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<title>CSDR 24th International Workshop on Global Security, Michele Alliot-Marie, Herve Morin, General Henri Bentegeat, General Jean-Louis Georgelin, General James L. Jones, Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Patrick Auroy, Kent Schneider, Ambassador Mahmoud Karem, Admiral Giampaolo Di Paola, General Franciszek Gagor, Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins, George Joulwan, Borys Tarasyuk, Jean de Ponton d'Amécourt, General Rainer Schuwirth, General Egon Ramms, Gen Ulrich Wolf, Louis Gallois, Marwan Lahoud, Denis Ranque, Edgar Buckley, Assistant Secretary John Grimes, Tim Bloechl, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Microsoft, Robert Ranquet, Admiral Jean Betermier, Giovanni Bertolone, Robert Ranquet, Alenia Aeronautica, Roger Weissinger-Baylon, WMD, Weaapons of Mass Destruction, NATO, EU, UN, OSCE, Paris Air Show, French Defense Minister, Afghanistan, Iraq, Kosovo, Climate Change, Energy, Boeing</title>
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<p><span class="style293">international workshop series<br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents<br>
24th International Workshop - </strong><strong>Paris '07</strong></p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><span class="style18"><span class="style219"> </span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/weissinger07.htm">Preface- Dr. Roger<br>
Weissinger-Baylon<br>
Workshop Chairman<br>
</a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/ranquet07.htm">Foreword - Ing General<br>
Robert Ranquet<br>
</a></span>
<span class="style219"><a href="/2007book/joulwan07.htm">Opening Dinner Debate - <br>
General George Joulwan<br>
Former SACEUR<br>
</a></span></span><br>
Global security challenges: <br>
Is there hope for <br>
Afghanistan or Iraq?<br>
</p>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/bentegeat07.htm">General Henri Bentegeat<br>
President of EU Military Committee</a>
<a href="/2007book/georgelin07">Gen Jean-Louis Georgelin C<strong>hef d’état</strong>-<strong>major</strong> des armées - France</a><a href="/2007book/amecourt07.htm">Mr. Jean de Ponton d'Amecourt - French Dir of Strategic Affairs</a><a href="/2007book/schuwirth07.htm">General Rainer Schuwirth <br>
Chief of Staff, SHAPE</a><a href="/2007book/ramms07.htm">General Egon Ramms <br>
Commander, Allied Joint Force Cmd, Brunssum</a>
<a href="/2007book/akram07.htm">
Amb Munir Akram<br>
Pakistan's Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/zhan07.htm">
Major Gen ZHAN Maohai<br>
Vice Chair of China IISS</a><br>
Energy & Climate Change<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/jones07.htm">General James Jones<br>
Former Supreme Allied Commander Europe</a><a href="/2007book/ashton07.htm">Mr. John Ashton<br>
UK Special Repr for Climate Change</a><br>
Security in the Balkans & Black Sea region<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/baramidze07.htm">Georgian Vice Prime Minister Giorgi Baramidze</a>
<a href="/2007book/tarasyuk07.htm">Ukrainian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk</a>
<a href="/2007book/mediu07.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Fatmir Mediu</a><a href="/2007book/bliznakov07.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Veselin Bliznakov</a><a href="/2007book/bezhuashvili07.htm">Georgian Foreign Min Gela Bezhuashvili</a><a href="/2007book/ildem07.htm">Ambassador <strong> Tacan Ildem</strong><br>
Turkish Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/buzhinsky07.htm">
Lt Gen Evgeniy Buzhinsky<br>
Russian Ministry of Defense</a><br>
Time for new strategies?<br>
NATO after the Riga Summit<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/eldon07.htm">Amb Stewart Eldon<br>
UK Ambassador to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/orgaz07.htm">Amb Pablo Benavides Orgaz<br>
Spanish Amb to NATO</a>
<a href="/2007book/stefanini07.htm">Amb Stefano Stefanini <br>
Italian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/dipaola07.htm">Adm Giampaolo Di Paola<br>
Italian Chief of Defense<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/gagor07.htm">Gen Franciszek Gagor Polish Chief of Defense</a><br>
How can the EU, NATO, the OSCE, and UN reform?<br>
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/brichambaut07.htm">Amb Marc Perrin de Brichambaut<br>
OSCE Secretary General </a><a href="/2007book/lintonen07.htm">Amb Kirsti Lintonen Finnish Amb to UN</a>
<a href="/2007book/brodi07.htm">Amb Gabor Brodi<br>
Hungarian Amb to UN</a><a href="/2007book/rinkevics07.htm">State Sec Edgars Rinkevics - Latvian MOD</a><a href="/2007book/linkevicius07.htm">Amb Linas Linkevicius<br>
Lithuanian Amb to NATO<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/chizhov07.htm">Amb Vladimir Chizhov<br>
Russian Amb to the EU<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/monteforte07.htm">Vice Adm Ferdinando Sanfelice di Monteforte<br>
Italian Mil Repr to NATO</a><br>
Dealing with middle east:<br>Views from North Africa
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/yousfi07.htm">Amb Youcef Yousfi<br>
Algerian Amb to UN and former Foreign Minister</a><a href="/2007book/karem07.htm">Amb Mahmoud Karem<br>
Egyptian Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue</a><a href="/2007book/alem07.htm">Amb Menouar Alem<br>
Moroccan Amb to EU and Repr to Med Dialogue<br>
</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">WMD and cyber threats
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/pfirter07.htm">Amb Rogelio Pfirter<br>
Director-General, OPCW</a>
<a href="/2007book/hopkins07.htm">Dr. Arthur T. Hopkins<br>
Assist to U.S. Sec of Defense - Nuclear & Chemical & Biological</a><a href="/2007book/aaviksoo07.htm">Estonian Defense Minister<br>
Jaak Aaviksoo</a><a href="/2007book/grimes07.htm">Hon John Grimes<br>
US Assistant Secretary of Defense - NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/lentz07.htm">Mr. Robert Lentz<br>
US Dep Asst Sec for NII<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/wolf07.htm">Lt General Ulrich Wolf<br>
Dir of NATO CIS Service Agency<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/bloechl07.htm">Mr. Tim Bloechl<br>
Microsoft Exec Director</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">How industry can help address the global challenges<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/lahoud07.htm">Mr. Marwan Lahoud<br>
Chief Operating Office EADS</a><a href="/2007book/schneider07.htm">Mr. Kent Schneider<br>
President, Defense Group<br>
Northrop Grumman IT<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/auroy07.htm">Mr. Patrick Auroy<br>
Deputy Director,<br>
French DGA
<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/volkman07.htm">Mr. Alfred Volkman<br>
Dir, Defense Cooperation<br>
US Dept of Defense<br>
</a>
<a href="/2007book/linnenkamp07.htm">Dr. Hilmar Linnenkamp<br>
Dep CEO, EDA</a>
<a href="/2007book/lind07.htm">Mr. Jan-Olof Lind<br>
Swedish National Armaments Director</a>
<a href="/2007book/buckley07.htm">Dr. Edgar Buckley<br>
Thales Senior Vice President</a>
<a href="/2007book/trice07">Dr. Robert Trice<br>
Lockheed Martin <br>
Senior Vice President<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/bertolone07.htm">Ing. Giovanni Bertolone<br>
CEO, Alenia Aeronautica</a>
<p align="center" class="style17">The way ahead & why current approaches don't work
<p align="center" class="style17"><a href="/2007book/martinusz07.htm">Amb Zoltan Martinusz<br>
Hungarian Amb to NATO<br>
</a><a href="/2007book/ducaru07.htm">Amb Dumitru Sorin Ducaru<br>
Romanian Amb to NATO</a><a href="/2007book/kujat07.htm"> General Harald Kujat<br>
Former Chair of NATO Military Committee</a>
</div>
</div>
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<table width="100%" border="0">
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#006699" height="18" colspan="5"><div align="center" class="style285" style="font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF">Paris '07 Workshop</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p align="center" class="style26">Responding to New Threats: a Long-Term Vision for Developing Armaments Technology and Cooperation Strategies<br>
</p>
<div align="center">
<table width="691" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="329"><div align="center"><img src="2007images/DSC_0673 Patrick Auroy and flags DAY II.JPG" alt="Mr. Patrick Auroy, French DGA" width="327" height="217"></div></td>
<td width="7"> </td>
<td width="354"><div align="center">
<p class="style26">Mr. Patrick Auroy<br />
Director for Force Systems and Industrial, <br />
Technological, and Cooperation Strategies <br />
</p>
<p class="style26"> Delegation Generale pour l'Armement, <br />
Ministry of Defense of France</p>
</div></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="left">Mr. Patrick Auroy, Deputy Director of the French Delegation generale pour armement.</td>
<td><div align="center"></div></td>
<td width="1"><div align="center" class="style27">
<div>
<p class="style26"><br>
</p>
</div>
</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
<p align="center" class="style26"><em>"...All stakeholders must develop
federated approaches—security can no longer rely upon the aggregation <br>
of
fragmented, dispersed, non-coherent local and specific solutions nor rely upon
solutions devised in <br>
a reactive manner and inherited from yesterday’s practices"</em></p>
<p>Francois Lureau, the French
National Armaments Director, would have been very happy to give this address.
Unfortunately, he is unable to do so and has asked me to deliver it, focusing
mostly on armaments matters related to security issues. To introduce the
address, I would like to recall that threats have now become diverse and
global. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">THE NATURE OF THREATS</p>
<p>First, let me discuss the
military threat. I believe we can say that large-scale aggression against a
European member-state is currently quite unlikely and that the new threats we
face include terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction,
which are more diverse, less visible, and less predictable. The new threats are
also global. For example, we now face complex natural risks that can cause
cyber damage worldwide as well as major disorders within our societies. Against
this backdrop, the line between homeland and foreign security is quite blurred.</p>
<p>Even when threats are at a
rather low level, we must keep in mind that they can return to a high-intensity
level at any time. To cope with the uncertainty, the answer to threats must be
global and coordinated at an international level. The following is the French
view, or the French minister of defense’s view, of the way we in the armaments
field try to contribute to a global answer to security issues in a way that
works at the international level. </p>
<p>The French view is that we
will not succeed without a radical change in the way we deal with threats,
based on three main ideas: </p>
<p>� Developing a long-term
vision of threats and the capabilities we need in the future� </p>
<p>� Acquiring more technology�in the
face of multiple threats and a culture of human resources and procedures, we
need to adopt a culture of technology and investment� </p>
<p>� All stakeholders must develop
federated approaches�security can no longer rely upon the aggregation of
fragmented, dispersed, non-coherent local and specific solutions nor rely upon
solutions devised in a reactive manner and inherited from yesterday�s practices�we
definitely need to improve synergy between defense and security. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">Developing a Long-Term Vision</p>
<p>For armaments, a long-term
vision is essential for guiding us in solving all the various issues we face
going forward. We need a structured process to plan tomorrow’s programs. In
order to develop this vision for the security field, we must analyze needs
based on a capability approach that is global and targets both defense and
security issues. By doing so, we can define in a precise way the minimum
capabilities needed for all users and imagine new solutions that are more
innovative, more efficient, and also cost-effective. </p>
<p>I am not so sure that we
can successfully extend to the security field the tools that we developed in
the armaments field. I am thinking, for instance, about what we call Battelle
labs or technical-operational labs. These are virtual or hybrid design
platforms that offer the possibility of immersing very diverse and dispersed
users in future environments and solutions. Thanks to these tools, we can
better understand future capabilities and systems and so obtain better and
cheaper designs. In other words, using all available tools, we must establish
with all stakeholders a shared and across-the-board long-term vision of the
policies and capabilities needed.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">Acquiring More Technology</p>
<p>Going deeper into the need
for more technology, global security issues lead to new technological
challenges; as we enlarge defense research and technology and keep a close
synergy with it, we will need to deal with specific research and technology
needs. Some of the most demanding technological challenges, for example,
include enhanced performance for all the new types of sensors, explosives
detection, imagery of hidden objects, automatic speech processing, detection of
weak signals for warning purposes, exploitation of data, using robotics,
integrating organizational and human factors, and designing complex systems.</p>
<p>All of these challenges
require new research initiatives. We must follow a fully transverse approach
that involves all stakeholders. We also need to act within a multidisciplinary
framework, allowing and developing synergies, combining and guaranteeing
cross-consistency, and successfully integrating numerous components. We also
need to develop the important core of existing military research and
methodology. At present, 15% of research and technology contracted by the
French MOD contributes directly to security issues. </p>
<p>Mastering technologies, of
course, is essential for developing capabilities in due time but it also
ensures the competitiveness of our technology providers and consequently the
availability at both the national and European level of such things as space
systems, pictography, the Internet, and control of sensitive information of
every kind. </p>
<p>The development of
technology should therefore be pursued with the clear objective of developing
an autonomous and competitive European industrial and technological base with
strong, complete cooperation. Our strategy is based on three points: developing
industrial capabilities to guarantee strategic autonomy; rationalizing the
European defense and technology industrial base around centers of excellence;
and taking part in the implementation of a competitive autonomy policy. We in France aim to combine the best economic efficiency of Ministry of Defense investments with
access to the technological and industrial capabilities needed by the armed
forces. All of this implies the need for a high technological level in security
and defense systems.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">Developing a Federated Approach</p>
<p>Regarding the need for a
federated approach for all stakeholders, the security dimension has already
changed. This breakthrough includes two main trends, the first of which relates
to the emergence of standards for security products and practices and the
second to the emergence of wide systems that already exist in defense. Both
trends can be seen in such areas as surveillance and intervention in the
maritime domain; surveillance and integrated management of borders; the overall
security of the logistics chain; and major crisis management, communication,
and interoperability. The interesting point to note concerning these wide
systems is that most of the time they are both civilian and military in nature.
Because insuring security is a vast and complex task that involves many actors
and components, it is essential to put in place transverse approaches that
efficiently link these actors and multiply effectiveness. </p>
<p>So far I have detailed the
way we are trying to build a global solution by developing a long-term vision,
one that must be sustained by technology and a federated approach. But in a
world in which crises are definitely international and in which countries must
be able to intervene worldwide to protect their own interests and to contribute
to international security, a global solution must be coordinated. Regarding
armament matters, France has clearly chosen to cooperatively prepare and
procure the military equipment needed for its armed forces except for a small
amount of equipment and systems related to sovereignty.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">WORKING WITH NATO AND THE EUROPEAN DEFENSE AGENCY</p>
<p>In the next part of my
address I am going to focus on two main multilateral frameworks within which France cooperates: NATO and the European Defense Agency. For more than 50 years, NATO has
been the framework for collective defense in Europe. Beside being a military
alliance, NATO is a necessary framework for defining interoperability
requirements. It is also the natural framework for large transatlantic programs
based on multinational systems of national systems logic; the recent active
layered theater ballistic missile defense program and the promising Magic
Demonstrator are good examples of such an approach. However, from time to time
we are quite skeptical about procuring a NATO-owned system whose freedom of use
may be limited in non-NATO operations. France supports a NATO network-enabled
capability (NEC) approach as a way to improve the interoperability and
efficiency of our military systems when used in a coalition environment. </p>
<p>While transatlantic
cooperation, either bilateral, multilateral, or through NATO, contributes to
essential capabilities, it is in need of improvement to better balance the two
sides of the Atlantic. Of course, the framework in which to improve this
balance can no longer be at the national level for Europeans—the European Union
must be a leading actor especially regarding security. Because the European
Union is a global actor, it has its own global security strategy, which was
adopted in December 2003 and has since been developed in full cooperation with
the European command security policy. For major security issues, such as border
management and data policy, the European Union has become the main framework
for ensuring vision, consistency, effectiveness, and synergy for the
member-states. </p>
<p>The European Union is
determined to develop at both the council and commission levels the tools,
instruments, and programs necessary to assume a major role. The number of
European security agencies reflects the dynamism, the market stimulation, and
the catalytic effect that the European Union wants to give to this process. To
mention just one of the key federative actions that the European Commission
took, there is the new European security research program within the seventh
framework program that addresses major security missions. Another example is
the preparation of pre-operational services for the global Monitoring Earth GMS
program, which will be effective in 2008. Of course, I also have to mention the
work undertaken to adjust European internal market regulations to take into
account defense and more broad security interests. This work will lead to a
package of initiatives expected to be released by the end of 2007. As you can
see, the European Commission is important in developing the vision and
instruments that will partially shape our security, in particular at the
capabilities and system level. </p>
<p>Within this framework, the
European Defense Agency must be the source of the impulse, and significant results
have been achieved since its creation in July 2004. For example, defense
ministers of European Defense Agency member-states approved in November 2005
the voluntary code of conduct on defense procurement, which entered into
operation in July 2006. </p>
<p>By creating an
internationally competitive European defense equipment market, the agency aims
to strengthen the European defense technology industrial base. The code now
represents 22 countries, that is to say, almost all European Defense Agency
member-states. Bulgaria, Hungary, Spain, and Romania will not join, though they
may do so later, and Hungary will join on July 1, 2007. </p>
<p>In terms of business
opportunities, the agency represents more than 140 contract opportunities in 14
countries, all published on the agency’s electronic bulletin board. The total
value of these contracts is estimated at over 6.5 billion euros and the
contracts cover the spectrum of defense procurements: helicopters, missiles,
sonar systems for submarines, UAVs, and so on. There is also a best practices
code for the supply chain. This code extends competition throughout the supply
chain, especially to lower-tier companies and SMEs that might not be able to
bid for contracts directly but could act as subcontractors.</p>
<p align="center" class="style26">ONGOING SUPPORT AND
PROGRAMS</p>
<p>I would like to mention the
long-term vision report of October 3, 2006. This very interesting document
provides shared views on the state of the world in which European security and
defense policy operations take place and the kind of capabilities that are
needed to conduct those operations successfully. This long-term vision is the
basis of an ESDP capability development plan whose principles were agreed to by
the ministers at the end of 2006. </p>
<p>I would also like to
mention the joint investment program on force protection. This three-year
research and technology program involving almost 55 million euros, which was
signed by the 20 members in May 2007, covers 18 specific research and
technology goals within five main capability areas and is very much related to
our security challenges. As Javier Solana pointed out, clearly the necessary
restructuring of the defense and technology industrial base must be assisted by
market forces, more competition, and more effective government action. </p>
<p>In May 2007 European Union
defense ministers endorsed the strategy for Europe’s defense technology
industrial base. This is a fundamental underpinning of Europe’s security and
defense policy with a series of practical steps to take to achieve a European
vision of a more integrated and competitive DTIB. The French approach clearly
aims to foster the rationalization of European industries as centers of
excellence while taking into consideration national industry assets and
developing mutual dependencies with European partners. </p>
<p align="center" class="style26">CONCLUDING REMARKS</p>
<p>Security has today become a
major issue. In our changing world, risk can be found anywhere and any time.
Ensuring our security will take continuous effort. We face many challenges,
including threat identification, future system design, technology, better
interoperability, autonomy, and so on. To meet these challenges, as I tried to
share with you, I believe we need to encourage new ways of thinking. We must
promote new design methods. We need to federate civilian and military needs for
more efficiency. And, of course, we need to strengthen the defense and
technology industrial base, not choosing between European defense and NATO
defense but including both. There is an obvious need to rely on the impressive
military experience of NATO while building a European security and defense
policy. </p>
<p>The recent Paris air show celebrated the 50th anniversary of Sputnik, so I cannot finish this address
without saying a few words about space. Space armament issues are closely
linked to security issues. Space offers fast and autonomous global answers.
Space control is this century’s challenge and European nations need to face it
together. </p>
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