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<TITLE>General George A. Joulwan</TITLE>
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<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+3">The
New NATO: The Way Ahead</FONT></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><FONT SIZE="+2">SACEUR
General George A. Joulwan</FONT></FONT></FONT></CENTER>
<CENTER>
<H4><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">OPENING REMARKS</FONT></FONT></B></H4>
</CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">His Excellency President
Havel has reminded us how vital the Czech Republic is to the security
structure that is evolving in Europe. As such, it is indeed appropriate
that we are holding the 14th NATO Workshop in the historic Prague Castle.
Prague has been a European social and cultural center since the ninth
century. And the castle has stood for almost 1,000 years as a symbol of
the Czech people's desire to live in peace and freedom.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Clearly, the people of
Prague have earned the reputation of champions for peace. In 1968, the "Prague
Spring" tried to create "socialism with a human face." The "Velvet
Revolution" in 1989 marked the peaceful transition to democracy from
communism. And in 1993, Czechoslovakia was peacefully divided into the
separate nations of the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Let me assure you
that the peaceful and democratic NATO nations value the friendship of the
Czech Republic and welcome this country as a true partner and a true
friend.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">As I have been in the
past, I am pleased to see so many distinguished participants who believe
this Workshop to be as important as I do. Gathered together are political
and military authorities from NATO and non-NATO nations alike. There are
presidents from NATO's Partner countries and chiefs of defense and senior
civilian officials from Alliance and Partner nations. We are also most
fortunate to have leaders of our defense industries who bring technology
and modernization potential to both NATO and Alliance Partners.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Clearly this Workshop
comes at a most appropriate time. It follows an experience of 18 months in
Bosnia, where NATO, Partner, and other non-NATO nations have been working
together in a real-world peace-support operation, putting theory into
practice. And very shortly NATO's political leaders will meet in Madrid
for what promises to be a truly historic Summit that will shape the
Alliance for the next millennium.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">This Workshop is also my
fourth, and last, as the SACEUR and CINCEUR. I would like to thank you all
for your support and friendship during the time I have held these
positions. The challenge during the last four years has been for NATO, and
its military arm, to keep pace with the dramatic security changes
occurring on the Continent. To that end, my prime goal has been to
continue the adaptation started by my predecessors at the end of the Cold
War. Our aim has been to create a new NATO, firmly committed to
adaptation, that could put into practice the initiatives of Partnership
for Peace, Combined Joint Task Force, counterproliferation, a special
relationship with Russia and Ukraine, enlargement, and the European
Security and Defense Identity.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">I believe we are now at a
defining moment in history. I also believe that the people gathered here
for this conference will play major roles in shaping the future--certainly
here in Europe. A recent poll of 13 European nations revealed that,
overall, Europeans' prime concern and the greatest international problem
is the threat of war. I know that NATO is the best hope to alleviate this
fear. For almost 50 years, NATO has maintained the peace, and as we
approach the 21st century, it is the best hope for continued peace and
stability in Europe.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">NATO's mission did not end
with the collapse of the Berlin Wall or the "Iron Curtain." The
objective never was simply the fall of that wall, but the consolidation of
democracy throughout Europe. In June 1997 we celebrated the 50th
anniversary of the Marshall Plan and George Marshall's vision for the
reconstruction of Europe after World War II. We are now at a time in
history in which it is possible to realize Marshall's dream. Truly, the
flame of democracy in Europe--the hope for millions of people--burns
brighter now than it did at any other time during this century.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER>
<H4><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">THE INITIATIVES OF
THE NEW NATO</FONT></FONT></B></H4></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">The initiatives I
mentioned earlier--PFP, CJTF, counterproliferation, adaptation,
enlargement and special relationship with Russia and Ukraine--are shaping
the new NATO to keep the flame of democracy alive. They are also the
ingredients of the new NATO's conflict-prevention strategy. Let me
elaborate.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><I>Partnership for Peace.</I>
The Partnership for Peace program has made truly extraordinary progress
since its inception, and is clearly a huge success. Under NATO's military
cooperation program, 27 nations have joined PFP. And most of those
nations--the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, Austria, Sweden,
and many more--now have liaison officers at my Headquarters in Mons.
Forty-three flags fly at the entranceway to the Partnership Building--not
16 NATO nations on one side and 27 on the other--but 43 flags arranged
alphabetically from Albania to Uzbekistan. This is the new Europe; this is
the new NATO. This is the opportunity for the consolidation for democracy.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">To maximize NATO's ability
to interoperate with these new Partners, we have designed an engagement
strategy with PFP to develop common standards, common procedures, and a
common doctrine for conducting missions together--missions such as
humanitarian and peace-support operations. And the operative word here is
missions! The intent was to create conditions that would enable us to work
effectively with one another in future operations. For the past two years
NATO has conducted about 15 PFP exercises a year as well as hundreds of
other exercises, seminars, workshops, and other contacts with our new
Partners. Little did I realize in 1994 that the opportunity to put theory
into practice would come during NATO's peace-enforcement operation in
Bosnia.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><I>Combined Joint Task
Force. </I>CJTF is a unique concept developed to tailor a NATO
Headquarters that could be used for either a NATO or non-NATO crisis. The
Berlin Summit in June 1996 provided the political guidance for CJTF; two
of my major subordinate commands will conduct CJTF trials later in 1997.
CJTF is an exciting concept that allows for the inclusion of Partners in
our exercises and on our staffs. The European Security and Defense
Identity is also being developed in conjunction with CJTF to enable the
development of a headquarters for WEU or some other organization for which
only European troops would be deployed. More details need to be developed,
but we have learned a great deal from our experiences in Bosnia.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><I>Adaptation. </I>Internal
adaptation at SHAPE has been unprecedented. While Article 5, or collective
defense, is still our principal mission, SHAPE has been reorganized for
our first priority, which is now conflict prevention or crisis management.
During this reorganization, we have streamlined our structure. Allied
Command Europe went from four major subordinate commands or regions to
three; SHAPE and ACE lost over 25% of their manpower; a German four-star
officer took the place of an American chief-of-staff; a three-star Dutch
officer is now heading a Bi-MNC Combined and Joint Planning Staff; a
two-star Danish general is the head of the Partnership Coordination Cell
at Mons; and French and Spanish officers are embedded in SHAPE's
operations staff and on the planning staff--not just for liaison. In
addition, I have designated the Deputy SACEUR as my representative to the
WEU, the WEU Council has been to SHAPE, and I have addressed the WEU
Council in Brussels and the assembly in Paris. There is a great deal of
excitement at SHAPE as we provide strategic direction for operations in
Bosnia and continue to conduct exercises across the conflict spectrum.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><I>Special Relationship
with Russia.</I> SHAPE's special relationship with Russia has for me been
one of the bright spots in nearly four years of work and my tenure as
SACEUR. Since the beginning of NATO's mission to Bosnia, I have been
fortunate to have at my headquarters a deputy for Russian Forces in
Bosnia--Colonel General Shevtsov. Working together, we have built a true
relationship at Mons--indeed we have developed genuine trust and
friendship.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Today, Russian and
American soldiers are conducting joint patrols in Bosnia in the strategic
Posivina Corridor. These soldiers are exchanging logistics supplies and
building trust and confidence. Colonel General Shevtsov and I recently
visited these troops and saw very clearly that this trust and confidence
are taking root.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">We have also conducted
joint Lessons Learned seminars in St. Petersburg, Russia, and at the
Marshall Center in Germany. They, too, have been superb experiences.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Several Russian
representatives have also visited my headquarters in Mons, including
General Lebed, when he was Chief of the Russian National Security Council,
and most recently Mr. Yuri Baturin, Secretary of the Defense Council of
the Russian Federation. These representatives and I always have a great
exchange of views--frank, candid, and professional--and they have all been
very impressed with our partnership and cooperation strategy and with the
concept for use of Russian forces in Bosnia. Though these are small steps,
we are building on our relationship--one which will be so important to
peace and stability in Europe and which must be based on cooperation,
trust, and mutual respect, not on suspicion and fear.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Our emerging relationship
with Russia is an essential part of the Alliance's conflict-prevention
strategy. We have proven that our forces can operate together to ensure
peace and stability, and that must be the foundation on which to deepen
NATO-Russia cooperation. I firmly believe that our cooperation at SHAPE
and in Bosnia was instrumental in the creation of the NATO-Russia Founding
Act, which was signed in May 1997 in Paris. As NATO's Deputy Secretary
General said, "Political reality is finally catching up with the
progress you at SHAPE had already made." When the Act was signed,
President Yeltsin called the agreement "a victory for reason."
Our Secretary General added, "It is now time to give full life to the
document." Indeed, it <I>is</I> time to build on this important
relationship--not just for NATO and Russia, but for all the peoples of
Europe.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><I>Enlargement. </I>While
there is great interest in enlargement, enlargement is primarily a
political decision, not a military one. Issues will be worked out between
the sovereign states requesting membership and the 16 current NATO
members. I am convinced, however, that building on PFP we will be able to
develop military interoperability with the new nations once they are
announced. For certain, we will have unity of command, common
communications, integrated air defense, and the ability to train together.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><I>A Continuing Process.
</I>As you can see, NATO, SHAPE, and Allied Command Europe have definitely
adapted to the new security environment in Europe. But the process is not
complete. Soon our political leaders will meet in Madrid. At that Summit,
our leaders will set the course for NATO's continue adaptation.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Decisions will be made on
an enhanced Partnership for Peace; a new, more streamlined command
structure; continuing improved relations with Ukraine and Russia; and the
accession of nations that will be asked to join the Alliance.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER>
<H4><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">THE SUCCESS OF THE
OPERATION IN BOSNIA</FONT></FONT></B></H4></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">In Bosnia, all of the
initiatives I have just discussed have come together. There we have taken
the theory of those new initiatives and put them into practice--with good
results. I am certain that our political leaders will take what we have
learned in Bosnia and incorporate it into new political guidance.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">NATO's operation in
Bosnia--with Partners and friends--has been a complete military success.
The killing has stopped, and the opportunity for peace has never been
better. The Bosnia mission was the first operational mission in NATO's
history, and it proved that NATO's time-tested procedures and command and
control structure--developed over so many years--do indeed work.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">The original one-year IFOR
mission ended in December 1996. With the new Stabilization Force, we then
went from 60,000 to about 30,000 but we still have the same
requirements--500 heavy-weapons storage areas, 1,400 kilometers of
inter-entity boundary line--as well as the goal of providing a secure
environment to build on the success of IFOR. SFOR's specific mission is to
deter or prevent a resumption of hostilities, consolidate IFOR's
achievements, promote a climate conducive to peace, and provide selective
support to those civilian agencies charged with rebuilding the country.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">I want to personally thank
all of you whose nations have contributed troops or other support to
NATO's mission. The troops have performed magnificently. But we have paid
the price for our success in blood. Over 60 of my troops from many nations
have died; over 350 have been wounded. I ask you all to remember those
troops and to never forget their sacrifice.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<CENTER>
<H4><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">THE NEED FOR AN
ENHANCED TECHNOLOGY CAPABILITY</FONT></FONT></B></H4></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">I would like to reinforce
a point I have expressed at the last two Workshops to our friends from
industry who have joined us. Your role is unique and is important in
helping shape the new Europe and the new NATO. We need your ideas, your
imagination, and your energy. Although we speak of enlargement, NATO's
force structure continues to grow smaller. We must become more capable--at
both ends of the technology spectrum. Our operations in Bosnia demonstrate
the need for such an increased capability.</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">In the future, technology
must help us in our new missions with our new partners. Multinational
operations are clearly the way we will work. We therefore need the
capability for multinational communications, multinational logistics, and
multinational intelligence gathering and processing. As we test and put
into practice our CJTF concept with NATO and non-NATO nations, these
requirements will become more crucial. I ask you to work with us in
designing systems that are affordable, reliable, and that will provide the
Alliance and its Partners with the tools required for the 21st century.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER>
<H4><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">THE NEED FOR ADEQUATE
RESOURCES</FONT></FONT></B></H4></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">We also need all nations'
assistance to help stop the free fall in our force structure. The
requirements for the multinational forces of the future must be met with
adequate resources. Clearly, the forces I have been proud to command are
truly the best in the world. I ask that you provide the leadership in your
countries needed to secure the resources to keep them that way.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
<CENTER>
<H4><B><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">CONCLUDING REMARKS</FONT></FONT></B></H4></CENTER>
<P><FONT FACE="Palatino"><FONT COLOR="#000000">Let me conclude by
thanking His Excellency President Havel and the Czech government for their
hospitality and friendship. As I prepare to leave my post as the SACEUR, I
do so with great optimism about the future of our great Alliance and the
prospects for lasting peace in Europe. Together, we can continue to build
a new Alliance and a new Europe where hope, peace, freedom, and prosperity
are possible for all of our nations. And we can create a climate where the
dignity and worth of the individual are respected and protected. We can
build a Europe that will be better for our children and grandchildren.</FONT></FONT>
</P>
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