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<p align="center" class="style17">Table of Contents<br>
25th International Workshop - Rome '08</p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-preface.html">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>Weissinger-Baylon<br>Workshop Chairman<br></a>
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-overview.html">Workshop Chairman's Overview - Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon</a>
<a href="/2008book/joulwan.html">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>General George Joulwan<br>Former SACEUR</a>
<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part One<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/la-russa.html">Italian Defense Minister<br />
Ignazio La Russa
</a>
<a href="/2008book/browne.html">British Defense Minister<br />
The Rt Hon Des Browne
</a>
<a href="/2008book/gonul.html">Turkish Defense Minister<br />
Vecdi G�n�l
</a>
<a href="/2008book/di-paola.html">NATO Military Committee Chairman<br />
Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappata.html">Admiral Luciano Zappata<br />
Dep Supreme Allied
Commander Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/camporini.html">Italian Chief of Defense<br />
General Vincenzo Camporini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappa.html">Alenia Aeronautica Chairman<br />
Dr. Giorgio Zappa
</a>
<br>Part Two<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/baramidze.html">Georgian Vice Prime Minister<br />
Giorgi Baramidze
</a>
<a href="/2008book/chizhov.html">Russian Amb to EU<br />
Vladimir Chizhov
</a>
<br>Part Three<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/eldon.html">British Amb to NATO<br />
Stewart Eldon
</a>
<a href="/2008book/akram.html">Pakistan's Amb to U.N.<br />
Munir Akram
</a>
<a href="/2008book/de-la-sabliere.html">French Amb to Italy<br />
Jean-Marc de la Sabli�re
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tkeshelashvili.html">Georgian Foreign Minister<br />
Eka Tkeshelashvili
</a>
<a href="/2008book/stefanini.html">Italian Amb to NATO<br />
Stefano Stefanini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buzhinsky.html">Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br />
Russian Min of Defense
</a>
<a href="/2008book/winid.html">Polish Amb to NATO<br />
Boguslaw Winid
</a>
<br>Part Four<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/tegnelia.html">DTRA Director<br />
Dr. James Tegnelia
</a>
<a href="/2008book/rood.html">U.S. Under Sec of State<br />
John Rood
</a>
<a href="/2008book/joseph.html">Former Under Sec of State<br />
Amb Robert Joseph</a>
<a href="/2008book/berdennikov.html">Russian Amb-at-large<br />
Grigory V. Berdennikov
</a>
<a href="/2008book/benkert.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Defense<br />
Joseph Benkert
</a>
<a href="/2008book/flory.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Peter Flory
</a>
<a href="/2008book/sedivy.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Jiri Sedivy
</a>
<a href="/2008book/pfirter.html">OPCW Dir Gen<br />
Amb Rogelio Pfirter
</a>
<br>Part Five<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/lather.html">SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Karl-Heinz Lather
</a>
<a href="/2008book/fitzgerald.html">Admiral Mark. P. Fitzgerald
<br />
Allied Joint Force Command Naples
</a>
<a href="/2008book/ildem.html">Turkish Amb to NATO<br />
Tacan Ildem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schuwirth.html">Fmr SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Rainer Schuwirth
</a>
<a href="/2008book/acosta.html">Global Impact CEO<br />
Ms. Renee Acosta
</a>
<a href="/2008book/soligan.html">Lt Gen James Soligan<br />
Allied Command-Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bagnall.html">Former UK Vice Chief of Defense Staff<br />
ACM Sir Anthony Bagnall
</a>
<br>Part Six
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/volkman.html">U.S. Dir of Internat. Coop.<br />
Alfred Volkman
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tozzi.html">Major General Claudio Tozzi<br />
Italian Defense Ministry
</a>
<a href="/2008book/homberg.html">EADS Senior Vice Pres<br />
Thomas Homberg
</a>
<a href="/2008book/shephard.html">Northrop Grumman VP<br />
Mr. Timothy Shephard
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buckley.html">Thales Senior VP<br />
Dr. Edgar Buckley
</a>
<a href="/2008book/harris.html">Lockheed Martin Global Pres.<br />
Dr. Scott A. Harris
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schneider.html">AFCEA CEO<br />
Kent Schneider
</a>
<a href="/2008book/patterson.html">Mr. David Patterson<br />
Univ of Tennessee
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part Seven
<p align="center" class="style17" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
<a href="/2008book/grimes.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Def<br />
Hon. John G. Grimes
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lentz.html">U.S. Dep Asst Sec of Def<br />
Robert Lentz
</a>
<a href="/2008book/aaviksoo.html">Estonian Defense Minister<br />
Jaak Aaviksoo
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bloechl.html">Microsoft, Managing Dir.<br />
Tim Bloechl
</a>
<a href="/2008book/wolf.html">Lt Gen Ulrich Wolf<br />
NATO CIS Service Agency Dir
</a>
<a href="/2008book/monteforte.html">Italian Milrep to NATO<br />
Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lintonen.html">Finnish Amb to UN<br />
Kirsti Lintonen
</a>
<a href="/2008book/silvestri.html">Dr. Stefano Silvestri<br />
Istituto Affari Internazionali
</a>
<a href="/2008book/yousfi.html">Algerian Amb to UN<br />
Youcef Yousfi
</a>
<a href="/2008book/karem.html">Egyptian Amb to EU<br />
Mahmoud Karem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tarasyuk.html">Former Ukrainian Foreign Minister<br />
Borys Tarasyuk
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
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<h2 class="workshop_year">Rome '08 Workshop</h2>
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="Main Content" -->
<h1>
The Challenges of Using our
Defense Industrial Base Effectively </h1>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 0;">
Mr. Alfred Volkman</h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;">U.S. Director of International Cooperation<B> </B></h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><img src="images/volkman.jpg" alt="Mr. Alfred Volkman" width="228" height="278"></h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0;">OPENING REMARKS </h2>
<p>
I would like to welcome you to the panel on the relationship between governments
and defense industries in a global industrial base. To set the scene, Roger
Weissinger-Baylon has made this a workshop on global security for many
years. Of course, the one thought that always comes to my mind when I participate
in these workshops is that they might better be called workshops on global
<I>in</I>security, because, after you listen to a day and a half or two days of
presentations, you might have a gloomy view of our future in the world,
and probably with some reason. Fortunately, pleasant people always attend
the workshops, we always have wonderful cultural experiences, and we always
have warm experiences. So we do not need to be quite so gloomy. </p>
<p>
However, there are a lot of reasons for having a sense of insecurity. In
addition to what we think of as traditional global threats posed by nation-states,
we also have to be concerned these days about the threats from terrorists,
energy costs and shortages, climate change, unchecked immigration, and
economic uncertainty. And those are just a few of the things that have
been mentioned during the conference. </p>
<h2>THE CHALLENGES OF EFFECTIVELY USING OUR DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE CAPABILITIES </h2>
<p>
This distinguished panel is going to discuss what may be a more pleasant
topic—the global defense industrial base, which I believe is strong, innovative,
and capable of providing us with the equipment and technology that will
permit us to defeat our adversaries, whoever they may be. The challenge,
however, is how to effectively use this existing, enormous industrial and
technological capability. I think it will become evident during the discussion
that we can do a lot better job of using our industrial resources. But
there are many issues that governments and industry must address if we
are to effectively equip our warfighters and, as General Joulwan would
be the first to say, that is what this is all about. It is about our warfighters,
and making sure that they can do their job. </p>
<p>
As several speakers have mentioned, we have scarce resources. There is
never enough money, and we now seem to be entering a time of economic hardship
and economic decline. For example, recently the <I>Wall Street Journal</I> said
that the public debt in Italy exceeds 100% of the annual gross national
product, and that is not picking on Italy; in the United States we are
also experiencing some economic difficulties. So it is reasonable to expect
that the resources that are available for defense will be challenged. What
do we do about that? Politicians want jobs for their constituents, military
men want military capability, politicians and government administrators
also want to keep constraining the costs that are associated with equipping
our forces and with defending our national security. In NATO, for instance,
we have been trying for over 10 years to get a ground surveillance capability.
I would contend that this is because we cannot strike the right balance
among industrial participation by nations, military capability, and the
cost that is required to provide this kind of capability—a problem we need
to address. </p>
<p>
Most nations are now actively engaged in a war against terrorists, but
many nations believe that they also must be prepared to fight conventional
wars against nation-states. How do we balance the resources that we have
to wage the battle against terrorism, the long war that we will be fighting
against terrorist threats, with the legitimate need to think about how
we must defend ourselves in a more conventional war against traditional
nation-states? You could argue that this has been on the front page of
papers in the United States lately because, frankly, it cost my friend
and former boss Secretary of the Air Force Mike Wynne his job because of
a disagreement he and Mr. Gates had over the exact direction we should
go in this regard. As a matter of fact, Mr. Wynne told me once that he
had a personality conflict with his boss, and he said that when that is
the case, your boss has the personality and you have the conflict! (That
is my one joke!) </p>
<p>
Another question we must ask is, What industrial capability must governments
maintain within their borders and for what else can they rely on the global
industrial base? I know that the United Kingdom has been struggling for
several years with defense industrial policy, though my U.K. colleagues
may disagree with the word “struggling.” But it is a difficult area that
requires a lot of thought, and, no matter what you decide, someone is going
to be unhappy about your decision. We have here a distinguished panel of
industrialists and government officials to discuss some of the issues I
have just raised. </p>
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