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<title>CSDR 24th International Workshop on Global Security, Michele Alliot-Marie, Herve Morin, General Henri Bentegeat, General Jean-Louis Georgelin, General James L. Jones, Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Patrick Auroy, Kent Schneider, Ambassador Mahmoud Karem, Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, General Franciszek Gagor, Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins, George Joulwan, Borys Tarasyuk, Jean de Ponton d'Amécourt, General Rainer Schuwirth, General Egon Ramms, Gen Ulrich Wolf, Louis Gallois, Marwan Lahoud, Denis Ranque, Edgar Buckley, Assistant Secretary John Grimes, Tim Bloechl, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Microsoft, Robert Ranquet, Admiral Jean Betermier, Giovanni Bertolone, Robert Ranquet, Alenia Aeronautica, Roger Weissinger-Baylon, WMD, Weaapons of Mass Destruction, NATO, EU, UN, OSCE, Paris Air Show, French Defense Minister, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, Climate Change, Energy, Boeing</title>
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<td width="340"><div align="left" class="style262">
<p><span class="style293">international workshop series<br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents<br>
24th International Workshop - </strong><strong>Paris '07</strong></p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><span class="style18"><span class="style219"> </span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/weissinger07.htm">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>
Weissinger-Baylon<br>
Workshop Chairman<br>
</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/ranquet07.htm">Foreword - Ing General<br>
Robert Ranquet<br>
</a></span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/joulwan07.htm">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>
General George Joulwan<br>
Former SACEUR<br>
</a></span></span><br>
Global security challenges: <br>
Is there hope for <br>
Afghanistan or Iraq?<br>
</p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/bentegeat07.htm">General Henri Bentegeat<br>
President of EU Military Committee</a>
<a href="/2007book/georgelin07">Gen Jean-Louis Georgelin C<strong>hef d’état</strong>-<strong>major</strong> des armées - France</a><a href="/2007book/amecourt07.htm">Mr. Jean de Ponton d'Amecourt - French Dir of Strategic Affairs</a><a href="/2007book/schuwirth07.htm">General Rainer Schuwirth <br>
Chief of Staff, SHAPE</a><a href="/2007book/ramms07.htm">General Egon Ramms <br>
Commander, Allied Joint Force Cmd, Brunssum</a>
<a href="/2007book/akram07.htm">
Amb Munir Akram<br>
Pakistan's Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/zhan07.htm">
Major Gen ZHAN Maohai<br>
Vice Chair of China IISS</a><br>
Energy & Climate Change<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/jones07.htm">General James Jones<br>
Former Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a><a href="/2007book/ashton07.htm">Mr. John Ashton<br>
UK Special Repr for Climate Change</a><br>
Security in the Balkans & Black Sea region<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/baramidze07.htm">Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze</a>
<a href="/2007book/tarasyuk07.htm">Ukrainian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk</a>
<a href="/2007book/mediu07.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Fatmir Mediu</a><a href="/2007book/bliznakov07.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Veselin Bliznakov</a><a href="/2007book/bezhuashvili07.htm">Georgian Foreign Min Gela Bezhuashvili</a><a href="/2007book/ildem07.htm">Ambassador <strong> Tacan Ildem</strong><br>
Turkish Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/buzhinsky07.htm">
Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br>
Russian Ministry of Defense</a><br>
Time for new strategies?<br>
NATO after the Riga Summit<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/eldon07.htm">Amb Stewart Eldon<br>
UK Ambassador to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/orgaz07.htm">Amb Pablo Benavides Orgaz<br>
Spanish Amb to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/stefanini07.htm">Amb Stefano Stefanini <br>
Italian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/dipaola07.htm">Adm Giampaolo Di Paola<br>
Italian Chief of Defense<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/gagor07.htm">Gen Franciszek Gagor Polish Chief of Defense</a><br>
How can the EU, NATO, the OSCE, and UN reform?<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/brichambaut07.htm">Amb Marc Perrin de Brichambaut<br>
OSCE Secretary General </a><a href="/2007book/lintonen07.htm">Amb Kirsti Lintonen Finnish Amb to UN</a>
<a href="/2007book/brodi07.htm">Amb Gabor Brodi<br>
Hungarian Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/rinkevics07.htm">State Sec Edgars Rinkevics - Latvian MOD</a><a href="/2007book/linkevicius07.htm">Amb Linas Linkevicius<br>
Lithuanian Amb to NATO<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/chizhov07.htm">Amb Vladimir Chizhov<br>
Russian Amb to the EU<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/monteforte07.htm">Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte<br>
Italian Mil Repr to NATO</a><br>
Dealing with middle east:<br>Views from North Africa
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/yousfi07.htm">Amb Youcef Yousfi<br>
Algerian Amb to UN and former Foreign Minister</a><a href="/2007book/karem07.htm">Amb Mahmoud Karem<br>
Egyptian Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue</a><a href="/2007book/alem07.htm">Amb Menouar Alem<br>
Moroccan Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue<br>
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">WMD and cyber threats
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/pfirter07.htm">Amb Rogelio Pfirter<br>
Director-General, OPCW</a>
<a href="/2007book/hopkins07.htm">Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins<br>
Assist to U.S. Sec of Defense - Nuclear & Chemical & Biological</a><a href="/2007book/aaviksoo07.htm">Estonian Defense Minister<br>
Jaak Aaviksoo</a><a href="/2007book/grimes07.htm">Hon John Grimes<br>
US Assistant Secretary of Defense - NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/lentz07.htm">Mr. Robert Lentz<br>
US Dep Asst Sec for NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/wolf07.htm">Lt General Ulrich Wolf<br>
Dir of NATO CIS Service Agency<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/bloechl07.htm">Mr. Tim Bloechl<br>
Microsoft Exec Director</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">How industry can help address the global challenges<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/lahoud07.htm">Mr. Marwan Lahoud<br>
Chief Operating Office EADS</a><a href="/2007book/schneider07.htm">Mr. Kent Schneider<br>
President, Defense Group<br>
Northrop Grumman IT<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/auroy07.htm">Mr. Patrick Auroy<br>
Deputy Director,<br>
French DGA
<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/volkman07.htm">Mr. Alfred Volkman<br>
Dir, Defense Cooperation<br>
US Dept of Defense<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/linnenkamp07.htm">Dr. Hilmar Linnenkamp<br>
Dep CEO, EDA</a>
<a href="/2007book/lind07.htm">Mr. Jan-Olof Lind<br>
Swedish National Armaments Director</a>
<a href="/2007book/buckley07.htm">Dr. Edgar Buckley<br>
Thales Senior Vice President</a>
<a href="/2007book/trice07">Dr. Robert Trice<br>
Lockheed Martin <br>
Senior Vice President<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/bertolone07.htm">Ing. Giovanni Bertolone<br>
CEO, Alenia Aeronautica</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">The way ahead & why current approaches don't work
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/martinusz07.htm">Amb Zoltan Martinusz<br>
Hungarian Amb to NATO<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/ducaru07.htm">Amb Dumitru Sorin Ducaru<br>
Romanian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/kujat07.htm"> General Harald Kujat<br>
Former Chair of NATO Military Committee</a>
</div>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#006699" height="18" colspan="5"><div align="center" class="style285" style="font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF">Paris '07 Workshop</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class=Section1>
<p align="center" class="style26">The Black Sea Region and the Balkans: a Russian View</p>
<div align="center">
<table width="560" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="238" height="61"><div align="center" class=""></a></div>
<img src="2007images/DSC_0261 Buzhinskiy LR.jpg" alt="Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinskiy" width="228" height="320"></td>
<td width="11" rowspan="2"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="297" rowspan="2" align="left"><div align="center" >
<div>
<p class="style26">Lt. General Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br>
Ministry of Defense<br>
of the
Russian Federation<br>
</p>
</div>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Lieutenant General Evgeniy Buzhinsky, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, in front of the Dome of the Hotel National des Invalides.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center" class="style26"><em>"Should
there be a worst-case scenario in the Middle East, the Black Sea region could
make an essential <br>
contribution to European energy security. At the same time,
its energy potential is a challenge...<br>
its infrastructure is highly
attractive to terrorists of various kinds and <br>
cannot absolutely
be protected
against current threats."</em></p>
<p>The topic of the Balkans and
the Black Sea region is of special importance to Russia, especially in the
context of challenges and threats. I would like to begin talking about the
topic by discussing the problems of the Black Sea region. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CHALLENGES IN THE BLACK SEA REGION</p>
<p>��������� Lately politicians
speak more about the expanded Black Sea region, including not only the coastal
states but also Moldova, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Greece, and, as some say, the United States. We in Russia believe that this region is not some gray zone in the center of
Europe, the Eurasian continent, or the expanded Middle East, but an area in
which a number of factors converge and influence the relations between
countries both inside the region and far outside it.</p>
<p>It is quite obvious that the Black Sea region is an integral part of the old European security and cooperation system. I
cannot help but mention that some Black Sea region states are still in the
process of painful and stormy state construction and transformation, with
multiple unresolved problems, including their territorial integrity. I also
would point out that this process is taking place in parallel with the
development of a democratic society in these countries, and that sometimes the
two contradict each other.� </p>
<p>What challenges and threats
does Russia see for the region? And what makes this region, which some in the
West call a new bullfight arena, so important for the strategy of the European
and Euro-Atlantic communities?� </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">Energy and Transportation Issues</p>
<p>The first challenge is the
energy resources and unique transit potential of the Black Sea region. Russia is convinced of their importance as guarantors of future energy security in Europe. Should
there be a worst-case scenario in the Middle East, the Black Sea region could
make an essential contribution to European energy security. At the same time,
its energy potential is a challenge, because its infrastructure is highly
attractive to terrorists of various kinds and cannot absolutely be protected
against current threats.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">Globalization Issues</p>
<p>Second, the risks and threats
in the Black Sea region are natural consequences of both global tendencies and
the processes taking place in the region. Modern communications and transport
facilities, the increased mobility of the population, and economic weakness in
the region promote organized crime activities including human, drugs, and arms
smuggling.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">Frozen Conflicts</p>
<p>A third challenge is the
so-called frozen conflicts. Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan face deadlocked problems that arose from the aspirations of unrecognized entities, such
as administrative units and self-proclaimed territorial entities, for
independence, a consequence of the disintegration of a larger state, namely,
the Soviet Union. Currently there are four frozen conflicts in the region�in
Abkhazia, Transdnistria, South Ossetia, and Nagorno-Karabach�that have lasted
approximately the same amount of time. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">SOLVING THE CONFLICTS</p>
<p>In the West, we often hear
that conflicts must be resolved as soon as possible. Withdrawal of Russian
peacemakers from conflict zones has been suggested among other possibilities to
solve the conflicts. But which is better�to carry out peacekeeping operations
to separate conflicting parties or to leave the place, allowing violence to be
renewed? Russian peacekeepers remain in conflict zones not just at the will of Russia but at the request of the conflicting parties and with their consent. When people
ask, �What is the relationship between the Russian Federation and all the
events taking place there?� I believe that the answer is quite clear: Abkhazia
and South Ossetia have common borders with Russia. A significant number of
Russian citizens also live in the territories. And the Russian Federation acts as mediator and guarantor of settlement conflict in Abkhazia, South Ossetia, and Transdnistria. </p>
<p>What, in my opinion, must be
done to solve these conflicts?� In Nagorno-Karabach, negotiations under the
auspices of the OSCE have been ongoing for more than 10 years to achieve a
compromise on Nagorno-Karabach�s territorial domain status. They have achieved
no results, and the position of the Russian Federation on Nagorno-Karabach
remains unchanged. We oppose any imposition of outside recipes on the
participants of the conflict�they should make their own choice.� </p>
<p>In Transdnistria, Abkhazia,
and South Ossetia, unrecognized republics demand recognition of their de facto
independence and their right to sovereignty�the Transdnistrian and Moldovan
republics, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia have existed for more than 15 years. We
are deeply convinced that there are several ways to solve their problems. First
of all, the problems should be solved in their own region. I would especially
like to emphasize that a double standard would be unacceptable during the
course of the solution; for example, you cannot struggle with separatism in the
Caucasus and simultaneously encourage it in the Balkans. You cannot divide
terrorists into friends and foes. And it is intolerable to demand the return of
refugees in one part of Europe and forget about them in another part.� </p>
<p>Russia is ready to support any solution to the problems that
will suit all parties involved; if a compromise is reached, Russia will also act as a guarantor of the settlement. In our opinion, any decision that
will return stability and calm to the South Caucasus, maintain the historical
geopolitical balance of power during the post-conflict period, and not return
the region to one of international political and military rivalry will be
viable and long lasting. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">FINDING A MORE PURPOSEFUL APPROACH</p>
<p>��������� All of what I have
mentioned show the complexity of the problems, tendencies, and challenges the Black Sea region faces. Resolving and settling these issues will require the joint action
of the international community, though, of course, it is impossible to prepare
a universal recipe for settling specific conflicts. However, I do suggest that,
to return stability and safety to the region, the present political leadership
of the countries in the region show a more purposeful approach to regional
problems. The major international players should also choose precise, common
approaches and standards for solving the frozen conflicts and the international
organizations should promote solutions to problems concerning regional safety. </p>
<p>��������� This means fully
employing the creative mechanisms in the Black Sea region for countering
threats, including terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. Specifically I
mean the operational naval group BLACKSEAFOR and the anti-terrorist operation
Black Sea Harmony.� I also believe that the OSCE is not fully performing in the
Black Sea region. We should also call on such mechanisms as the Russia-NATO
Council, the NATO-Ukraine Commission, the Partnership for Peace program, and
the European Union�s recently adopted Black Sea Synergy Concept. Countries in
the region should also pay more attention to developing good neighborly
relations, trust, and cooperation.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CHALLENGES IN THE BALKANS</p>
<p>��������� Regarding the
Balkans, the new European realities are now touching in the most direct way a
wide spectrum of national interests of the Russian Federation. In the
geostrategic context, the Balkans are for us an important element of
communication that connects Russia with Europe and provides us with access to
global trade routes. In the geopolitical context, Russia�s interests have
historically concentrated there. But the situation in the Balkans now is much
more complicated. For the last 15 years, changes have been taking place in the
post-Yugoslav ethnic and political space. In addition, I believe that the near
future of European development will depend on the solution to the problems in
the Balkans. In my opinion, this is a long-term challenge to European stability
and security.� </p>
<p>There are two closely
connected issues regarding these problems: where the borders will be
established and on what basis the new countries will be formed�as civil
societies or ethnic ones.� The agreement on Kosovo between Russia and the West is well known�we are facing a dilemma.� Even if the international
community and the U.N. Security Council formally establish Kosovo�s status,
real life does not guarantee that it will not be applied to other situations.
Whether anyone at this workshop wants it or not, Kosovo will unavoidably be
perceived as a precedent in many places around the world. </p>
<p>�Is there any way out of the
Kosovo deadlock? If Kosovo�s independence is proclaimed unilaterally, such a
decision will not bring the Serbs back to Kosovo and will not guarantee their
rights. Who can guarantee that coming events will not set off the powder keg of
Europe? The difficulties of the Balkan situation are also worsening in another
way, because of the aspiration of Serb leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina to
conduct a referendum and separate themselves from Bosnia Herzegovina. What
can Russia and the West do in this situation? It is hardly possible to give you
the clear-cut answer that both political leaders as well as international
organizations are trying to find. Apparently, the agenda includes a burning
question about finding a reasonable compromise and bringing about mutual
understanding to stabilize the Balkans. Finding the solution to ethnic and territorial
problems within the united Europe is an attractive concept. However, it will
probably take a long time to bring it to life.� </p>
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