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<p align="center" class="style17">Table of Contents<br>
25th International Workshop - Rome '08</p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-preface.html">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>Weissinger-Baylon<br>Workshop Chairman<br></a>
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-overview.html">Workshop Chairman's Overview - Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon</a>
<a href="/2008book/joulwan.html">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>General George Joulwan<br>Former SACEUR</a>
<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part One<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/la-russa.html">Italian Defense Minister<br />
Ignazio La Russa
</a>
<a href="/2008book/browne.html">British Defense Minister<br />
The Rt Hon Des Browne
</a>
<a href="/2008book/gonul.html">Turkish Defense Minister<br />
Vecdi G�n�l
</a>
<a href="/2008book/di-paola.html">NATO Military Committee Chairman<br />
Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappata.html">Admiral Luciano Zappata<br />
Dep Supreme Allied
Commander Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/camporini.html">Italian Chief of Defense<br />
General Vincenzo Camporini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappa.html">Alenia Aeronautica Chairman<br />
Dr. Giorgio Zappa
</a>
<br>Part Two<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/baramidze.html">Georgian Vice Prime Minister<br />
Giorgi Baramidze
</a>
<a href="/2008book/chizhov.html">Russian Amb to EU<br />
Vladimir Chizhov
</a>
<br>Part Three<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/eldon.html">British Amb to NATO<br />
Stewart Eldon
</a>
<a href="/2008book/akram.html">Pakistan's Amb to U.N.<br />
Munir Akram
</a>
<a href="/2008book/de-la-sabliere.html">French Amb to Italy<br />
Jean-Marc de la Sabli�re
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tkeshelashvili.html">Georgian Foreign Minister<br />
Eka Tkeshelashvili
</a>
<a href="/2008book/stefanini.html">Italian Amb to NATO<br />
Stefano Stefanini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buzhinsky.html">Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br />
Russian Min of Defense
</a>
<a href="/2008book/winid.html">Polish Amb to NATO<br />
Boguslaw Winid
</a>
<br>Part Four<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/tegnelia.html">DTRA Director<br />
Dr. James Tegnelia
</a>
<a href="/2008book/rood.html">U.S. Under Sec of State<br />
John Rood
</a>
<a href="/2008book/joseph.html">Former Under Sec of State<br />
Amb Robert Joseph</a>
<a href="/2008book/berdennikov.html">Russian Amb-at-large<br />
Grigory V. Berdennikov
</a>
<a href="/2008book/benkert.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Defense<br />
Joseph Benkert
</a>
<a href="/2008book/flory.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Peter Flory
</a>
<a href="/2008book/sedivy.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Jiri Sedivy
</a>
<a href="/2008book/pfirter.html">OPCW Dir Gen<br />
Amb Rogelio Pfirter
</a>
<br>Part Five<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/lather.html">SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Karl-Heinz Lather
</a>
<a href="/2008book/fitzgerald.html">Admiral Mark. P. Fitzgerald
<br />
Allied Joint Force Command Naples
</a>
<a href="/2008book/ildem.html">Turkish Amb to NATO<br />
Tacan Ildem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schuwirth.html">Fmr SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Rainer Schuwirth
</a>
<a href="/2008book/acosta.html">Global Impact CEO<br />
Ms. Renee Acosta
</a>
<a href="/2008book/soligan.html">Lt Gen James Soligan<br />
Allied Command-Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bagnall.html">Former UK Vice Chief of Defense Staff<br />
ACM Sir Anthony Bagnall
</a>
<br>Part Six
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/volkman.html">U.S. Dir of Internat. Coop.<br />
Alfred Volkman
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tozzi.html">Major General Claudio Tozzi<br />
Italian Defense Ministry
</a>
<a href="/2008book/homberg.html">EADS Senior Vice Pres<br />
Thomas Homberg
</a>
<a href="/2008book/shephard.html">Northrop Grumman VP<br />
Mr. Timothy Shephard
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buckley.html">Thales Senior VP<br />
Dr. Edgar Buckley
</a>
<a href="/2008book/harris.html">Lockheed Martin Global Pres.<br />
Dr. Scott A. Harris
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schneider.html">AFCEA CEO<br />
Kent Schneider
</a>
<a href="/2008book/patterson.html">Mr. David Patterson<br />
Univ of Tennessee
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part Seven
<p align="center" class="style17" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
<a href="/2008book/grimes.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Def<br />
Hon. John G. Grimes
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lentz.html">U.S. Dep Asst Sec of Def<br />
Robert Lentz
</a>
<a href="/2008book/aaviksoo.html">Estonian Defense Minister<br />
Jaak Aaviksoo
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bloechl.html">Microsoft, Managing Dir.<br />
Tim Bloechl
</a>
<a href="/2008book/wolf.html">Lt Gen Ulrich Wolf<br />
NATO CIS Service Agency Dir
</a>
<a href="/2008book/monteforte.html">Italian Milrep to NATO<br />
Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lintonen.html">Finnish Amb to UN<br />
Kirsti Lintonen
</a>
<a href="/2008book/silvestri.html">Dr. Stefano Silvestri<br />
Istituto Affari Internazionali
</a>
<a href="/2008book/yousfi.html">Algerian Amb to UN<br />
Youcef Yousfi
</a>
<a href="/2008book/karem.html">Egyptian Amb to EU<br />
Mahmoud Karem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tarasyuk.html">Former Ukrainian Foreign Minister<br />
Borys Tarasyuk
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="story">
<h2 class="workshop_year">Rome '08 Workshop</h2>
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="Main Content" -->
<h1>
NATO and Cyber-Defense </h1>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 0;">
Lieutenant General Ulrich Wolf</h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;">NATO CIS Service Agency Director </h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0;"><img src="images/wolf.jpg" alt="Lieutenant General Ulrich Wolf" width="114" height="139"></h2>
<p style="margin-bottom: 0;"> </p>
<p style="margin-top: 0;">
At the last International Workshop in Paris, I recommended an open, politically
driven discussion and an in-depth threat assessment to support a common,
realistic understanding of the cyber-defense situation. The aim was the
development of a comprehensive strategy. We needed an effective multiorganizational
and multinational defense capability. Since that time, NATO has moved forward
on this work and achieved major progress. </p>
<h2>NCSA OPERATIONS </h2>
<p>
My organization, the NATO Communication and Information Systems Services
Agency (NCSA), has been in the driver’s seat in improving NATO’s operational
capabilities in cyber-defense. We have also supported activities on the
strategic and political levels. </p>
<p>
The role of NCSA is to “ensure the provision of secure end-to-end information
exchange services and information processing services required for NATO
consultation, command and control using fielded communication and information
systems in the most cost-effective manner.” These services are provided
to over 100,000 users in North America, Europe, and Asia, in operational
field situations as well as in many static headquarters and the mobile
situations between them. NCSA supports six current operations, ranging
from Afghanistan and Iraq to the Balkans and the maritime counter-terrorism
operation in the Adriatic. We support 10 different security levels of communication
and information systems (CISs)—some of which are interconnected—that have
distinct user populations. In short, we have a fairly complex cyber-environment. </p>
<p>
My agency is also involved in a seventh operation. Although largely unpublicized,
every minute of every day we conduct an operation to defend NATO’s critical
CIS infrastructure, protecting borders that are often obscure against threats
that are asymmetric, dangerous, and constant. As the director of NCSA,
I am the commander of NATO’s cyber-defense operations. </p>
<h2>NATO AND CYBER-DEFENSE </h2>
<p>
After September 11, nations and organizations seriously began to consider
protecting their critical communication and information systems infrastructure.
NATO was one of them. In 2002, at the Prague Summit, our heads of state
endorsed a formal Cyber-Defense Program. This three-phased program aimed
to field a more coordinated and technologically modern defense of our networks
and to further expand capabilities in subsequent phases. The first phase,
which has been completed, enabled NATO’s Computer Incident Response capability
and saw the installation of intrusion detection systems on our networks. </p>
<p>
Then, in 2007, we witnessed the distributed denial of service attacks against
the communication and information systems infrastructure of Estonia, a
NATO member-nation. NATO nations needed to be assured that our networks
would be successfully defended in a similar situation. So NCSA was tasked
to conduct a security assessment of NATO’s infrastructure. Our report was
used as the basis for continuing work in the area of NATO cyber-defense.
In April 2008, the following statement was included in the Bucharest Summit
Declaration, which was issued by the heads of state and government participating
in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council: </p>
<P ALIGN="LEFT">
“NATO remains committed to strengthening key Alliance information systems
against cyber-attacks. We have recently adopted a Policy on Cyber-Defense,
and are developing the structures and authorities to carry it out. Our
Policy on Cyber- Defense emphasizes the need for NATO and nations to protect
key information systems in accordance with their respective responsibilities;
share best practices; and provide a capability to assist Allied nations,
upon request, to counter a cyber- attack. We look forward to continuing
the development of NATO’s cyber-defense capabilities and strengthening
the linkages between NATO and national authorities.” </P>
<p>
We realize that our infrastructure within NATO crosses traditional boundaries,
and that what happens on one part of this linked network can very quickly
affect another, with potentially catastrophic results. So any true defense
must involve all of the major NATO stakeholders, from the political leadership
to the military commands and the communication and information systems
service provider. </p>
<p>
This new organization is the NATO Cyber-Defense Management Authority (CDMA).
The CDMA’s primary mission is to review and coordinate NATO’s cyber-defense
capabilities, addressing in particular the cyber-threat to NATO, security
risk management, vulnerability and assessment and business continuity with
respect to communication and information systems that are critical to the
functioning of the Alliance. The NATO CDMA has sole responsibility to act
as a NATO-wide cyber-defense management authority and to initiate and coordinate
immediate and effective cyber-defense action where appropriate. For the
first time, the Alliance is addressing cyber-defense from a truly corporate
perspective. </p>
<p>
But there is no silver-bullet solution to cyber-defense, and we realize
that there is no such thing as total security. However, NATO’s work in
modernizing its cyber-defense has been very successful so far, from the
agreements and endorsements at the political level to the formation of
strong and coordinated management structures through to the deployment
of modern and effective operational defenses. Much of this, particularly
at the front line of our cyber-defenses, has been achieved with the help
of strong and effective partnerships with industry. </p>
<p>
Such partnerships with our member-nations’ cyber-defense capabilities are
key to successful defense. For many years, NATO has survived on the tenet
of “collective defense,” which has never been more necessary than in today’s
globally connected world. Cooperation and sharing of information is critical
for our collective effort. Within the Alliance, we strive to share information
and learn best practices from each other. It makes me very proud that many
of our nations have consulted my agency so that they can learn from and
emulate our NATO Computer Incident Response capability. </p>
<h2>CONCLUDING REMARKS </h2>
<p>
To conclude, I would like to mention another indication of NATO’s commitment
to cyber- defense: The formation of the Center of Excellence for Cooperative
Cyber-Defense (COE-CCD) in Tallinn, Estonia. The COE-CCD aims to further
enhance NATO’s cyber-defense capabilities with its highly specialized staffs,
all of whom are voluntarily contributed by member-states. </p>
<p>
I would also like to say that political interest in cyber-defense was triggered
by September 11 and the events in Estonia in 2007. But we need to keep
this interest alive in times without a major cyber-attack. The danger to
our societies is too serious to leave it only in the hands of technical
experts. </p>
<p>
</p>
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