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<title>CSDR 24th International Workshop on Global Security, Michele Alliot-Marie,
Franz-Josef Jung, General Henri Bentegeat, General James L. Jones, General
George Joulwan, Borys Tarasyuk, Jean de Ponton d'Amécourt, General Rainer
Schuwirth, General Egon Ramms, Louis Gallois, Denis Ranque, BDLI, Berlin
Air Show, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Microsoft</title>
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<p><span class="style293">international workshop series<br>
on global security </span><br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents<br>
24th International Workshop - </strong><strong>Paris '07</strong></p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><span class="style18"><span class="style219"> </span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/weissinger07.htm">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>
Weissinger-Baylon<br>
Workshop Chairman<br>
</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/ranquet07.htm">Foreword - Ing General<br>
Robert Ranquet<br>
</a></span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/joulwan07.htm">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>
General George Joulwan<br>
Former SACEUR<br>
</a></span></span><br>
Global security challenges: <br>
Is there hope for <br>
Afghanistan or Iraq?<br>
</p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/bentegeat07.htm">General Henri Bentegeat<br>
President of EU Military Committee</a>
<a href="/2007book/georgelin07">Gen Jean-Louis Georgelin C<strong>hef d’état</strong>-<strong>major</strong> des armées - France</a><a href="/2007book/amecourt07.htm">Mr. Jean de Ponton d'Amecourt - French Dir of Strategic Affairs</a><a href="/2007book/schuwirth07.htm">General Rainer Schuwirth <br>
Chief of Staff, SHAPE</a><a href="/2007book/ramms07.htm">General Egon Ramms <br>
Commander, Allied Joint Force Cmd, Brunssum</a>
<a href="/2007book/akram07.htm">
Amb Munir Akram<br>
Pakistan's Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/zhan07.htm">
Major Gen ZHAN Maohai<br>
Vice Chair of China IISS</a><br>
Energy & Climate Change<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/jones07.htm">General James Jones<br>
Former Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a><a href="/2007book/ashton07.htm">Mr. John Ashton<br>
UK Special Repr for Climate Change</a><br>
Security in the Balkans & Black Sea region<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/baramidze07.htm">Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze</a>
<a href="/2007book/tarasyuk07.htm">Ukrainian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk</a>
<a href="/2007book/mediu07.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Fatmir Mediu</a><a href="/2007book/bliznakov07.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Veselin Bliznakov</a><a href="/2007book/bezhuashvili07.htm">Georgian Foreign Min Gela Bezhuashvili</a><a href="/2007book/ildem07.htm">Ambassador <strong> Tacan Ildem</strong><br>
Turkish Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/buzhinsky07.htm">
Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br>
Russian Ministry of Defense</a><br>
Time for new strategies?<br>
NATO after the Riga Summit<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/eldon07.htm">Amb Stewart Eldon<br>
UK Ambassador to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/orgaz07.htm">Amb Pablo Benavides Orgaz<br>
Spanish Amb to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/stefanini07.htm">Amb Stefano Stefanini <br>
Italian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/dipaola07.htm">Adm Giampaolo Di Paola<br>
Italian Chief of Defense<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/gagor07.htm">Gen Franciszek Gagor Polish Chief of Defense</a><br>
How can the EU, NATO, the OSCE, and UN reform?<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/brichambaut07.htm">Amb Marc Perrin de Brichambaut<br>
OSCE Secretary General </a><a href="/2007book/lintonen07.htm">Amb Kirsti Lintonen Finnish Amb to UN</a>
<a href="/2007book/brodi07.htm">Amb Gabor Brodi<br>
Hungarian Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/rinkevics07.htm">State Sec Edgars Rinkevics - Latvian MOD</a><a href="/2007book/linkevicius07.htm">Amb Linas Linkevicius<br>
Lithuanian Amb to NATO<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/chizhov07.htm">Amb Vladimir Chizhov<br>
Russian Amb to the EU<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/monteforte07.htm">Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte<br>
Italian Mil Repr to NATO</a><br>
Dealing with middle east:<br>Views from North Africa
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/yousfi07.htm">Amb Youcef Yousfi<br>
Algerian Amb to UN and former Foreign Minister</a><a href="/2007book/karem07.htm">Amb Mahmoud Karem<br>
Egyptian Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue</a><a href="/2007book/alem07.htm">Amb Menouar Alem<br>
Moroccan Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue<br>
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">WMD and cyber threats
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/pfirter07.htm">Amb Rogelio Pfirter<br>
Director-General, OPCW</a>
<a href="/2007book/hopkins07.htm">Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins<br>
Assist to U.S. Sec of Defense - Nuclear & Chemical & Biological</a><a href="/2007book/aaviksoo07.htm">Estonian Defense Minister<br>
Jaak Aaviksoo</a><a href="/2007book/grimes07.htm">Hon John Grimes<br>
US Assistant Secretary of Defense - NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/lentz07.htm">Mr. Robert Lentz<br>
US Dep Asst Sec for NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/wolf07.htm">Lt General Ulrich Wolf<br>
Dir of NATO CIS Service Agency<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/bloechl07.htm">Mr. Tim Bloechl<br>
Microsoft Exec Director</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">How industry can help address the global challenges<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/lahoud07.htm">Mr. Marwan Lahoud<br>
Chief Operating Office EADS</a><a href="/2007book/schneider07.htm">Mr. Kent Schneider<br>
President, Defense Group<br>
Northrop Grumman IT<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/auroy07.htm">Mr. Patrick Auroy<br>
Deputy Director,<br>
French DGA
<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/volkman07.htm">Mr. Alfred Volkman<br>
Dir, Defense Cooperation<br>
US Dept of Defense<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/linnenkamp07.htm">Dr. Hilmar Linnenkamp<br>
Dep CEO, EDA</a>
<a href="/2007book/lind07.htm">Mr. Jan-Olof Lind<br>
Swedish National Armaments Director</a>
<a href="/2007book/buckley07.htm">Dr. Edgar Buckley<br>
Thales Senior Vice President</a>
<a href="/2007book/trice07">Dr. Robert Trice<br>
Lockheed Martin <br>
Senior Vice President<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/bertolone07.htm">Ing. Giovanni Bertolone<br>
CEO, Alenia Aeronautica</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">The way ahead & why current approaches don't work
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/martinusz07.htm">Amb Zoltan Martinusz<br>
Hungarian Amb to NATO<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/ducaru07.htm">Amb Dumitru Sorin Ducaru<br>
Romanian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/kujat07.htm"> General Harald Kujat<br>
Former Chair of NATO Military Committee</a>
</div>
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<table width="99%" border="0">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#006699" height="18" colspan="5"><div align="center" class="style285" style="font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF">Paris '07 Workshop</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<div class=Section1>
<p align="center" class="style26">Towards a Stable and Secure Black Sea Region</p>
<div align="center">
<table width="56%" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="297"><div align="center" class=""><img src="2007images/Bezhuashvili DSC_1078 Black Sea.jpg" alt="Georgian Foreign Minister Gela Bezhuashvili" width="284" height="247" longdesc="../2006book/img/hopkins.jpg"></div></td>
<td width="10" rowspan="2"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="224" rowspan="2"><div align="center" class="style27">
<div>
<p class="style26">His Excellency<br>
Gela Bezhuashvili<br>
</p>
<p class="style26">Minister of Foreign Affairs <br>
of Georgia<br>
</p>
<p class="style26"> </p>
</div>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" valign="top">Georgian Defense Minister Gela Bezhuashvili (left) with Bulgarian Defense Minister Vesselin Bliznakov (center) and Albanian Defense Minister Fatmir Mediu (right).</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center" class="style26"><em>"The biggest
security threats are unresolved territorial conflicts in the Black Sea area.
They undermine <br>
economic cooperation. They breed suspicion and tensions...
And they considerably undermine
<br>
the statehood of most of the conflict-afflicted countries...
[which] renders <br>
secessionist
entities in these states virtual black holes, <br>
plagued by lawlessness and
smuggling."</em></p>
<p>It is my genuine pleasure
and honor to participate for the second time in this workshop. I would like to
share my views on the security challenges in the region that has become one of
the most dynamic parts of Europe.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">THE BLACK SEA REGION�S TIES TO EUROPEAN AND EURO-ATLANTIC STRUCTURES</p>
<p>Events in and
around the wider Black Sea area in recent years have underscored the region�s
deep relevance to the entire European as well as the Euro-Atlantic space. The
Rose and Orange Revolutions in Georgia and Ukraine ushered in a period of
crucial democratic transformation in the region. Together with other positive
developments of recent years, this has helped anchor the entire Black Sea area in the European space.</p>
<p>The EU in
particular has a special stake in this region. Romania and Bulgaria joined the EU in January 2007, a watershed event in the history of the Black Sea, which has
now fully returned to its traditional European fold. The wider Black Sea
neighborhood is now an integral part of the European and Euro-Atlantic space,
in political, economic, and security terms, and what happens there will have an
impact on all of Europe. The area�s newfound relevance is clearly reflected in
the EU�s new European Neighborhood Policy.</p>
<p>In recent years
we have seen very vividly that, along with a significant potential for
democratic development and economic growth, the region might soon establish
itself as an important hub for energy and transportation flows. Within the South Caucasus alone, launching of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and Baku-Tbilisi-Erzurum
pipelines as well as the Kars-Akhalkalaki-Tbilisi-Baku railway are all eloquent
attestations to the prospects of the region. The natural quest of the Black Sea
states to deepen their cooperation regarding democratic reforms, economic
progress, and mutual security has also resulted in new regional formats and
initiatives such as the Community of Democratic Choice and the Organization for
Democracy and Economic Development�GUAM.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CHALLENGES IN THE BLACK SEA REGION</p>
<p>Along with
opportunities, the unique geographic location of the Black Sea region and its
political landscape bring an array of daunting challenges and threats that
hinder considerably the positive trends in the constituent countries. The
challenges and threats we face are manifold and, because they emanate not only
from the Black Sea littoral and neighboring states but from turbulent states
beyond the area, they underscore the interdependence of today�s world regions.
A number of unlawful activities, including illegal trafficking in human beings,
narcotic substances, and conventional weapons, make their way to the west from
the Middle East and Asia. It is obvious that if we fail to effectively confront
these challenges today, tomorrow�s opportunities will be irretrievably lost.</p>
<p>The biggest
security threats are unresolved territorial conflicts in the Black Sea area.
They undermine economic cooperation. They breed suspicion and tensions, putting
a chill on sorely needed political dialogue.� And they considerably undermine
the statehood of most of the conflict-afflicted countries. The latter
consequence is particularly pernicious, as state weakness renders secessionist
entities in these states virtual black holes, plagued by lawlessness and
smuggling. The recent seizure of highly enriched uranium in one of the black
holes in the Tskhinvali region/South Ossetia, the breakaway province of Georgia, speaks for itself.</p>
<p>Given this
situation, it is clear that if we aim to bring stability to this important
region, we will have to focus first and foremost on these conflicts. But this
is not a challenge we can resolve on our own�we need the international
community to become more actively engaged in the peace process. One of the
overriding challenges facing the international community at the dawn of the new
century is strengthening democratic governance in the Black Sea states, which
find themselves at a critical juncture in their history.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">GEORGIA�S CONTRIBUTIONS TO SECURITY AND STABILITY </p>
<p>Georgia�s successes in democratic state-building and economic reform represent crucial factors for
the future of democracy in a number of countries of the post-Soviet space and Black Sea area. Our country has proven its commitment to and its ability to be a reliable
member of the international community. We have graduated from being a consumer
of aid and security�by virtue of our democratic development, our economic
progress, the participation of our forces in global security operations, and
our involvement in regional energy projects, Georgia is now a net contributor
to international and European stability and security.</p>
<p>Our strategic
location and progress in reforms make us a natural partner of the European
Union. By stepping up our cooperation, Georgia�together with the other
countries of the wider Black Sea area�can more quickly become the bridge that
connects Europe with Central Asia, the Middle East, and Asia. We can thus help
spread stability to and assist democratic development in these crucial parts of
Eurasia.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">THE BLACK SEA REGION AND ENERGY SECURITY</p>
<p>The Black Sea region is also an indispensable part of another dimension of European security:
energy security, which has gained extraordinary salience recently. With steep
growth and demand, energy producers have found themselves in a position of
strength and tend to wield their clout as an instrument of political and
economic intimidation.� This should not be acceptable to us. We need reliable energy
providers and we need to diversify our sources of supply and transit. A stable,
democratic, and economically prosperous Black Sea area can serve as a natural
energy conduit to the markets of Europe for the vast supplies of energy in the
Caspian and the Middle East.</p>
<p>In this
connection, I would like to elaborate briefly on two important initiatives of
the German EU presidency�Black Sea Synergy and the newly articulated Central
Asia Strategy. Central Asia, of course, is critical to European energy security,
yet recent developments with respect to the transportation of its vast energy
resources once again have demonstrated the difficulties the EU faces in
engaging with this landlocked region. I believe that these developments
underscore how essential it is for the EU to take full advantage of the Black
Sea region and the South Caucasus in particular as Europe�s natural gateway to Central Asia. Securing the Black Sea as a stable, prosperous, and democratic region�fully
integrated into European and Euro-Atlantic institutions�will help cement
cooperation with Central Asian states over the longer term. The Black Sea
Synergy initiative serves precisely this goal as it envisages stepping up
cooperation in practically all spheres that reflect priorities and where the
European Union is already involved.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">DEFINING THE BLACK SEA�S REGIONAL IDENTITY</p>
<p>As we deepen
and quicken our cooperation with the European Union, it is vital to bear in
mind that a coherent, unified Black Sea regional identity has yet to emerge.
This means that, up to now, the states of the region still harbor differing and
sometimes contradictory conceptions of the opportunities and challenges they
face. A number of regional arrangements, formats, and instruments that have
been developed over the past 15 years reflect these diverse interpretations and
aspirations.</p>
<p>For this
reason, in pursing Black Sea synergy, we should respect and cooperate with all
regional initiatives. We should start by focusing on smaller, targeted projects
within the framework of the Black Sea Synergy Initiative�projects that at the
early stages may involve only a small number of willing states. This gradual
approach will eventually lead to more inclusive regional cooperation and
contribute to forging a common regional identity.</p>
<p>Georgia is profoundly committed to joint efforts to build stability and foster progress in
the region, so that the threats we face today do not become the crises of
tomorrow. The Black Sea should be a uniting sea�a region of stability,
security, and economic well-being and the bridge that connects the EU with Asia
and the Middle East.</p>
<p>May we realize this vision together.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CONCLUDING REMARKS</p>
<p>To conclude, I
would like to thank in particular the French Ministry of Defense and the Center
for Strategic Decision Research for organizing this workshop. I am convinced
that this kind of workshop is of paramount importance for sharing opinions,
positions, and experience and hence for finding common understanding and,
perhaps, solutions to all of our pressing security issues.</p>
</div>
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