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<p align="center" class="style17">Table of Contents<br>
25th International Workshop - Rome '08</p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-preface.html">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>Weissinger-Baylon<br>Workshop Chairman<br></a>
<a href="/2008book/weissinger-overview.html">Workshop Chairman's Overview - Dr. Roger Weissinger-Baylon</a>
<a href="/2008book/joulwan.html">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>General George Joulwan<br>Former SACEUR</a>
<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part One<p>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/la-russa.html">Italian Defense Minister<br />
Ignazio La Russa
</a>
<a href="/2008book/browne.html">British Defense Minister<br />
The Rt Hon Des Browne
</a>
<a href="/2008book/gonul.html">Turkish Defense Minister<br />
Vecdi G�n�l
</a>
<a href="/2008book/di-paola.html">NATO Military Committee Chairman<br />
Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappata.html">Admiral Luciano Zappata<br />
Dep Supreme Allied
Commander Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/camporini.html">Italian Chief of Defense<br />
General Vincenzo Camporini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/zappa.html">Alenia Aeronautica Chairman<br />
Dr. Giorgio Zappa
</a>
<br>Part Two<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/baramidze.html">Georgian Vice Prime Minister<br />
Giorgi Baramidze
</a>
<a href="/2008book/chizhov.html">Russian Amb to EU<br />
Vladimir Chizhov
</a>
<br>Part Three<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/eldon.html">British Amb to NATO<br />
Stewart Eldon
</a>
<a href="/2008book/akram.html">Pakistan's Amb to U.N.<br />
Munir Akram
</a>
<a href="/2008book/de-la-sabliere.html">French Amb to Italy<br />
Jean-Marc de la Sabli�re
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tkeshelashvili.html">Georgian Foreign Minister<br />
Eka Tkeshelashvili
</a>
<a href="/2008book/stefanini.html">Italian Amb to NATO<br />
Stefano Stefanini
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buzhinsky.html">Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br />
Russian Min of Defense
</a>
<a href="/2008book/winid.html">Polish Amb to NATO<br />
Boguslaw Winid
</a>
<br>Part Four<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/tegnelia.html">DTRA Director<br />
Dr. James Tegnelia
</a>
<a href="/2008book/rood.html">U.S. Under Sec of State<br />
John Rood
</a>
<a href="/2008book/joseph.html">Former Under Sec of State<br />
Amb Robert Joseph</a>
<a href="/2008book/berdennikov.html">Russian Amb-at-large<br />
Grigory V. Berdennikov
</a>
<a href="/2008book/benkert.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Defense<br />
Joseph Benkert
</a>
<a href="/2008book/flory.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Peter Flory
</a>
<a href="/2008book/sedivy.html">NATO Asst Sec Gen<br />
Jiri Sedivy
</a>
<a href="/2008book/pfirter.html">OPCW Dir Gen<br />
Amb Rogelio Pfirter
</a>
<br>Part Five<br>
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/lather.html">SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Karl-Heinz Lather
</a>
<a href="/2008book/fitzgerald.html">Admiral Mark. P. Fitzgerald
<br />
Allied Joint Force Command Naples
</a>
<a href="/2008book/ildem.html">Turkish Amb to NATO<br />
Tacan Ildem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schuwirth.html">Fmr SHAPE Chief of Staff<br />
General Rainer Schuwirth
</a>
<a href="/2008book/acosta.html">Global Impact CEO<br />
Ms. Renee Acosta
</a>
<a href="/2008book/soligan.html">Lt Gen James Soligan<br />
Allied Command-Transformation
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bagnall.html">Former UK Vice Chief of Defense Staff<br />
ACM Sir Anthony Bagnall
</a>
<br>Part Six
<p align="center" class="style17">
<a href="/2008book/volkman.html">U.S. Dir of Internat. Coop.<br />
Alfred Volkman
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tozzi.html">Major General Claudio Tozzi<br />
Italian Defense Ministry
</a>
<a href="/2008book/homberg.html">EADS Senior Vice Pres<br />
Thomas Homberg
</a>
<a href="/2008book/shephard.html">Northrop Grumman VP<br />
Mr. Timothy Shephard
</a>
<a href="/2008book/buckley.html">Thales Senior VP<br />
Dr. Edgar Buckley
</a>
<a href="/2008book/harris.html">Lockheed Martin Global Pres.<br />
Dr. Scott A. Harris
</a>
<a href="/2008book/schneider.html">AFCEA CEO<br />
Kent Schneider
</a>
<a href="/2008book/patterson.html">Mr. David Patterson<br />
Univ of Tennessee
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">Part Seven
<p align="center" class="style17" style="margin-bottom: 0;">
<a href="/2008book/grimes.html">U.S. Asst Sec of Def<br />
Hon. John G. Grimes
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lentz.html">U.S. Dep Asst Sec of Def<br />
Robert Lentz
</a>
<a href="/2008book/aaviksoo.html">Estonian Defense Minister<br />
Jaak Aaviksoo
</a>
<a href="/2008book/bloechl.html">Microsoft, Managing Dir.<br />
Tim Bloechl
</a>
<a href="/2008book/wolf.html">Lt Gen Ulrich Wolf<br />
NATO CIS Service Agency Dir
</a>
<a href="/2008book/monteforte.html">Italian Milrep to NATO<br />
Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte
</a>
<a href="/2008book/lintonen.html">Finnish Amb to UN<br />
Kirsti Lintonen
</a>
<a href="/2008book/silvestri.html">Dr. Stefano Silvestri<br />
Istituto Affari Internazionali
</a>
<a href="/2008book/yousfi.html">Algerian Amb to UN<br />
Youcef Yousfi
</a>
<a href="/2008book/karem.html">Egyptian Amb to EU<br />
Mahmoud Karem
</a>
<a href="/2008book/tarasyuk.html">Former Ukrainian Foreign Minister<br />
Borys Tarasyuk
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
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<h2 class="workshop_year">Rome '08 Workshop</h2>
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="Main Content" -->
<h1>
Dealing with Crises in Europe and the Middle East </h1>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 0;">
Ambassador Tacan Ildem</h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;">Turkish Ambassador to NATO </h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0;"><img src="images/ildem.png" alt="Ambassador Tacan Ildem" width="150" height="179"></h2>
<h2 style="margin-bottom: 0;"> </h2>
<h2 style="margin-top: 0;">OPENING REMARKS </h2>
<p>
I am indeed pleased to be part of the distinguished panel that will discuss
crises in Europe and the Middle East. The words of Charles Dickens, “It
was the best of times; it was the worst of times. It was the spring of
hope; it was the winter of despair,” in his novel <I>The Tale of Two Cities,</I>
help us characterize the world today. </p>
<p>
Although our session is about instabilities in Europe and the Middle East,
there are instabilities present in a vast area stretching from west Africa
to southeast Asia.Sadly, there have been times when parts of this geography
have succumbed to open warfare, areas that were marked by instability and
insecurity for many years. Conflicts in the Caucasus and the Balkans, with
all their tragic human consequences, are still fresh in our memories. Today,
very close to Turkey, violence in the Middle East seems to have no end. </p>
<p>
However, there is also a brighter side, and we have reason to entertain
hope about the future. The huge potential for multilateral cooperation
both within and among different regions is enormously important. The east-west
energy and transportation corridors are good examples. There are also examples
of successful, established subregional economic and military cooperation
mechanisms, such as the Black Sea Economic Cooperation organization, the
multinational peacekeeping force for southeastern Europe, and the naval
task force for the Black Sea, all of which were initially proposed by Turkey.Overall, democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights are asserting
their universal nature all over the world.I am going to focus on these
specific topics. </p>
<h2>SOURCES OF CONCERN</h2>
<p>
Since the Cold War ended, a great sense of security has taken hold in the
minds of Europeans. But, according to Arnold Wolfer, security should be
defined as “the absence of threats to acquired values.” This perspective
may sound pessimistic, yet I find it useful. Speculations about a new Cold
War, which would have a tremendous effect on Europe, particularly terrorism
and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, increasingly occupy
our agenda, threatening Europe and our values as well as the rest of the
world. </p>
<p>
But that is not all. The present situation in the Balkans is a serious
source of concern. Bringing about the independence of Kosovo was the culmination
of a long, unique, and complicated process, and, to further consolidate
stability in the region, we have to support Kosovo by all means as well
as ensure the well-being of all the communities within its borders. </p>
<p>
After the parliamentary elections in Serbia, we remain cautiously optimistic
about the security situation in Kosovo. The determined presence and increased
activities of KFOR have contributed to stability and security, but it is
very important for all actors in theater to assume their responsibilities
and respective roles. </p>
<p>
While emphasizing the importance of developing a comprehensive approach
to succeed in different operational terrains, we need to remind ourselves
of the fact that not all international organizations share the same vision
that we have at NATO. There is no doubt that for a comprehensive approach
to be successful we need to not only create synergies among security, governance,
and reconstruction/development sectors, but reach a clear understanding
regarding the fulfilment of responsibilities by each individual international
organization. When it comes to facilitating cooperation among international
actors, perceptions regarding the role and value of “others” can constitute
a barrier. </p>
<h2>RELATIONSHIPS WITH NATO </h2>
<p>
It is a fact that whether NATO conducts operations in Afghanistan or in
Kosovo, under the U.N. mandate, the U.N. tries not to be seen as associated
with NATO, or at least there is a degree of hesitancy. The same is true
for the NGOs active in those operational theaters, since they are concerned
that their interaction with a “military organization” like NATO might tarnish
their reputation. As to the EU, all I can say is that it seeks to initiate
civilian missions after being certain of the safe and secure environment
that NATO will provide and the substantial strategic support that it will
render on the ground. Therefore, instead of considering NATO an organization
on equal footing, the EU tends to take NATO for granted in whatever supportive
role it is playing, as a sort of a “toolbox” or a subordinate body. </p>
<p>
My country will continue with its strong contribution to KFOR and will
participate in the EULEX mission, providing a considerable number of personnel.
We believe that there is room for effective interaction between the international
actors present in the theater, and, regarding NATO-EU cooperation in Kosovo
or anywhere else, I believe that the framework that defines the modalities
of such interaction is quite clear. It is only a matter of putting the
mechanism agreed upon by other organizations to its full use. </p>
<h2>SERBIA, KOSOVO, AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA </h2>
<p>
In addition to Kosovo, I would like to mention that Serbia is crucial for
stability in the Balkans and should be part of the Euro-Atlantic community.
As for Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is of the utmost importance that this
country not be negatively affected by the developments related to Kosovo,
and we welcome the invitation extended to Bosnia and Herzegovina for intensified
dialogue at the Bucharest summit. Last but not least, we hope to see Macedonia
become a member of NATO as soon as possible. </p>
<p>
To sum up, the Balkans as a whole continue to be high on our agenda because
of their utmost importance to stability, security, and prosperity, not
only in their immediate vicinity but throughout Europe. </p>
<h2>ISRAEL, PALESTINE, AND IRAN</h2>
<p>
In another part of the world, in the neighborhood of Turkey, a different
kind of crisis prevails. The establishment of a lasting and comprehensive
peace in the Middle East as well as the evolution of this geography into
a stable and prosperous region are crucial. Two states, Israel and Palestine,
should live side by side within secure and recognized borders. The situation
in Iraq also deserves attention, for it will play an instrumental role
in the future of the region. Clearly, positive developments in the Iraqi
and Israeli-Palestinian situations will significantly improve the chances
of rewriting the destiny of the Middle East. </p>
<p>
On the other hand, the developments regarding Iran’s nuclear program and
the possibility of Iran acquiring nuclear weapons capability pose serious
risks for stability in the region and beyond. Obviously, the Middle East
does not need new sources of potential instability. In brief, regional
governments have to act on many fronts at the same time. </p>
<h2>FACING TERRORISM</h2>
<p>
In order to ensure global stability and security, good governance, transparency,
and accountability should prevail and fundamental rights and freedoms should
be upheld. We must not forget that these universal values are the product
of the collective wisdom of civilized people. </p>
<p>
While the current global landscape is rich in risks and threats, terrorism
clearly stands out as a unique menace. Actually, it is neither a new phenomenon
nor one of a temporary nature. The recent past has shown that no single
nation is immune to this scourge, and, given its universal parameters,
one should ask whether the international community is sufficiently involved
in searching for strategies to be collectively implemented by all nations.
We need to finalize the work on the comprehensive U.N. convention against
terrorism and walk that extra mile to agree on a common and comprehensive
definition in order to talk about common strategies to wipe out terrorist
organizations and acts. </p>
<p>
With the 9/11 terrorist attacks, we suddenly found ourselves facing an
omnipresent terrorist threat at a global scale. At the Prague, Istanbul,
Riga, and Bucharest summits, NATO condemned terrorism, whatever its motivations
and manifestations. Today, terrorist organizations run comprehensive international
networks, conducting all types of illicit criminal activities to finance,
facilitate, recruit, and propagate, usually through legally registeredoutfits and non-governmental organizations. But can any one of our states
afford to shy away from confronting terrorism so long as they themselves
do not become a target? The clear legal and practical answer is no. </p>
<h2>NATO SUCCESSES </h2>
<p>
NATO has many useful tools to positively interact with the region this
panel is discussing. The Mediterranean Dialogue, for example, has developed
in leaps and bounds since the Istanbul summit of 2004, where we decided
to elevate our dialogue with participating countries to a level of genuine
partnership. Key points in this successful program include: </p>
<UL>
<LI>
The NATO training and cooperation initiative, which is in the beginning
stages, is an important aspect of our improving partnership. </LI>
<LI>
The individual cooperation program (thus far, Israel and Egypt have developed
a program and Morocco is preparing one) is a tool with which partners can
individually deepen their relations with NATO in areas of interest to them. </LI>
<LI>
Trust fund projects within the Mediterranean Dialogue framework (Jordan
and Mauritania) will bring our cooperation to new levels. This will not
only improve the quality of life of individuals who live in the area where
the project will be in effect, but also enhance NATO public diplomacy efforts
in the region as well. We look forward to the successful conclusion of
all such useful projects. </LI>
</ul>
<p>
As a Mediterranean country, Turkey strongly supports the Mediterranean
Dialogue. We are well positioned and determined to contribute to it, building
upon our existing bilateral military framework agreements and/or military
cooperation agreements.We believe that a functioning partnership with
Mediterranean countries constitutes one of the most significant investments
that NATO can make for the future of our common security interests. </p>
<p>
The Istanbul Cooperation Initiative has also had considerable success since
its inception at the Istanbul summit. Four years after its enactment, four
Gulf countries—Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates—have
acceded to it and expressed their intention to work with the Alliance on
a mutually beneficial basis. They are participating with increasing numbers
on a constantly increasing number of activities. </p>
<p>
I would like to conclude by underlining that in this setting, where peace,
stability, and prosperity hang in the balance, joint cooperation, solidarity,
and political will as well as principles and values will be crucial for
success. </p>
<p></p>
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