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<title>CSDR 24th International Workshop on Global Security, Michele Alliot-Marie, Herve Morin, General Henri Bentegeat, General Jean-Louis Georgelin, General James L. Jones, Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Patrick Auroy, Kent Schneider, Ambassador Mahmoud Karem, Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, General Franciszek Gagor, Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins, George Joulwan, Borys Tarasyuk, Jean de Ponton d'Amécourt, General Rainer Schuwirth, General Egon Ramms, Gen Ulrich Wolf, Louis Gallois, Marwan Lahoud, Denis Ranque, Edgar Buckley, Assistant Secretary John Grimes, Tim Bloechl, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Microsoft, Robert Ranquet, Admiral Jean Betermier, Giovanni Bertolone, Robert Ranquet, Alenia Aeronautica, Roger Weissinger-Baylon, WMD, Weaapons of Mass Destruction, NATO, EU, UN, OSCE, Paris Air Show, French Defense Minister, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, Climate Change, Energy, Boeing</title>
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<p><span class="style293">international workshop series<br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents<br>
24th International Workshop - </strong><strong>Paris '07</strong></p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><span class="style18"><span class="style219"> </span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/weissinger07.htm">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>
Weissinger-Baylon<br>
Workshop Chairman<br>
</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/ranquet07.htm">Foreword - Ing General<br>
Robert Ranquet<br>
</a></span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/joulwan07.htm">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>
General George Joulwan<br>
Former SACEUR<br>
</a></span></span><br>
Global security challenges: <br>
Is there hope for <br>
Afghanistan or Iraq?<br>
</p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/bentegeat07.htm">General Henri Bentegeat<br>
President of EU Military Committee</a>
<a href="/2007book/georgelin07">Gen Jean-Louis Georgelin C<strong>hef d’état</strong>-<strong>major</strong> des armées - France</a><a href="/2007book/amecourt07.htm">Mr. Jean de Ponton d'Amecourt - French Dir of Strategic Affairs</a><a href="/2007book/schuwirth07.htm">General Rainer Schuwirth <br>
Chief of Staff, SHAPE</a><a href="/2007book/ramms07.htm">General Egon Ramms <br>
Commander, Allied Joint Force Cmd, Brunssum</a>
<a href="/2007book/akram07.htm">
Amb Munir Akram<br>
Pakistan's Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/zhan07.htm">
Major Gen ZHAN Maohai<br>
Vice Chair of China IISS</a><br>
Energy & Climate Change<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/jones07.htm">General James Jones<br>
Former Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a><a href="/2007book/ashton07.htm">Mr. John Ashton<br>
UK Special Repr for Climate Change</a><br>
Security in the Balkans & Black Sea region<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/baramidze07.htm">Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze</a>
<a href="/2007book/tarasyuk07.htm">Ukrainian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk</a>
<a href="/2007book/mediu07.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Fatmir Mediu</a><a href="/2007book/bliznakov07.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Veselin Bliznakov</a><a href="/2007book/bezhuashvili07.htm">Georgian Foreign Min Gela Bezhuashvili</a><a href="/2007book/ildem07.htm">Ambassador <strong> Tacan Ildem</strong><br>
Turkish Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/buzhinsky07.htm">
Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br>
Russian Ministry of Defense</a><br>
Time for new strategies?<br>
NATO after the Riga Summit<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/eldon07.htm">Amb Stewart Eldon<br>
UK Ambassador to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/orgaz07.htm">Amb Pablo Benavides Orgaz<br>
Spanish Amb to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/stefanini07.htm">Amb Stefano Stefanini <br>
Italian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/dipaola07.htm">Adm Giampaolo Di Paola<br>
Italian Chief of Defense<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/gagor07.htm">Gen Franciszek Gagor Polish Chief of Defense</a><br>
How can the EU, NATO, the OSCE, and UN reform?<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/brichambaut07.htm">Amb Marc Perrin de Brichambaut<br>
OSCE Secretary General </a><a href="/2007book/lintonen07.htm">Amb Kirsti Lintonen Finnish Amb to UN</a>
<a href="/2007book/brodi07.htm">Amb Gabor Brodi<br>
Hungarian Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/rinkevics07.htm">State Sec Edgars Rinkevics - Latvian MOD</a><a href="/2007book/linkevicius07.htm">Amb Linas Linkevicius<br>
Lithuanian Amb to NATO<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/chizhov07.htm">Amb Vladimir Chizhov<br>
Russian Amb to the EU<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/monteforte07.htm">Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte<br>
Italian Mil Repr to NATO</a><br>
Dealing with middle east:<br>Views from North Africa
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/yousfi07.htm">Amb Youcef Yousfi<br>
Algerian Amb to UN and former Foreign Minister</a><a href="/2007book/karem07.htm">Amb Mahmoud Karem<br>
Egyptian Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue</a><a href="/2007book/alem07.htm">Amb Menouar Alem<br>
Moroccan Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue<br>
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">WMD and cyber threats
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/pfirter07.htm">Amb Rogelio Pfirter<br>
Director-General, OPCW</a>
<a href="/2007book/hopkins07.htm">Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins<br>
Assist to U.S. Sec of Defense - Nuclear & Chemical & Biological</a><a href="/2007book/aaviksoo07.htm">Estonian Defense Minister<br>
Jaak Aaviksoo</a><a href="/2007book/grimes07.htm">Hon John Grimes<br>
US Assistant Secretary of Defense - NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/lentz07.htm">Mr. Robert Lentz<br>
US Dep Asst Sec for NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/wolf07.htm">Lt General Ulrich Wolf<br>
Dir of NATO CIS Service Agency<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/bloechl07.htm">Mr. Tim Bloechl<br>
Microsoft Exec Director</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">How industry can help address the global challenges<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/lahoud07.htm">Mr. Marwan Lahoud<br>
Chief Operating Office EADS</a><a href="/2007book/schneider07.htm">Mr. Kent Schneider<br>
President, Defense Group<br>
Northrop Grumman IT<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/auroy07.htm">Mr. Patrick Auroy<br>
Deputy Director,<br>
French DGA
<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/volkman07.htm">Mr. Alfred Volkman<br>
Dir, Defense Cooperation<br>
US Dept of Defense<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/linnenkamp07.htm">Dr. Hilmar Linnenkamp<br>
Dep CEO, EDA</a>
<a href="/2007book/lind07.htm">Mr. Jan-Olof Lind<br>
Swedish National Armaments Director</a>
<a href="/2007book/buckley07.htm">Dr. Edgar Buckley<br>
Thales Senior Vice President</a>
<a href="/2007book/trice07">Dr. Robert Trice<br>
Lockheed Martin <br>
Senior Vice President<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/bertolone07.htm">Ing. Giovanni Bertolone<br>
CEO, Alenia Aeronautica</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">The way ahead & why current approaches don't work
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/martinusz07.htm">Amb Zoltan Martinusz<br>
Hungarian Amb to NATO<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/ducaru07.htm">Amb Dumitru Sorin Ducaru<br>
Romanian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/kujat07.htm"> General Harald Kujat<br>
Former Chair of NATO Military Committee</a>
</div>
</div>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#006699" height="18" colspan="5"><div align="center" class="style285" style="font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF">Paris '07 Workshop</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class=Section1>
<p align="center" class="style26">Resolving the Paradox of Having a Good Spectator Experience in a Safe Environment</p>
<div align="center">
<table width="657" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="331" height="61"><div align="center" class=""></a></div>
<img src="2007images/DSC_0660 Schneider crop.jpg" alt="Mr. Kent Schneider, Northrop Grumman" width="323" height="308"></td>
<td width="16" rowspan="2"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="296" rowspan="2" align="left"><div align="center" >
<div>
<p class="style26">Mr. Kent Schneider, President<br>
Northrop Grumman Information Technology Global<br>
</p>
</div>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Mr. Kent Schneider, President of Northrop Grumman Information Technology Global.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center" class="style26"><em>"...the solution is to leverage existing systems. A lot of technology...monitors the movement of people internationally, <br>
everything
from travel manifests to associated criminal terrorist databases. There is...surveillance
capability<br>
</em><em>that can be appled...without infringing on people’s rights. It is going to be very important, however,<br>
</em><em>to link this capability to existing financial and transportation
systems..."</em></p>
<p>It is inevitable that, as
we talk about global security, we are going to be focused mainly on the Middle
East and south Asia. We are going to talk a lot about Iraq and Afghanistan, so
I thought I�d talk here about a different scenario that embraces all of the
issues associated with the variety of threats we face today, a true
international problem. That is the Olympics, and I am going to discuss the 2012
London Olympics and the preparation that is going on there, though I think my
points could be applied to any of the Olympic games. In fact we might be able
to get General Zhan to share a little bit about what is going on with the
Olympic games that are coming up in 2008 in Beijing.� </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">THE CHALLENGES OF THE LONDON OLYMPICS</p>
<p>����������� Preparing for
and holding the London Olympics is truly an exercise in counter-terrorism over
a six-week period. The games will be held in a very vibrant city that already
has a number of security issues. There are about 23,000 events requiring public
safety that take place in London on a regular day. That number goes up if any
of the local sports teams happens to lose on a given day, and you can imagine
what happens when the Olympics are held. And events involve many people, from
athletes to the media to Olympic officials to government officials to service
workers�all the many people it takes not only to make an Olympics happen but to
support all the people who attend as well as watch on television. For the 2012
London Olympics, 9 million tickets will be issued, to give you some sense of
scale.� </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">The Threats</p>
<p>����������� The current
threat profile is very broad based, and extends from cyber-threats to physical
threats, both direct and indirect. One possibility during the London Olympics
is that the power grid could be taken down, which is not as difficult as you
might think. We have profiled and modeled some major regional power grids�we
looked at one in the U.S. at the request of the local homeland security
officials and found that we were able to bring the entire power grid down in 12
1/2 minutes. There are also chemical, biological, radiological, and public
health threats to consider as well as the normal criminal element that is
always present. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">The People and Venues</p>
<p>����������� There is also a
very broad set of players: the military is involved as well as national
homeland security, the resilient forces, as they refer to it in the U.K.,
public safety, health, Olympic officials, and a myriad local government
personnel. Adding to the challenge in London is that the games will be held
over a widely dispersed area. The Olympic park and the Olympic village will be
in East London down near the docks and the venues will be spread out around
central London, some inside and some outside the orbital. For those of you who
are familiar with Washington D.C., think about having the Olympic park and the
Olympic village in Anacostia and then having the events taking place all around
the beltway, some inside and some outside, with some 27 local jurisdictions
housing venues. You can see how complex that would be. You can also imagine how
gathering intelligence and controlling operations there would be very similar
to what you would experience in a military theater of operations.</p>
<p>����������� As far as the
environment goes, there will be about 200,000 people involved in holding the
Olympics, from officials to service workers to Olympic staff, volunteers,
concession workers, and athletes, plus the 9 million spectators. And there are
actually two back-to-back events�the Olympics are held, then there is about a
week�s break, and then the Para-Olympics are held, which is why the games
stretch out over a six-week period. A balance must be struck as always between providing
security and providing an environment that is respectful of individuals� rights
and cultural heritage while adhering to local law, Olympic policy, and
international law, for both individuals and data.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">APPLYING TECHNOLOGY</p>
<p>����������� Certainly we
are starting to see more technology being applied to the Olympics. For the
Beijing Olympics, more technology is being applied than ever before, which
General Zhan may wish to comment on. Obviously everyone has high hopes that the
additional technology will have a positive impact on security. Certainly London
wants to leverage what is happening for Beijing and for the 2010 Olympics in
Vancouver. To smooth this process New Scotland Yard�s assistant commissioner
for central operations has had added to his portfolio all special events and
dignitary protection and is being made a security lead for the 2012 Olympics.
The idea is that by developing capability around special events for the next
five years, by 2012 the Olympics will be just one really big special and the
wherewithal to provide security and to do what needs to be done will be
available.�� </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">GOVERNING THE PROCESS</p>
<p>����������� Despite
improved technology, you can probably see that providing security is less about
technology than it is about how you govern the process, the rules you put in
place, and how you oversee those rules. It is also about
intelligence�intelligence in the same sense as we apply it in a military
environment. A program is being developed now in the U.K. called e-Borders,
which is an effort to provide advanced warning of the arrival of people at
border crossings so that data can be checked, backgrounds can be checked, and
manifests can be applied against criminal and terrorist databases for a better
basis for border crossings. As you can imagine, there are huge problems with
data mining, data fusion, and situational awareness when large numbers of
people cross a border in a very short period. So we are beginning to work on
these kinds of programs now, but again you have to balance providing security
against respecting data protection rights and all those kinds of things. There
are real challenges from both a legal and a cultural standpoint.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CONDUCTING SURVEILLANCE</p>
<p>����������� There are also
huge surveillance problems, and the U.K. is dealing with them by using a
variety of existing sensors and adding some sensors.� London is perhaps the
most monitored city in the world. There are 78,000 public domain closed-circuit
television cameras in London today, and that does not count those in department
stores. If you remember the July 7th bombings, you�ll remember how quickly you
saw a video of the perpetrators on TV, which is because of the very extensive
surveillance system in London. They are trying to put more intelligence behind
that surveillance now, but more surveillance is also needed in other areas. A
lot of vehicles will be moving in and out of the Olympics area so it will be
necessary to have some kind of surveillance done on vehicles� contents as well
as the vehicles themselves. There is also a need for chemical, biological, and
radiological sensors and testing and for ways of tracking people.</p>
<p>����������� I can tell you
today that no one has any idea who is actually sitting in a sports venue at any
given moment. A new soccer stadium was just opened in London and one of the
things that concerns people there is that while they know who buys the tickets
they have no idea who actually sits in the seats. One of the ideas for the
London Olympics is to issue essentially a master ticket to everyone who
arrives. That ticket would be a smart card tied to biometrics that would then
be encoded with the tickets that people buy and with transportation tokens, and
people could also use the card to make purchases. This would allow us not only
to understand the flow of people through the Olympic venues but actually know
people by name�who is where, when, which entrance the person went in through,
the exit the person left from, the transportation he or she took. You can see
the obvious advantage of this system if a sports venue turns into a crime
scene.</p>
<p>����������� Such a process
is in the works, but how can you network so that the process can be operated in
a very timely way across the very wide venue area? The answer, of course, is a
federated system very much like the one used in the financial world today. When
you go to an ATM or you process a credit card, the standard for the transaction
is five seconds end to end. We need that same kind of performance metric in a
widespread identity management system, and it can be done�we build those kinds
of systems. But the issue is the network. When you have a very widely
distributed arrangement like the London Olympics, how can you extend the
network? </p>
<p>����������� A lot of work
is being done right now looking at both wired and wireless networks. A whole new
family of secure wide-band wireless networks is emerging around the world whose
capability London will need. The city has a wireless system now but it is a
very narrow-band system�some kind of wide-band overlay will be needed. Very
much like in a theater of operations, there are narrow-band and wide-band
systems and the ability to move information where you need it. The Olympics are
going to have a combination of surveillance measures, data that needs to be
moved, command and control information that needs to be moved, and a whole body
of identity-related information that will provide awareness of how and where
people are moving.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">THE USE OF SMART CARDS</p>
<p>����������� What are the
overall requirements? Vetting and role-based access will be needed for the
Olympics family. For example you don�t want people going into venues for which
they are not authorized�you don�t want people going into the Olympic village if
they are not athletes, for instance. So every member of the Olympics family,
those 200,000 people I talked about earlier, will go through a background check
and be issued a smart card based on a variety of multi-modal biometrics. Then
those cards will be used to provide role-based access to networks and venues
both on a cyber basis and a physical basis. A less robust system will be used
to track spectators�the current thinking is that kiosks will be used to enroll
people in a process to link their master ticket to a couple of biometrics,
though issues are still being worked out regarding exactly which combination of
biometrics. Right now the thought is to use a digital photograph and a
fingerprint, although in some cultures facial photographs are an issue, so
perhaps two fingerprints or a fingerprint and an iris scan may be used.</p>
<p>����������� It is very
important to set up a system that will facilitate throughput while at the same
time provide necessary security�if people don�t get into a venue until the
event is half over, then the system has failed. Tickets need to be controlled
through the identity-management system to prevent misuse. Obviously scalping
will be a big issue, as it is at any sports event, but scalping will be more
difficult if we have a biometrics-based card that houses the ticket. It will be
very hard to pass that off to somebody else.� </p>
<p>����������� Transportation
tokens will be used as well. Current thinking is to take the oyster card that
is used today for the London Underground, extend it to other methods of
transportation, and then embed that token on the master card. The idea is that
the card could be used for service trains, buses, the Underground, even for
taxis if you put the readers there. Of course, we want to eliminate the need
for cash, not only to speed up processing but also because we would then be
able to monitor activity such as the consumption of alcohol across the Olympic
venues.</p>
<p>����������� The idea is to
do all of these things and still make the Olympics an enjoyable experience.
Obviously, in order to do that, we need to have a kind of in-the-background
process that does not affect the individual experience. That is doable in terms
of technology, though obviously there are some associated cultural and legal
issues that need to be worked through. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">ACCEPTING THE LEVEL OF SCRUTINY</p>
<p>����������� The U.K. might
be a unique environment in this regard because its citizens have historically
been willing to submit to things that many other NATO countries would never
tolerate. I already mentioned the 78,000 closed-circuit TV cameras. You can�t
scratch your head in London without it being recorded on at least two cameras.
But in addition to that, if you are arrested in the U.K., whether it leads to a
conviction or not, a DNA sample is taken and it is not given back, even if you
are not convicted. For a traffic stop, your fingerprints are taken whether or
not you get a ticket, and they are not given back afterwards. We run the
biometrics database for the U.K. and the numbers in that database are climbing
very quickly because they can be collected under circumstances that most other
NATO countries would not tolerate. I know that in the U.S., for example, people
simply would never be willing to submit to that kind of thing, but in the U.K.
they are willing to do it because New Scotland Yard has demonstrated an ability
to solve crimes almost in TV time. You saw a recent example of that with the
July 7th bombings, which were solved very quickly, though, interestingly, the
U.K. citizenry was critical of the way the bombing were handled and felt they
should have been solved quicker than they were. There is a trade-off in the
U.K. between being willing to submit more information than others and receiving
in return some very effective policing. Now the question is, Can you extend
that to the Olympics, with people from many places? Will those people be
willing to submit to the same level of scrutiny that U.K. citizens do?</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CONCLUDING REMARKS</p>
<p>����������� The
information-sharing requirements across this very complex environment are also
very difficult. As I said, it is really a problem of data mining, data fusion,
and situational awareness, things that we do in the military environment all
the time but that here involve different numbers of players and data that is
subject to privacy laws�security personnel would like to have information on
people�s travel into the country, they�d like to know where people are staying,
they�d like to know the transportation they take. Gathering that information,
pulling it together, and then applying it to security for the Olympics will be
a challenge.</p>
<p>����������� To summarize, I
think the solution is to leverage existing systems. A lot of technology is out
there today that monitors the movement of people internationally, everything
from travel manifests to associated criminal terrorist databases. There is also
a lot of surveillance capability that can be applied to the problem effectively
and without infringing on people�s rights. It is going to be very important,
however, to link this capability to existing financial and transportation
systems, because that is where efficiency lies for the kinds of transaction
rates we are talking about.� </p>
<p>����������� Situational
awareness is going to be a challenge, and it is already being tested. As an
example, a data-fusion situational awareness pilot is being conducted in
conjunction with the Wimbledon tennis tournament this year as a way to see how
effective it can be and where the gaps are, both in intelligence and in
operations.� </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
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