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<title>CSDR 24th International Workshop on Global Security, Michele Alliot-Marie, Herve Morin, General Henri Bentegeat, General Jean-Louis Georgelin, General James L. Jones, Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Patrick Auroy, Kent Schneider, Ambassador Mahmoud Karem, Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, General Franciszek Gagor, Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins, George Joulwan, Borys Tarasyuk, Jean de Ponton d'Amécourt, General Rainer Schuwirth, General Egon Ramms, Gen Ulrich Wolf, Louis Gallois, Marwan Lahoud, Denis Ranque, Edgar Buckley, Assistant Secretary John Grimes, Tim Bloechl, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Microsoft, Robert Ranquet, Admiral Jean Betermier, Giovanni Bertolone, Robert Ranquet, Alenia Aeronautica, Roger Weissinger-Baylon, WMD, Weaapons of Mass Destruction, NATO, EU, UN, OSCE, Paris Air Show, French Defense Minister, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, Climate Change, Energy, Boeing</title>
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<p><span class="style293">international workshop series<br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents<br>
24th International Workshop - </strong><strong>Paris '07</strong></p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><span class="style18"><span class="style219"> </span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/weissinger07.htm">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>
Weissinger-Baylon<br>
Workshop Chairman<br>
</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/ranquet07.htm">Foreword - Ing General<br>
Robert Ranquet<br>
</a></span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/joulwan07.htm">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>
General George Joulwan<br>
Former SACEUR<br>
</a></span></span><br>
Global security challenges: <br>
Is there hope for <br>
Afghanistan or Iraq?<br>
</p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/bentegeat07.htm">General Henri Bentegeat<br>
President of EU Military Committee</a>
<a href="/2007book/georgelin07">Gen Jean-Louis Georgelin C<strong>hef d’état</strong>-<strong>major</strong> des armées - France</a><a href="/2007book/amecourt07.htm">Mr. Jean de Ponton d'Amecourt - French Dir of Strategic Affairs</a><a href="/2007book/schuwirth07.htm">General Rainer Schuwirth <br>
Chief of Staff, SHAPE</a><a href="/2007book/ramms07.htm">General Egon Ramms <br>
Commander, Allied Joint Force Cmd, Brunssum</a>
<a href="/2007book/akram07.htm">
Amb Munir Akram<br>
Pakistan's Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/zhan07.htm">
Major Gen ZHAN Maohai<br>
Vice Chair of China IISS</a><br>
Energy & Climate Change<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/jones07.htm">General James Jones<br>
Former Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a><a href="/2007book/ashton07.htm">Mr. John Ashton<br>
UK Special Repr for Climate Change</a><br>
Security in the Balkans & Black Sea region<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/baramidze07.htm">Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze</a>
<a href="/2007book/tarasyuk07.htm">Ukrainian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk</a>
<a href="/2007book/mediu07.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Fatmir Mediu</a><a href="/2007book/bliznakov07.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Veselin Bliznakov</a><a href="/2007book/bezhuashvili07.htm">Georgian Foreign Min Gela Bezhuashvili</a><a href="/2007book/ildem07.htm">Ambassador <strong> Tacan Ildem</strong><br>
Turkish Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/buzhinsky07.htm">
Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br>
Russian Ministry of Defense</a><br>
Time for new strategies?<br>
NATO after the Riga Summit<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/eldon07.htm">Amb Stewart Eldon<br>
UK Ambassador to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/orgaz07.htm">Amb Pablo Benavides Orgaz<br>
Spanish Amb to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/stefanini07.htm">Amb Stefano Stefanini <br>
Italian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/dipaola07.htm">Adm Giampaolo Di Paola<br>
Italian Chief of Defense<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/gagor07.htm">Gen Franciszek Gagor Polish Chief of Defense</a><br>
How can the EU, NATO, the OSCE, and UN reform?<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/brichambaut07.htm">Amb Marc Perrin de Brichambaut<br>
OSCE Secretary General </a><a href="/2007book/lintonen07.htm">Amb Kirsti Lintonen Finnish Amb to UN</a>
<a href="/2007book/brodi07.htm">Amb Gabor Brodi<br>
Hungarian Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/rinkevics07.htm">State Sec Edgars Rinkevics - Latvian MOD</a><a href="/2007book/linkevicius07.htm">Amb Linas Linkevicius<br>
Lithuanian Amb to NATO<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/chizhov07.htm">Amb Vladimir Chizhov<br>
Russian Amb to the EU<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/monteforte07.htm">Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte<br>
Italian Mil Repr to NATO</a><br>
Dealing with middle east:<br>Views from North Africa
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/yousfi07.htm">Amb Youcef Yousfi<br>
Algerian Amb to UN and former Foreign Minister</a><a href="/2007book/karem07.htm">Amb Mahmoud Karem<br>
Egyptian Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue</a><a href="/2007book/alem07.htm">Amb Menouar Alem<br>
Moroccan Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue<br>
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">WMD and cyber threats
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/pfirter07.htm">Amb Rogelio Pfirter<br>
Director-General, OPCW</a>
<a href="/2007book/hopkins07.htm">Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins<br>
Assist to U.S. Sec of Defense - Nuclear & Chemical & Biological</a><a href="/2007book/aaviksoo07.htm">Estonian Defense Minister<br>
Jaak Aaviksoo</a><a href="/2007book/grimes07.htm">Hon John Grimes<br>
US Assistant Secretary of Defense - NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/lentz07.htm">Mr. Robert Lentz<br>
US Dep Asst Sec for NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/wolf07.htm">Lt General Ulrich Wolf<br>
Dir of NATO CIS Service Agency<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/bloechl07.htm">Mr. Tim Bloechl<br>
Microsoft Exec Director</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">How industry can help address the global challenges<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/lahoud07.htm">Mr. Marwan Lahoud<br>
Chief Operating Office EADS</a><a href="/2007book/schneider07.htm">Mr. Kent Schneider<br>
President, Defense Group<br>
Northrop Grumman IT<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/auroy07.htm">Mr. Patrick Auroy<br>
Deputy Director,<br>
French DGA
<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/volkman07.htm">Mr. Alfred Volkman<br>
Dir, Defense Cooperation<br>
US Dept of Defense<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/linnenkamp07.htm">Dr. Hilmar Linnenkamp<br>
Dep CEO, EDA</a>
<a href="/2007book/lind07.htm">Mr. Jan-Olof Lind<br>
Swedish National Armaments Director</a>
<a href="/2007book/buckley07.htm">Dr. Edgar Buckley<br>
Thales Senior Vice President</a>
<a href="/2007book/trice07">Dr. Robert Trice<br>
Lockheed Martin <br>
Senior Vice President<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/bertolone07.htm">Ing. Giovanni Bertolone<br>
CEO, Alenia Aeronautica</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">The way ahead & why current approaches don't work
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/martinusz07.htm">Amb Zoltan Martinusz<br>
Hungarian Amb to NATO<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/ducaru07.htm">Amb Dumitru Sorin Ducaru<br>
Romanian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/kujat07.htm"> General Harald Kujat<br>
Former Chair of NATO Military Committee</a>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#006699" height="18" colspan="5"><div align="center" class="style285" style="font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF">Paris '07 Workshop</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class=Section1>
<p align="center" class="style26">Iraq and Afghanistan: Lessons to Learn for NATO </p>
<div align="center">
<table width="685" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="335"><div align="center" class=""><img src="2007images/DSC_0976 Panel - NATO after Riga Summit DAY III.JPG" alt="Italian Amb to NATO Stefano Stefanini" width="327" height="211" /></div></td>
<td width="10" rowspan="2"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="326" rowspan="2" align="left"><div align="center" class="style27">
<div>
<p class="style26">Ambassador Stefano Stefanini <br>
Permanent Representative of Italy<br>
on the North Atlantic Council</p>
<p class="style26"><br>
</p>
</div>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p>Italian Ambassador to NATO Stefano Stefanini (2nd from right), with Italian Chief of Defense Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze, and Spanish Ambassador to NATO Pablo Benavides Orgaz (left to right).</p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center" class="style26"><em>"Four years into the
war, Iraq is in bad shape, but NATO is in better shape not being in Iraq than<br>
it would have been if it were there. So the Iraq issue should not affect NATO, should
it?<br>
In fact, it does and it will. [There will be ]...dire consequences of an American failure in Iraq."</em></p>
<p align="center" class="style26">OPENING REMARKS </p>
<p>������� Security is a matter of perception. The question we have to ask ourselves is whether or not
our perception of a secure environment actually reflects a corresponding degree
of security.</p>
<p>������� Conventional
wisdom (and political correctness) about Afghanistan and Iraq is that because the countries are different, the lessons we draw from them should be different.
My point is somewhat different. Leaving aside any comparison of the two
nations, there is one simple, common thread to follow�the same that we find in Gaza and in Haiti, for that matter. It is that we have to stay engaged. We may think these
countries do not affect our security, but that is wrong. Thinking that way is a
security-perception trap that we can�t afford�it is false security.</p>
<p>������� Today
we cannot insulate ourselves at home from insecurity elsewhere.</p>
<p>If and when we
try to do it, the insecurity outside our borders will come back to haunt us.</p>
<p>������� Does
this fact affect NATO? It does if you take NATO�as I do�to be the main, and
possibly the only, institution tying together North America and Europe. If this is the tool for our common Atlantic security, then this is what we have to
work with, and we have to make the tool work effectively�we can�t continuously
retool international institutions. So when I say lessons that need to be
learned for NATO, I mean collective lessons that need to be learned for Europe
and America and like�minded friends,and that I hope can be learned together.</p>
<p>������� As for
NATO proper, let�s look at its involvement in the specific situations we are
discussing�full involvement in Afghanistan, marginal involvement in Iraq, and nonexistent involvement in Gaza. Let�s try to assess each one. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">NATO
INVOLVEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN </p>
<p>������� Afghanistan is a work in progress. It is a tough but doable job, especially if the
achievements we strive for are realistic. Unfortunately we sometimes pursue
goals that are not achievable, certainly not in the short or medium term, and
this is something we should not do because then Afghanistan�s and NATO�s
performance will be gauged against unattainable standards. However, if we
strive for achievable goals, Afghanistan can be a success story. NATO�s
presence and leadership in Afghanistan is working both as a cause and as an
effect. Indeed, �international legitimacy allows NATO to be in Afghanistan; NATO�s leading role perpetuates such legitimacy.�</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">NATO
INVOLVEMENT IN IRAQ </p>
<p>������� Iraq is
in a different league because, a) there was never any prospect of NATO taking a
leading role there, and b) if there had been a prospect, NATO, as an Alliance
operating by consensus, would have chosen not to take it. Four years into the
war, Iraq is in bad shape, but NATO is in better shape not being in Iraq than it would have been being there. So the Iraq issue should not affect NATO, should
it? In fact, it does and it will, in more ways than one.</p>
<p>������� Approximately
a year before this workshop, in a data-based, matter-of-fact article in the <i>Washington
Post</i> entitled �What Next?�, Daniel Byman and Kenneth Pollack raised the
prospect of the many dire consequences of an �American failure� in Iraq:</p>
<p>� A refugee
crisis (up to 13 million)</p>
<p>� New breeding
ground for terrorism</p>
<p>� Contagious
radicalism and sectarianism spilling over into neighbouring countries</p>
<p>� Secession
breeding secessionism</p>
<p>� Neighbourly
interventions</p>
<p>The authors� conclusion
was that failure in Iraq would not relieve the U.S. of its responsibilities
there; in fact, it could multiply them. If it did, could Europe afford the
luxury of sitting out and looking the other way, as if such a disaster would
affect only America and not Europe?</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">NATO INVOLVEMENT IN GAZA </p>
<p>������� Gaza is in yet another league. There is no involvement whatsoever from NATO, the U.S., or Europe. With no engagement there is no security. Can Europe and America pretend that a
Hamas radicalized-at�gunpoint Gaza does not affect them both?</p>
<p>������� Gaza is the epitome of the failure to engage. By not engaging we risk endangering our
security. In Iraq, at least, the U.S. tried and tries hard. Certainly Washington can�t be faulted for not engaging in Iraq�rather, it�s the contrary. Moreover, many
if not all European allies, as well as NATO regarding the training of the Iraqi
army and police (NTMI), are there to help.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">LESSONS TO LEARN </p>
<p>������� 1. In Iraq mistakes have been made, but they should be left to the historians, who will have a field
day. We should concern ourselves instead with what can be done to correct the
mistakes and minimize their consequences. Byman and Pollack�s �What Next?� has
yet to come. There is still time �though not much�to work on it. Simply
ignoring what comes next and letting come what may is not the answer. That�s
lesson one: �engage�.</p>
<p>������� 2. If
NATO had been in Iraq, as it is in Afghanistan, would Iraq have been different? We will never know, but would we all be better off if Iraq had been dealt with as an American�European joint venture from the beginning, as Bosnia and Kosovo were in the 90s? There is no answer to this question, but it is worth
more than a passing thought. So lesson 2 is : �engage together�. </p>
<p>������� 3. We
can decide, of course, that we don�t want any of it and steer clear of
insecurity and crisis. We can decide to ride out the threats That insecurity
and crisis cause. But if we do, we would be deluding ourselves,� retreating into
the comfort of our distance and our affluence. </p>
<p>������� If we
choose not to engage, then yes, NATO is ready for retirement.</p>
<p>But if we,
Europeans as well as Americans, decide otherwise�if we decide that our security
requires us to confront the issues as we have often done successfully in the
recent and not-so-recent past�be the issue Afghanistan, Iraq, Gaza, or Somalia,
we had better use NATO to do the job. And we had better use it proactively,
together with the array of international institutions<span lang=EN-GB
style='font-family:Garamond'> <span lang=EN-GB style='font-family:Verdana'>(the
EU, the OSCE, and the U.N.) that are available to us. Lesson three, then, is �use
NATO when we can to engage�. </p>
<p>������� 4.
Lesson four is to realize that NATO is the only Atlantic Alliance we have.</p>
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