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<p align="center" class="style17">Table of Contents<br>
25th International Workshop - Rome '08</p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-preface.html">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>Weissinger-Baylon<br>Workshop Chairman<br></a>
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-overview.html">Workshop Chairman's Overview - Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon</a>
<a href="/2008book/joulwan.html">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>General George Joulwan<br>Former SACEUR</a>
<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part One<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/la-russa.html">Italian Defense Minister<br />
Ignazio La Russa
</a>
<a href="/2008book/browne.html">British Defense Minister<br />
The Rt Hon Des Browne
</a>
<a href="/2008book/gonul.html">Turkish Defense Minister<br />
Vecdi G�n�l
</a>
<a href="/2008book/di-paola.html">NATO Military Committee Chairman<br />
Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappata.html">Admiral Luciano Zappata<br />
Dep Supreme Allied
Commander Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/camporini.html">Italian Chief of Defense<br />
General Vincenzo Camporini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappa.html">Alenia Aeronautica Chairman<br />
Dr. Giorgio Zappa
</a>
<br>Part Two<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/baramidze.html">Georgian Vice Prime Minister<br />
Giorgi Baramidze
</a>
<a href="/2008book/chizhov.html">Russian Amb to EU<br />
Vladimir Chizhov
</a>
<br>Part Three<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/eldon.html">British Amb to NATO<br />
Stewart Eldon
</a>
<a href="/2008book/akram.html">Pakistan's Amb to U.N.<br />
Munir Akram
</a>
<a href="/2008book/de-la-sabliere.html">French Amb to Italy<br />
Jean-Marc de la Sabli�re
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tkeshelashvili.html">Georgian Foreign Minister<br />
Eka Tkeshelashvili
</a>
<a href="/2008book/stefanini.html">Italian Amb to NATO<br />
Stefano Stefanini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buzhinsky.html">Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br />
Russian Min of Defense
</a>
<a href="/2008book/winid.html">Polish Amb to NATO<br />
Boguslaw Winid
</a>
<br>Part Four<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/tegnelia.html">DTRA Director<br />
Dr. James Tegnelia
</a>
<a href="/2008book/rood.html">U.S. Under Sec of State<br />
John Rood
</a>
<a href="/2008book/joseph.html">Former Under Sec of State<br />
Amb Robert Joseph</a>
<a href="/2008book/berdennikov.html">Russian Amb-at-large<br />
Grigory V. Berdennikov
</a>
<a href="/2008book/benkert.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Defense<br />
Joseph Benkert
</a>
<a href="/2008book/flory.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Peter Flory
</a>
<a href="/2008book/sedivy.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Jiri Sedivy
</a>
<a href="/2008book/pfirter.html">OPCW Dir Gen<br />
Amb Rogelio Pfirter
</a>
<br>Part Five<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/lather.html">SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Karl-Heinz Lather
</a>
<a href="/2008book/fitzgerald.html">Admiral Mark. P. Fitzgerald
<br />
Allied Joint Force Command Naples
</a>
<a href="/2008book/ildem.html">Turkish Amb to NATO<br />
Tacan Ildem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schuwirth.html">Fmr SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Rainer Schuwirth
</a>
<a href="/2008book/acosta.html">Global Impact CEO<br />
Ms. Renee Acosta
</a>
<a href="/2008book/soligan.html">Lt Gen James Soligan<br />
Allied Command-Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bagnall.html">Former UK Vice Chief of Defense Staff<br />
ACM Sir Anthony Bagnall
</a>
<br>Part Six
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/volkman.html">U.S. Dir of Internat. Coop.<br />
Alfred Volkman
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tozzi.html">Major General Claudio Tozzi<br />
Italian Defense Ministry
</a>
<a href="/2008book/homberg.html">EADS Senior Vice Pres<br />
Thomas Homberg
</a>
<a href="/2008book/shephard.html">Northrop Grumman VP<br />
Mr. Timothy Shephard
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buckley.html">Thales Senior VP<br />
Dr. Edgar Buckley
</a>
<a href="/2008book/harris.html">Lockheed Martin Global Pres.<br />
Dr. Scott A. Harris
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schneider.html">AFCEA CEO<br />
Kent Schneider
</a>
<a href="/2008book/patterson.html">Mr. David Patterson<br />
Univ of Tennessee
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part Seven
<p align="center" class="style17" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
<a href="/2008book/grimes.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Def<br />
Hon. John G. Grimes
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lentz.html">U.S. Dep Asst Sec of Def<br />
Robert Lentz
</a>
<a href="/2008book/aaviksoo.html">Estonian Defense Minister<br />
Jaak Aaviksoo
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bloechl.html">Microsoft, Managing Dir.<br />
Tim Bloechl
</a>
<a href="/2008book/wolf.html">Lt Gen Ulrich Wolf<br />
NATO CIS Service Agency Dir
</a>
<a href="/2008book/monteforte.html">Italian Milrep to NATO<br />
Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lintonen.html">Finnish Amb to UN<br />
Kirsti Lintonen
</a>
<a href="/2008book/silvestri.html">Dr. Stefano Silvestri<br />
Istituto Affari Internazionali
</a>
<a href="/2008book/yousfi.html">Algerian Amb to UN<br />
Youcef Yousfi
</a>
<a href="/2008book/karem.html">Egyptian Amb to EU<br />
Mahmoud Karem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tarasyuk.html">Former Ukrainian Foreign Minister<br />
Borys Tarasyuk
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
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<h2 class="workshop_year">Rome '08 Workshop</h2>
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="Main Content" -->
<h1>
Finding Operational Solutions: Italy's Approach </h1>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 0;">
Major General Claudio Tozzi</h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;">Italian Defense Ministry </h2>
<p align="center" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><img src="images/tozzi.jpg" alt="Major General Claudio Tozzi" width="99" height="115"></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0;">
The European integration process is leading to a significant increase in
intergovernmental cooperation programs, ranging from R&D to production
to the creation of transnational defense companies. European enterprises
are losing their national identity. This is driving European governments
to reinforce their cooperation in the fields of procurement, research,
market rules, and exports—all matters that are dealt with in environments
such as LOI, OCCAR, and the European Defense Agency. Although the Europeans’
assumption of greater responsibilities in maintaining peace and sharing
relative costs is viewed very favorably, worries arising from global competition
are still a constraint. This prevents the improvement of cooperative initiatives
between the U.S. and EU, which in the foreseeable future will remain the
two main actors in the fields of technology and international programs. </p>
<h2>ITALY’S COMMITMENT TO FINDING OPERATIONAL SOLUTIONS </h2>
<p>
In recent years, Italy has been strongly committed to finding operational
solutions for promoting a more balanced situation between the parties involved
and for allowing greater possibilities for cooperation with the U.S. in
the armaments field. Within the framework of the Declaration of Principles,
significant agreement on supply security has been achieved. This has led
to a way to regulate priorities for defense orders whenever national interests
require prioritization, through a system based on voluntary commitment
to a code of conduct. Agreements like this have contributed towards creating
an environment of greater reciprocal trust, which should lead to further
developments in the armaments sector, such as the adoption of an initial
fast-track procedure to speed up ITAR authorizations, which could lead
to exemption from ITAR regulations altogether. </p>
<p>
Italy encourages an innovative approach to multi-partnership programs.
For example, the E5 program should be used as a natural platform from which
to experiment and reinforce the possibility of greater future cooperation
at the governmental and industrial level. On the basis of lessons learned
and the experience acquired through system development and demonstration,
we believe that an innovative approach will enable the possibility of having
future program phases, such as production support and development. </p>
<h2>THE NEED FOR CHANGE IN THE EXPORT-CONTROL SYSTEM </h2>
<p>
However, some changes could be made to the export control system. The traditional
U.S. approach has been to have just one American military component in
the system and to require authorization by the American government before
the component can be reexported. This approach results in the involvement
of all component-supply nations and political responsibility for exports
to third-party nations. However, significant progress in this sector has
been seen in the DOD’s consideration of simplifying the license-granting
process for exports for countries deemed reliable, rather than continuing
case-by-case assessment, with its unacceptably long lead times. </p>
<p>
A far more significant step forward in relations between the U.S. and some
selected Western countries can be seen in the defense trade cooperation
treaties signed in 2007. These treaties, currently in Congress’s ratification
phase, will make it easier to trade military items by eliminating the need
for most of the export licenses that companies now must obtain before they
can sell to foreign buyers. In practice, instead of requiring a license
for each transaction, the treaties create approved communities of companies
that can freely buy and sell most military items under certain circumstances.
Eliminating the need for most export licenses will also increase joint
research, development, and production of defense equipment and expedite
delivery of critical warfighting equipment, thus providing greater and
lower-cost access to world-class cutting-edge technologies in the U.S.,
the U.K., and Australia, much to taxpayers’ benefit. </p>
<p>
We fully recognize the primary need to prevent equipment from going to
potential adversaries, but opening U.S. export control policy could deeply
benefit the armed forces, which could be far more integrated and interoperable
than they are today. As a matter of fact, treaties such as those mentioned
will enable defense establishments to achieve fully interoperable forces
and to leverage the strength of defense industries in support of the armed
forces. This cooperation will benefit operational defense capabilities
by improving the interoperability of equipment and systems for forces who
must be able to fight not only in traditional battlefield situations but
also when they are faced by asymmetric threats such as improvised explosive
devices. By removing barriers to communication and collaboration between
the armed forces and defense industries, it will be much easier to counter
such threats. </p>
<p>
Such new arrangements will help to maintain the strength of the respective
defense industries by taking advantage of highly developed technical expertise.
For example, as a consequence of the U.S. acquiring important European
products, such as the Joint Cargo Aircraft, for both the U.S. army and
the air force, the defense treaty community would be expanded to other
European countries such as Italy and France and, later, to the whole of
Europe. The ongoing process of developing a fully integrated European defense
equipment market, in my opinion, is an excellent way to improve transatlantic
collaboration, not based on bilateral agreements but on bi-continental
cooperation between the EU and the U.S. </p>
<h2>RETAINING CAPABILITIES WHILE INCREASING COLLABORATION </h2>
<p>
The above, in my view, is the real challenge that in the short to medium
term must be faced by our governments. But it is my wish that we consider
this challenge more as an opportunity rather than as a risk, because a
fully fledged transatlantic market could improve the efficiency of the
American market as a consequence of increasing competition. Therefore a
good solution for the European side is to retain its own key industrial
capabilities while at the same time increasing industrial collaboration
among its own companies, in order to create a stronger European DTIB in
a more and more transparent defense equipment market. In the meantime,
it should be very fruitful to foster cooperation with the U.S. in order
to develop international programs in common technologies. Renewing such
relations between the two shores could be accomplished through the aforementioned
multilateral defense cooperation tools OCCAR, the European Defense Agency,
and LOI, which have proven their reliability on several occasions. </p>
<p>
As for the decline in defense budgets, the way out is rather clear. We
need to work better together and to pool our research, technology, and
know-how in order to spend our resources in an intelligent way. The key
is to encourage all programs that are run in cooperation with other member-nations
and to support collaboration between companies. Such behavior will also
contribute to avoiding unnecessary competition and will give new impetus
to developing common capabilities. </p>
<h2>CONCLUDING REMARKS </h2>
<p>
Every operational solution aimed at balancing responsibilities and duties
between European countries and the United States will contribute towards
eliminating the obstacles on the road. It will also help to create an efficient
defense market and to reinforce the strategic raison d’être of our transatlantic
alliance. </p>
<p>
<B></p>
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