants about the
political-military decision policies and options of European security.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Mr. Robin Beard, Chairman
of Hughes Europe s.a.-n.v., Mr. John W. Snyder of Hughes, and Mr. W. R.
Frederick of Hughes Europe (now retired) have given us strong support.
Robin Beard was a leader in shaping industry policy as NATO's Assistant
Secretary General and has continued his active interest since joining
Hughes. Mr. John D. Largent has been our key point of contact at Hughes
Europe for several years. We are grateful for Hughes's sponsorship.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">From the Joint Chiefs of
Staff, Technical Director Mr. Vince Roske, who has inspired JCS
involvement in past NATO Workshops, participated for the first time in the
Prague Workshop. Colonel Stanley Gorenc, Director of the Studies Analysis
and Gaming Division (J?8), participated in the last three NATO Workshops.
Through their support, Lieutenant Colonel Ray Griggs participated in
Prague as a key staff member responsible for major Workshop events and
protocol.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Before his retirement as
Chief Executive Officer of Lockheed Martin, Mr. Norman Augustine actively
supported and agreed to sponsor the Prague XIVth Workshop. At Lockheed
Martin, we also appreciate the Workshop participation of its Vice
President Robert Trice, as well as Mr. Robert Clifford, President of
Lockheed Martin International (Central and Eastern Europe); Mr. E. Grady
Jordan, Lockheed Martin Vice President for Central Europe; and Mr. Bruce
Jackson of the corporate staff. Bruce Jackson has played a significant
leadership role in developing official U.S. government support for NATO
enlargement.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">At Matra Hautes
Technologie, Senior Vice President François Heisbourg has been a
valued representative of French industry on the Workshop Advisory Board.
We appreciate the sponsorship of Matra Hautes Technologies and the efforts
of François Heisbourg to bring together at the Prague Workshop a
session on Baltic security with presentations by foreign and defense
ministers of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Shortly after the Prague
Workshop, Boeing and McDonnell Douglas agreed to a merger which is now
complete. Mr. Fred Spivey of McDonnell Douglas was very helpful throughout
the year. He welcomed me warmly during my visits to Brussels as well as
coordinated McDonnell Douglas's sponsorship and participation, including
that of executives Mr. Stuart W. Thomson and General Richard D. Hearney
(who served as Assistant Commandant of the U.S. Marine Corps prior to his
recent retirement from active duty).</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Since the third Workshop
in Steyning, West Sussex, in the United Kingdom, Mr. John Quilty, MITRE's
Vice President and Washington C3I General Manager, has been an active
participant and a member of the Board of Advisors. The MITRE Corporation
is a nonprofit research organization chartered by the U.S. Congress to
support the Department of Defense in complex technical projects. MITRE's
contributions have brought a great deal to the Workshop in the past
decade.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">At Northrop-Grumman--which
is in the process of merging with Lockheed Martin--Corporate Vice
President William James has been warm and enthusiastic in his support for
the NATO Workshops, at which he has been one of the most experienced
industry participants. Northrop-Grumman International Vice President Harry
Pearce, who has recently joined the Workshop Advisory Board, and Mr.
Thomas Darcy, of Northrop-Grumman International Europe, have both
continued their contributions as active and effective advisors.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Like many in the defense
industry, Raytheon is growing through acquisitions. It has recently
acquired Hughes Aircraft, creating one of the largest U.S. defense
contractors. At Raytheon, we appreciate the support of Brigadier General
Robert Norman (Ret.). Like John Quilty, he has participated in the
Workshop series for more than a decade--since the third Workshop. We are
grateful for his participation as well as that of Mr. Albert G. Del
Checcolo.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Since the first Workshop
14 years ago, Director of Net Assessment Andrew Marshall has been a
principal advisor and sponsor. During that period, the Workshop has
evolved dramatically. Rebecca Bash of the Office of the Director of Net
Assessment has greatly smoothed the administration of our contract this
year, as always.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">In addition to Denmark's
Chief of Defense General Christian Hvidt and other official participants,
Denmark was represented by Major General Ole Fogh (Ret.) who attended
again this year as the representative of TERMA Elektronik AS.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">At United Technologies
Senior Vice President Robert Hermann is a member of the Workshop Advisory
Board. He is one of the very few Workshop participants and advisors who
came to the first Workshop 14 years ago. He arranged for United
Technologies to be represented by Mr. John B. McDonald, Director of
International Development for United Technologies, Pratt and Whitney
division.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Because of the Russian
Federation's importance to European security, we are grateful for the
participation of Ambassador Churkin, Colonel General Shevtsov and Mr.
Evgueni Kojokin, Director of Russia's Institute of Strategic Studies.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">The Workshop's
international staff members, including of course Minister Counselor Mike
Durkee as a senior policy advisor, was led with true wisdom and an
impressive display of leadership skill by Colonel Mark Morgan of SHAPE.
Especially during the last days before the Workshop, staff members were
called upon to work long hours under unusual stress. Everyone responded to
the challenge. Key members of this remarkable staff included Lieutenant
Colonel Ray Griggs of the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff; Mary Wu, J.D., a
recent graduate of Stanford Law School, who assisted the Workshop for the
second time; and Lieutenant Colonel Eugene Moseley (and his wife
Bobbie)--also with a multi-year history of contributions to the Workshop.
Monica Richmond worked so hard on the transportation coordination that we
are not sure she always had time to eat. Captain Jeff Malcolm as well as
Mr. Ulrik Ahnfeldt-Mollerup, Sergeant First Class Dana Davis, Sergeant
Paul Zinck, and SrA Rhonda Singletary also worked for long hours that
often approached those of Colonel Griggs. In addition, Anne Baylon,
Whitney Hischier, Kendra Thayer, and Caroline Baylon of the Center for
Strategic Decision Research were involved in our California offices in the
months of planning leading up to the Prague Workshop. Brigadier Harry
Brown (Ret.) provided helpful suggestions based on his work in SHAPE's
Policy Division. We also appreciate SHAPE's help in providing a Boeing
707-class aircraft that brought a large group of senior NATO officials and
military commanders from Brussels to Prague. Since several of those who
contributed to the Workshop staff including Bobbie Moseley and Ulrik
Ahnfeldt-Mollerup were volunteers, their efforts are doubly appreciated.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">The Prague
Inter-Continental Hotel, with its comfortable, modern rooms perfectly
located on the Vltava River near both Prague's Old Town and the Prague
Castle Workshop sessions, was home for the Workshop participants. The
Inter-Continental provided truly spectacular food at both Troja Castle and
a final dinner cruise aboard the river boat Vysehrad along Prague's Vltava
River. Everything about the Inter-Continental Hotel was
excellent--facilities, food, and service. And we especially enjoyed
working with Ivo Kares, Václav Starek, Miloslav Cernik, and the
entire hotel staff.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">At Strategic Decisions
Press, Anne Baylon put this book in final form for publication with the
help of her remarkable editorial consultants Carol Whiteley, who reviewed
each chapter, and Alice Kleeman, who did much of the word processing as
well as transcriptions from audio tapes when necessary. Jackie Baum was a
key administrative assistant, as well as an informal "office manager"
for several months. Scribner Graphic Press of Menlo Park printed the book
on its Heidelberg presses.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">We wish to thank all the
representatives of the sponsoring organizations and, of course, Czech
President Václav Havel and the Czech government for inviting the
Workshop to hold its XIVth meeting in Prague Castle--one of Europe's most
historic and beautiful monuments. Finally, we would also like to thank
Austrian Defense Minister Werner Fasslabend and the government of Austria
for inviting the XVth NATO Workshop to Vienna in 1998.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Menlo Park, California</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">October 1997</FONT></FONT>
</P>
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