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<title>CSDR 24th International Workshop on Global Security, Michele Alliot-Marie, Herve Morin, General Henri Bentegeat, General Jean-Louis Georgelin, General James L. Jones, Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Patrick Auroy, Kent Schneider, Ambassador Mahmoud Karem, Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, General Franciszek Gagor, Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins, George Joulwan, Borys Tarasyuk, Jean de Ponton d'Amécourt, General Rainer Schuwirth, General Egon Ramms, Gen Ulrich Wolf, Louis Gallois, Marwan Lahoud, Denis Ranque, Edgar Buckley, Assistant Secretary John Grimes, Tim Bloechl, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Microsoft, Robert Ranquet, Admiral Jean Betermier, Giovanni Bertolone, Robert Ranquet, Alenia Aeronautica, Roger Weissinger-Baylon, WMD, Weaapons of Mass Destruction, NATO, EU, UN, OSCE, Paris Air Show, French Defense Minister, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, Climate Change, Energy, Boeing</title>
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<p><span class="style293">international workshop series<br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents<br>
24th International Workshop - </strong><strong>Paris '07</strong></p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><span class="style18"><span class="style219"> </span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/weissinger07.htm">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>
Weissinger-Baylon<br>
Workshop Chairman<br>
</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/ranquet07.htm">Foreword - Ing General<br>
Robert Ranquet<br>
</a></span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/joulwan07.htm">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>
General George Joulwan<br>
Former SACEUR<br>
</a></span></span><br>
Global security challenges: <br>
Is there hope for <br>
Afghanistan or Iraq?<br>
</p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/bentegeat07.htm">General Henri Bentegeat<br>
President of EU Military Committee</a>
<a href="/2007book/georgelin07">Gen Jean-Louis Georgelin C<strong>hef d’état</strong>-<strong>major</strong> des armées - France</a><a href="/2007book/amecourt07.htm">Mr. Jean de Ponton d'Amecourt - French Dir of Strategic Affairs</a><a href="/2007book/schuwirth07.htm">General Rainer Schuwirth <br>
Chief of Staff, SHAPE</a><a href="/2007book/ramms07.htm">General Egon Ramms <br>
Commander, Allied Joint Force Cmd, Brunssum</a>
<a href="/2007book/akram07.htm">
Amb Munir Akram<br>
Pakistan's Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/zhan07.htm">
Major Gen ZHAN Maohai<br>
Vice Chair of China IISS</a><br>
Energy & Climate Change<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/jones07.htm">General James Jones<br>
Former Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a><a href="/2007book/ashton07.htm">Mr. John Ashton<br>
UK Special Repr for Climate Change</a><br>
Security in the Balkans & Black Sea region<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/baramidze07.htm">Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze</a>
<a href="/2007book/tarasyuk07.htm">Ukrainian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk</a>
<a href="/2007book/mediu07.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Fatmir Mediu</a><a href="/2007book/bliznakov07.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Veselin Bliznakov</a><a href="/2007book/bezhuashvili07.htm">Georgian Foreign Min Gela Bezhuashvili</a><a href="/2007book/ildem07.htm">Ambassador <strong> Tacan Ildem</strong><br>
Turkish Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/buzhinsky07.htm">
Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br>
Russian Ministry of Defense</a><br>
Time for new strategies?<br>
NATO after the Riga Summit<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/eldon07.htm">Amb Stewart Eldon<br>
UK Ambassador to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/orgaz07.htm">Amb Pablo Benavides Orgaz<br>
Spanish Amb to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/stefanini07.htm">Amb Stefano Stefanini <br>
Italian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/dipaola07.htm">Adm Giampaolo Di Paola<br>
Italian Chief of Defense<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/gagor07.htm">Gen Franciszek Gagor Polish Chief of Defense</a><br>
How can the EU, NATO, the OSCE, and UN reform?<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/brichambaut07.htm">Amb Marc Perrin de Brichambaut<br>
OSCE Secretary General </a><a href="/2007book/lintonen07.htm">Amb Kirsti Lintonen Finnish Amb to UN</a>
<a href="/2007book/brodi07.htm">Amb Gabor Brodi<br>
Hungarian Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/rinkevics07.htm">State Sec Edgars Rinkevics - Latvian MOD</a><a href="/2007book/linkevicius07.htm">Amb Linas Linkevicius<br>
Lithuanian Amb to NATO<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/chizhov07.htm">Amb Vladimir Chizhov<br>
Russian Amb to the EU<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/monteforte07.htm">Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte<br>
Italian Mil Repr to NATO</a><br>
Dealing with middle east:<br>Views from North Africa
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/yousfi07.htm">Amb Youcef Yousfi<br>
Algerian Amb to UN and former Foreign Minister</a><a href="/2007book/karem07.htm">Amb Mahmoud Karem<br>
Egyptian Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue</a><a href="/2007book/alem07.htm">Amb Menouar Alem<br>
Moroccan Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue<br>
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">WMD and cyber threats
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/pfirter07.htm">Amb Rogelio Pfirter<br>
Director-General, OPCW</a>
<a href="/2007book/hopkins07.htm">Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins<br>
Assist to U.S. Sec of Defense - Nuclear & Chemical & Biological</a><a href="/2007book/aaviksoo07.htm">Estonian Defense Minister<br>
Jaak Aaviksoo</a><a href="/2007book/grimes07.htm">Hon John Grimes<br>
US Assistant Secretary of Defense - NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/lentz07.htm">Mr. Robert Lentz<br>
US Dep Asst Sec for NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/wolf07.htm">Lt General Ulrich Wolf<br>
Dir of NATO CIS Service Agency<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/bloechl07.htm">Mr. Tim Bloechl<br>
Microsoft Exec Director</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">How industry can help address the global challenges<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/lahoud07.htm">Mr. Marwan Lahoud<br>
Chief Operating Office EADS</a><a href="/2007book/schneider07.htm">Mr. Kent Schneider<br>
President, Defense Group<br>
Northrop Grumman IT<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/auroy07.htm">Mr. Patrick Auroy<br>
Deputy Director,<br>
French DGA
<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/volkman07.htm">Mr. Alfred Volkman<br>
Dir, Defense Cooperation<br>
US Dept of Defense<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/linnenkamp07.htm">Dr. Hilmar Linnenkamp<br>
Dep CEO, EDA</a>
<a href="/2007book/lind07.htm">Mr. Jan-Olof Lind<br>
Swedish National Armaments Director</a>
<a href="/2007book/buckley07.htm">Dr. Edgar Buckley<br>
Thales Senior Vice President</a>
<a href="/2007book/trice07">Dr. Robert Trice<br>
Lockheed Martin <br>
Senior Vice President<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/bertolone07.htm">Ing. Giovanni Bertolone<br>
CEO, Alenia Aeronautica</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">The way ahead & why current approaches don't work
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/martinusz07.htm">Amb Zoltan Martinusz<br>
Hungarian Amb to NATO<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/ducaru07.htm">Amb Dumitru Sorin Ducaru<br>
Romanian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/kujat07.htm"> General Harald Kujat<br>
Former Chair of NATO Military Committee</a>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#006699" height="18" colspan="5"><div align="center" class="style285" style="font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF">Paris '07 Workshop</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="center" class="style26">Energy as a Security
Imperative</p>
<div class=Section1>
<div align="center">
<table width="465" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="243"><img src="2007images/DSC_0941 Gen James Jones and Roger Weissinger-Baylon DAY II.JPG" alt="Gen James Jones, former SACEUR" width="235" height="293"></td>
<td width="3"> </td>
<td width="215"><div align="center">
<p class="style26">General James L. Jones<br>
former Supreme Allied Commander Europe<br>
(SACEUR)</p>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2">Former SACEUR General James L. Jones addresses the workshop on energy security.</td>
<td><div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="4"><div align="center" class="style27">
<div>
<p class="style26"><br>
</p>
</div>
</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center" class="style26"><em> "Energy and the
energy infrastructure will be true challenges as the global appetite for energy
dramatically increases and our infrastructures do not keep pace, which is
predicted and which will severely strain resources in the future."</em></p>
<p align="center" class="style26">OPENING REMARKS</p>
<p>����������� In the aftermath of my
active duty career, I have had the opportunity to sit back and reflect a bit on
a number of things. Before I get into my presentation, I would like to say that
one of my conclusions is that this 21st century will be a century in
which the very concept of security will have a much more expanded notion,
perhaps greater than we can imagine. The evolution of the world from the
bipolar 20th century to the very brief unipolar period to, more
recently, what obviously will be a long-term multipolar world is a fact of life
we have to deal with and whose implications we have to analyze very carefully.
I believe it is essential to understand the characteristics of this multipolar
world and their implications for what constitutes security, both national and
international. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">THE CHARACTERISTICS AND
CHALLENGES OF A MULTIPOLAR WORLD</p>
<p>����������� Looking at my
own nation and at what I know of other nations, it seems to me that
multipolarity is having a profound impact on the very institutions, both
national and international, that are charged with maintaining and preserving
our concept of what we think of as security�that impact might make some of us
wish for the good old days of the 20th century, when life seemed to
be a little simpler, a little more ordered, a little bit more predictable, and
a little clearer. It was certainly easier to categorize then, especially when
you look at the diversity and the difficulties and the greater number of issues
that go into our concept of a secure globe or a secure nation today.� </p>
<p>����������� In addition to
being broader, the new characteristics are also more asymmetric, and they
include, in my view, a broader range of issues:� </p>
<p> - Cyber security is certainly up there on the list.�</p>
<p> - I would maintain that energy is
there as well: we touched on that briefly at Riga and the last summit and went
to great lengths at NATO to discuss it and hold some related events; the
secretary general was very committed to the idea that energy is a security
issue.� </p>
<p> - The security of the energy
infrastructures that support what we seek to achieve in energy security is
obviously a very important topic.� </p>
<p> - So is the increasing impact of
drug trafficking on the economic underpinnings of extremist movements in the
world, with Afghanistan a prime example.� </p>
<p> - Illegal immigration of people,
with its enormous potential for impacting demographics all over the globe.</p>
<p> - The proliferation of non-nation
state actors and the request for weapons of mass destruction. </p>
<p> - The stability of world commerce,
climate change and its impact on security issues such as world hunger,
education and poverty�all aspects of potential terrorist and extremist breeding
grounds. </p>
<p>All of these things together�and the list could probably go on�are factors that have to come into play in any
discussion addressing security.� </p>
<p>����������� Broadly
speaking, security is no longer simply the property of a nation, its Ministry
of Defense and Foreign Affairs, and perhaps its national security advisor. It
includes the whole gamut of international and national organizations that must
work more cohesively together and must work at a much more rapid and agile pace
than perhaps ever before in order to deal with the multiplicity of the
challenges and the speed with which they arrive. Today the very viability of
our national and international structures is being tested, and it is not just
the property of one or two or three agencies or institutions. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">THE NEED FOR PROACTIVE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS</p>
<p>����������� Clearly in Afghanistan the potential solution is not simply a military one. The narcotics problem,
police reform, and judicial reform must also be addressed, just three examples
of the diverse issues that go into solving an international security problem.
In the Sudan, we see international institutions held back by their own rules
and regulations from doing anything positive to stop what some have referred to
as genocide and that are clearly human problems of enormous proportions.
Similarly in Iraq the solution set argues for a broader-based solution set and
strategic consequences, not just for the region or for the United States or any
one country but for all regions, especially concerning matters pertaining to
energy and energy infrastructures.</p>
<p>����������� Generally
speaking, there seems to be a rise in the number of non-governmental
organizations both at the national and international level that organize
themselves to do what some 20th-century governmental institutions either won�t
or cannot do. On matters pertaining to energy, this is particularly important.
Therefore, it is imperative that we clearly understand the security environment
we face.� </p>
<p>����������� I draw a lot of
lessons from the business community, which has shown itself to be much more
flexible and certainly much more rapid and agile in the diagnostic work that
goes into assessing the environment for future markets, adapting the business
to the environment, making the changes in order to be competitive, and then
simply doing it. National and international institutions need to do more of
that type of thing as they seek to understand the marketplace composed of the
very sectors that are part of the new security environment we collectively
face. Just as businesses whose existence and survival depend on clear analysis,
rapid action, and a demonstrated ability to change, those of our institutions
that are concerned with security�and I feel particularly strongly about the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization�need some agility and speed. </p>
<p>����������� To my mind,
nowhere is this more evident than in the area that we call energy security,
where the outcome will be felt at the international, national, and even the
family level. Energy is a global, national, and local issue. It is
fundamentally critical to the economic stability of our markets and it will
have a deep impact on security but also on our environment. Energy and the
energy infrastructure will be true challenges as the global appetite for energy
dramatically increases and our infrastructures do not keep pace, which is
predicted and which will severely strain resources in the future. The next 20
years will see a dramatic rise in demand for electricity, natural gas, and transportation
fuels in a world that we can only begin to understand, and they will
also see a corresponding impact on the environment and the global climate. I am
convinced you cannot have a serious discussion on energy-related issues without
having an environmentalist at the table.</p>
<p>����������� The links
between energy, security, and the security of our critical infrastructures
deserve a little bit more attention. The rise in the demand for energy should
cause us to look critically at both the security and capability of our critical
infrastructures to deal with what I characterize as a coming energy tsunami in
terms of demand. Despite the efforts of many people, Riga only peripherally
touched on the energy security challenge but what it did was encouraging. I
hope that the Alliance will continue to broaden the envelope regarding the
critical energy security issues. </p>
<p>����������� A good example
of the way key international organizations such as the U.N., the European
Union, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization are not changing rapidly
enough to deal with the rapidly changing strategic environment can be seen in
the way they face security challenges�reactively rather than proactively. Being
proactive is required in my view and failure to recognize the imperative to do
so will cause some institutions to fundamentally rethink their raison d�etre in
order to move into new exciting fields; this means that we will wait, possibly
until it is too late. The cost of addressing security challenges, of course,
will increase exponentially the longer we wait.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">ENERGY AS AN INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL, AND FAMILY ISSUE</p>
<p>����������� In places such
as Sudan, where the collective will of many nations is being tested, energy is
a huge part of the problem. It is also fair to say that one element of the
world�s energy portfolio, oil, is being used as both an economic and a
political weapon. This situation is likely to stay as it is for a considerable
period of time, and the implication of the trend for Middle East scenarios is
also significant for the world. The trend towards nationalization of oil assets
is an international security issue�77% of the world�s oil reserves are now
nationally owned. In my view, the question is, can international organizations
stand idly by as the Gulf region slides towards chaos? The energy impacts of
the global supply of oil on that region alone could be very significant in the
future. Isn�t it time to take proactive action to mitigate the effects of a
potential crisis in that region? </p>
<p>����������� The way ahead
is both clear and relatively compelling. When I was offered the opportunity to
form the Institute for 21st Century Energy in association with the
Chamber of Commerce of the United States, I eagerly accepted. I believe it to
be a national security issue as well as an international and family security
issue. We need to consider all three aspects as we undertake our mission and we
need a comprehensive, global energy strategy that is well understood, rational,
workable, and environmentally sensitive. It also must be affordable, diverse,
secure, and fundamental to economic growth and to international and national
security.� </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">EDUCATING THE PUBLIC</p>
<p>����������� Over the next
year, this institute will develop a document that will articulate a pragmatic
strategy for a national view as well as address U.S. responsibility in the
international arena. The United States must be part of the global solution and
not part of the global energy problem.� We will be asking those who sit at our
table, both real and virtual, representing the demand sector, the supply
sector, and the environmental sector, to put self-interest aside in favor of
the common good. We will be educating at the grass-roots level to show our
publics that the issue is much more complex than the price at the pump,
although that seems to stimulate the most activity in the near term. We will
also battle the myths surrounding energy�the idea of energy independence in a
global economy seems somewhat absurd. In addition, we will study the impact of
global warming on future energy solutions and the successes others have had
creating a vision that has materially assisted their national drive. In
particular we should tip our hats to France for its nuclear power vision, which
has put France in a good position, at least in terms of one aspect of energy.
In the United States, the market for alternative sources of energy was $30
billion in 2006. U.S. venture capitalists have invested seven times more in
green technology than their European counterparts, which is one of the brighter
pieces of news that I have been able to uncover thus far.� </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CONCLUDING REMARKS</p>
<p>����������� I conclude that
the only workable solutions are global�individual nations cannot solve the
problems by themselves, although sovereign interests are certainly at stake.
None of our existing institutions, either national or international, seem to be
able to effectively address the diversity of the expanded security challenges,
and change is definitely and urgently required. We will need to deal with these
issues sooner or later, and, in my view, it makes good sense to start now,
before it is too late.� </p>
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