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<td width="66" height="68"><p><img src="logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td><div align="center"><span class="style5">21st International Workshop on Global Security - Berlin, 7-10 May 2004<br>
"Global Security: A Broader Concept for the 21st Century"</span></div></td>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="/2004book/PeterStruckKeynote.htm">German Defense Minister Peter Struck</a><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Hertrich_Rainer.htm">EADS Co-CEO Rainer Hertrich</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Joulwan_George.htm">Fmr SACEUR Gen George Joulwan</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Overview of 21st Berlin Workshop.htm">Workshop Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Gante.htm">BDLI President Hans-Joachim Gante</a></strong></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Global Security: Political-Military Perspectives</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Gen_Kujat.htm">NATO Mil Comm Chair Gen Harald Kujat</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Gen_Jones.htm">SACEUR Gen James Jones</a><a href="/2004book/Amb_Burns.htm">US Ambassador to NATO Nicholas Burns</a><a href="/2004book/Linkevicius.htm">Lithuanian Defense Min Linas Linkevicius</a><a href="/2004book/Di_Paola.htm">Italian Chief of Defense Adm Giampaolo Di Paola</a><a href="/2004book/Kouts.htm">Estonian Chief of Defense Adm Tarmo Kouts</a><a href="/2004book/Back.htm">CINC AFNORTH Gen Gerhard Back</a><a href="/2004book/LtGen_R_Wolsztynski.htm">French Air Force Chief of Staff Gen Richard Wolsztynski</a><a href="/2004book/perruche.htm">EU Mil Staff Director Gen Jean-Paul Perruche</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Defense Cooperation & Alliance Transformation</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Wynne.htm">US Under Secretary of Defense Michael Wynne</a><a href="/2004book/Klein.htm">US Assist Secretary of Defense Dale Klein</a><a href="/2004book/wells.htm">US Assist Secretary of Defense Linton Wells</a><span class="style222"><a href="/2004book/Lentz.htm">US Assist Sec of Defense Office Director of Info Assurance Robert Lentz</a><a href="/2004book/Quilty.htm">MITRE Vice President John Quilty</a> <a href="/2004book/Van_Dam.htm">Netherlands Air Force Assist Chief of Staff Gen Ruud van Dam</a> <a href="/2004book/Kihl.htm">Swedish Armed Forces Chief of Staff Gen Johan Kihl</a></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/volkman.htm">US Under Secretary of Defense Office Director for Intl Coop Alfred Volkman</a><a href="/2004book/stafford.htm">Northrop Grumman Vice President David Stafford</a><a href="/2004book/Weise.htm">German Dep Armaments Director Hans-Heinrich Weise</a><a href="/2004book/Cunningham.htm">Boeing General Manager Eugene Cunningham</a><a href="/2004book/Zappa.htm">Alenia CEO Georgio Zappa</a><a href="/2004book/ranquet.htm">French Defense Ministry Dep Director Stat Affairs Gen Robert Ranquet</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Black Sea Region,<br>
Ukraine, & Russia </strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/Pascu.htm">Romanian Defense Minister Ioan Pascu</a> <a href="/2004book/gonul.htm">Turkish Defense Minister Vecdi Gonul</a> <a href="/2004book/svinarov.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Nikolai Svinarov</a></span><span class="style209"><span class="style197"><a href="/2004book/bezhuashvili.htm">Georgian Defense Minister Gela Bezhuashvili</a></span><span #invalid_attr_id="10px 0px 0px 10px"><span class="style197"><a href="/2004book/Khandogiy.htm">Ukrainian Ambasador to NATO Volodymyr Khandogiy</a></span></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/Skvorzov.htm">Russian Armed Forces Dep Chief of Defense Gen Alexander Skvorzov</a><a href="/2004book/Cede.htm">Austrian Ambassador to NATO Franz Cede</a><a href="/2004book/Meckel.htm">German Bundestag Member Marcus Meckel</a><a href="/2004book/Piontkovskiy.htm">Strategic Studies Ctr Director Andrei Piontkovskiy </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Security for 21st Century</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/Habibie.htm">Former Indonesian President B.J. Habibie</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Sedivy.htm">Fmr Czech Armed Forces Chief of Gen Staff Gen Jiri Sedivy </a><a href="/2004book/chandra.htm"> Indian Dep Natl Security Adv Satish Chandra</a><a href="/2004book/mehta.htm">Indian Armed Forces Gen Ashok Mehta</a><a href="/2004book/deruyt.htm">Belgian Ambassador to UN Jean de Ruyt </a><a href="/2004book/perrin.htm"> French Defense Ministry Strat Affairs Dir Marc Perrin de Brichambaut</a><a href="/2004book/gergorin.htm"> EADS Exec Vice President Jean-Louis Gergorin</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Maulny.htm">IRIS Dep Director Jean-Pierre Maulny</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/fasslabend.htm">Fmr Austrian Defense Min Werner Fasslabend</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Novotny.htm">Czech Ambassador to India Jaromir Novotny </a><a href="/2004book/naumann.htm">Fmr NATO Mil Comm Chair Gen Klaus Naumann </a><a href="/2004book/George.htm">UK Parliament Member Bruce George</a></span><br>
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<h1 align="center" class="style247">The Balkans, Afghanistan, and the Control of Nuclear Armaments</h1>
<p align="center" class="style248">Ambassador Jaromir Novotny<br>
Czech Ambassador to India</p>
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<td><div align="left"><span class="style81 style245 style249"><span class="style246">Ambassador Jaromir Novotny</span><br>
<em>"<span class="style229"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17">Afghanistan looks...like a forgotten war. Karzai has control only over Kabul and only during the day. Warlords continue to keep their private armies. Drug production is at a record level, with an estimated value of U.S. $25 billion.</FONT></span>" </em></span></div></td>
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<p align="center"><span class="style105"><b>OPENING REMARKS</b></span></p>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style224"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> It is difficult to speak on the last day of the workshop, when almost everything has been said. We have heard how successful we are in the Balkans, how smoothly NATO and EU enlargement are progressing, how the general situation in Europe is quite good, how cooperation between the West and Russia is on the right path, how the situation in Iraq is not ideal but will be better, and how we are doing well so far in Afghanistan. I would like to make some remarks that go in a slightly different direction. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="center" class="style224 style248"><B>CURRENT ISSUES IN THE BALKANS</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style8"> <FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"><span class="style224">I do not agree that we are truly successful in the Balkans. What have we achieved after more than 15 years of engagement? Yes, the people of Bosnia, Kosovo, and Serbia have stopped killing each other, and this is a success. But what else have we achieved? We have not solved the basic problem: the statehood of these territories has not been defined. We have created two international protectorates (Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo) and one artificial state called Serbia and Montenegro, which their inhabitants do not like. We have given them deadlines to solve their problems, but they have all been postponed. And Bosnian politicians, like their counterparts in Kosovo and Serbia and Montenegro, are now going ahead only because of heavy pressure from the international community. </span></FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style224"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> The last ethnic riots in Kosovo have shown us what Kosovars think about human rights. The international structures in Kosovo were surprised and completely unprepared for the eruption of atrocities. Kosovo is actually governed by local mafia organizations, and the society there is one of the most corrupt in the world. To make matters even worse, the international organizations in Kosovo are becoming more and more corrupt as well. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style224"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> What is the future for Kosovo? What are we proposing to its inhabitants? Are the people there still part of Serbia and Montenegro, which, according to all valid U.N. resolutions, they are? Is Kosovo a territory with special status, different currency, a different system of taxation and law, protected by the U.N. and on the path to independence? Or will Kosovo be united with Albania? Nobody is prepared to define its future status. </FONT></P>
<P align="left" class="style224"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17">Bosnia and Herzegovina is another difficult situation. It is an international protectorate that consists of two state entities (perhaps three—what is the status of Brcko?) and three national entities. The Dayton Agreement froze all its problems, making the main obstacle to progress the relationships inside. This protectorate is also corrupt at all levels of society. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style224"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> There, as well as in Kosovo, the very fragile peace cannot be sustained without huge financial support from the international community and without a visible military presence. How long will our countries be ready to pay for it? </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style224"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Serbia and Montenegro were forced together. The deadline for solving the problems of their being together is 2005. But in the time they have had so far, nothing has happened. They have two different economic systems, and they use two different currencies. Next year shall we give them another deadline? We are not solving the problems, we are only postponing the solutions with more deadlines. In fact we are preserving the status quo. But for how long?</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="center" class="style224"><span class="style105"><B>THE “FORGOTTEN WAR” IN AFGHANISTAN</B></span></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style224"> <FONT COLOR="#1f1a17">Afghanistan looks to me like a forgotten war. Karzai has control only over Kabul and only during the day. Warlords continue to keep their private armies. Drug production is at a record level, with an estimated value of U.S. $25 billion. Do we have this amount of money to replace the warlords’ profits? Some are saying that nobody is rich enough to buy Afghanistan. The warlords are on your side only until the moment they are paid, and if somebody offers them more, they will be loyal to him. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="center" class="style224"><span class="style105"><b>THE NEED FOR NUCLEAR ARMAMENT CONTROL</b></span></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style100 style104 style249"> <FONT COLOR="#1f1a17">It is a great paradox that the nuclear armaments control mechanism has been the only victim of the end of the Cold War. At the close of the 1990s, nuclear states other than the U.S. and Russia had only 5 percent of the nuclear arsenals. Today they have 20 percent, and during the next 10 years they will have 60 to 70 percent. But no one is interested in this. No one is counting how many nuclear players we have now. The public was much more interested in this issue 10 years ago, but now it is not. And the U.S. and Russia aren’t interested in each other’s arsenal either. Their interest is on the same level as France’s interest in the nuclear arsenal of the U.K. But both powers, the U.S. and Russia, will have to renovate, change, and modernize their nuclear arsenals during the next few years, because, due to their age, they are becoming obsolete. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style8"><span class="style81 style249"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Today we have no effective international agreement that acts as a nuclear armaments control mechanism. And if we cannot satisfactorily solve the problems of the nuclear programs of North Korea and Iran, then we can expect to see an eruption of efforts to obtain nuclear arms, from Japan to Saudi Arabia. </FONT><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"></FONT></span></P>
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