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<td width="66" height="68"><p><img src="logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td><div align="center"><span class="style5">19th International Workshop on Global Security - Berlin, 3-6 May 2002<br>
"Global Security: Defining and Responding to the New Threats"</span></div></td>
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<p align="center"><strong>Table of Contents</strong></p>
<p class="style220"><a href="/2004book/PeterStruckKeynote.htm">German Minister of Defense Peter Struck</a><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Hertrich_Rainer.htm">Honorary Chair Rainer Hertrich, Co-CEO, EADS</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Joulwan_George.htm">Former SACEUR General George Joulwan</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Overview of 21st Berlin Workshop.htm">Overview: Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Gante.htm">Berlin Air Show invitation: Hans-Joachim Gante</a></strong></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style220"><strong>Global Security: Political-Military Perspectives</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style220"><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2004book/Gen_Kujat.htm">NATO Mil. Comm Chair General Harald Kujat</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Gen_Jones.htm">SACEUR Gen. James L. Jones</a><a href="/2004book/Amb_Burns.htm">U.S. Ambassador to NATO Nicholas Burns</a><a href="/2004book/Linkevicius.htm">Lithuanian Defense Min. Linas Linkevicius</a><a href="/2004book/Di_Paola.htm">Italian Chief of Defense Adm. Giampaolo Di Paola</a><a href="/2004book/Kouts.htm">Estonian Chief of Defense Admiral Tarmo Kouts</a><a href="/2004book/Back.htm">CINC AFNORTH Gen Gerhard Back</a><a href="/2004book/LtGen_R_Wolsztynski.htm">French Air Force CoS Gen Richard Wolsztynski</a><a href="/2004book/perruche.htm">EU Mil. Staff Dir. LtGen Jean-Paul Perruche</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style220"><strong>Defense Cooperation & Alliance Transformation</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style220"><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Wynne.htm">U.S. Under Secretary of Defense Michael Wynne</a><a href="/2004book/Klein.htm">Hon Dale Klein, Nuclear, Chem., Biological Progr.</a><a href="/2004book/wells.htm">Assistant Secretary of Defense Linton Wells II</a><span class="style222"><a href="/2004book/Lentz.htm">Mr. Robert Lentz, Office of Asst. Sec. Defense NII</a><a href="/2004book/Quilty.htm">MITRE Vice President John Quilty</a> <a href="/2004book/Van_Dam.htm">ACT Asst. CoS Maj Gen Ruud van Dam</a> <a href="/2004book/Kihl.htm">Swedish Chief of Staff, Lt. General Johan Kihl</a></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/volkman.htm">U.S. Dir. for Internat. Coop. Alfred Volkman</a><a href="/2004book/stafford2.htm">Northrop Grumman Vice President David Stafford</a><a href="/2004book/Weise.htm">Ministerialdirektor Dr. Hans-Heinrich Weise</a><a href="/2004book/Cunningham.htm">Mr. Gene Cunningham, Boeing Company</a><a href="/2004book/Zappa.htm">Alenia Aeronautica CEO Dr. Georgio Zappa</a><a href="/2004book/ranquet.htm">Ing Gen Robert Ranquet, French MOD</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style220"><strong>Black Sea Region,<br>
Ukraine, & Russia </strong></p>
<p class="style220"><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/Pascu.htm">Romanian Defense Min. Ioan Mircea Pascu</a> <a href="/2004book/gonul.htm">Turkish Defense Minister Vecdi Gonul</a> <a href="/2004book/svinarov.htm">Bulgarian Defense Minister Nikolai Svinarov</a></span><span class="style209"><span class="style197"><a href="/2004book/bezhuashvili.htm">Georgian Defense Min. Gela Bezhuashvili</a></span><span #invalid_attr_id="10px 0px 0px 10px"><span class="style197"><a href="/2004book/Khandogiy.htm">Ukrainian Amb to NATO Volodymyr Khandogiy</a></span></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/Skvorzov.htm">Russian Colonel General Alexander Skvorzov</a><a href="/2004book/Cede.htm">Austrian Ambassador to NATO Franz Cede</a><a href="/2004book/Meckel.htm">Former GDR Foreign Min. Marcus Meckel, MdB </a><a href="/2004book/Piontkovskiy.htm">Dr. Andrei Piontkovskiy SSC (Moscow)</a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style220"><strong>Security for 21st Century</strong></p>
<p class="style220"><span class="style219"><a href="/2004book/Habibie.htm">Former Indonesian President Dr. B.J. Habibie</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Sedivy.htm">Fmr Czech Chief of Defense Gen Jiri Sedivy </a><a href="/2004book/chandra.htm"> Indian Dep. National Security Adv. Satish Chandra</a><a href="/2004book/mehta.htm">Gen Ashok Mehta, Indian Armed Forces </a> <a href="/2004book/deruyt.htm">Belgian Ambassador to Italy Jean de Ruyt </a><a href="/2004book/perrin.htm"> French Dir. Strat. Affairs, M. Perrin de Brichambaut </a><a href="/2004book/gergorin.htm"> EADS Exec Vice President Jean-Louis Gergorin</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Maulny.htm">IRIS Dep Dir Jean-Pierre Maulny</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/fasslabend.htm">Fmr Austrian Defense Min. Werner Fasslabend</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2004book/Novotny.htm">Czech Ambassador to India Jaromir Novotny </a><a href="/2004book/naumann.htm">Fmr. NATO Mil. Comm. Chair Gen Klaus Naumann </a><a href="/2004book/George.htm">The Rt Hon Bruce George, House of Commons</a></span></p>
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<h1 class="style196">Strategic Concepts for the Iraq War, Conflict in the Middle East<br>
& the Global Struggle Against Terrorism </h1>
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<h2>General Gerhard Back<br>
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</h2>
<h2></h2>
<h3><b>THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ISAF</b></h3>
<p align="left">In the time allotted to me, I hope to provide you with a better appreciation of the contribution we are making in Afghanistan. But as you know, the global war on terrorism is a many-headed hydra, and my topic today, the International Stabilization Force, or ISAF, in only one critical part. Operation Enduring Freedom concentrates on hunting down terrorists in high-intensity war-fighting arenas, while ISAF tends towards the peace support, stabilization, and reconstruction end of the spectrum. Both of these initiatives, however, seek the same result for Afghanistan� namely, nationhood and democracy. As Commander-in-Chief of the NATO Regional Headquarters Allied Forces North, I have operational command of the NATO-led operation in Afghanistan. It is my great pleasure to clarify the role of the NATO force in Afghanistan. </p>
<h3><b>History and Mission</b></h3>
<p align="left"> Let me begin by reminding you that, though NATO took over the command of ISF in August of 2003, the International Stabilization Force in Afghanistan was established following the December 2001 Bonn Summit on Afghanistan, which resulted from the U.S.-led coalition engaging in Operation Enduring Freedom in the wake of September 11. It is important to remember that the international community came to be in Afghanistan because of the global struggle against terrorism. The coalition was formed to attack and destroy international terrorism in its adopted heartland and subsequently agreed to address the wider issues of Afghan stability and development, governance and security, and democratization. Its intent was to deal with these issues in a way that terrorist or terrorist-linked movements could no longer find refuge or a base in that country. Therefore, although ISAF's mission is distinctly different from Operation Enduring Freedom's, it is closely linked and seeks to realize its ambitions for Afghanistan. Its Mission Statement includes �Assisting the Afghan Transitional Authority (ATA) in the maintenance of security in Kabul and its surrounding areas so that the ATA as well as United Nations Mission personnel can operate.� If you keep this Mission Statement in mind, you will see that ISAF enables the effective operation of the ATA and the UN in Afghanistan, a markedly different role from, say, that of KFOR in Kosovo. </p>
<p align="left"> Since December 2001, ISAF has been mandated by the UN Security Council to deploy to the Kabul area; more recently it has also been mandated to deploy to Konduz, north of the Hindu Kush. In the near future, the ISAF's reach will extend to the north, and in the long term may operate countrywide. Indeed one can envisage ISAF fusing with Operation Enduring Freedom throughout Afghanistan, though such an occurrence is still some time off. Such expansion is necessary in order to support the authority of the Afghan Central Government beyond the environs of Kabul; without such support it will be difficult for the government to operate. </p>
<h3><b>Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs)</b></h3>
<p align="left"> Expansion will take place through the so-called Provincial Reconstruction Teams, or PRTs. Ideally these are conducted by one nation�a lead nation�with others in support, and their principal task is to provide a credible security presence. Such work is achieved through combined military/civilian teams of between 50 and 200 people who operate in a number of key locations across the country. Gradual expansion will permit the ISAF to create a framework of PRTs in an increasingly wider area of Afghanistan. This area, approximately the distance between Warsaw and Paris, currently has no supporting infrastructure and does have significantly challenging topography. The PRTs will bring in additional troops and support, including forward operating bases and forward support bases housing medical facilities. Though we are encountering difficulties in the generation of these forces and equipment, I will not go into the specific problems. The Supreme Allied Commander has addressed that issue, in the full gaze of the international community and the media. In fact, SACEUR and the Secretary General of NATO are currently busy convincing nations of the critical need to provide the tools necessary to do the job, and, importantly, to provide them in a timely fashion. His predicament rather reminds me of the difficulties that Harry S. Truman faced, which prompted his famous quote: ��. I sit here all day trying to persuade people to do the things they ought to have sense enough to do without my persuading them�..� </p>
<h3><b>Supporting Voter Registration and the Election Process</b></h3>
<p align="left"> Once we have created the PRT framework, ISAF will be in a position to take on another important task: supporting the scheduled election process. Organizing the elections is in the hands of the United Nations Mission, UNAMA, as is the voter registration process and organizing subsequent elections. President Karzai requested that NATO/ISAF support the elections process, and we will do so within our means and capabilities. However, preserving a secure environment in which free and fair elections can take place lies with the Afghan security forces. Success of both the voter registration and the election process depends not only on a climate of calm in the country but also on the existence of conditions in which voters can cast their vote freely and fairly. Ultimately this depends on careful and detailed planning and organization, but NATO alone cannot ensure security. Indeed, neither NATO nor ISAF can absolutely ensure security, not because of unwillingness or a lack of capability but because of the constraints inherent in the UNSC mandate. The role envisaged for ISAF is the only role it can play. So through its general military presence in certain key locations�carried out through random patrols, aerial surveillance, intelligence gathering, and political engagement�ISAF will assist in generating the most secure environment possible. Both the Afghan security forces and the UNAMA election officials face a daunting task: to protect and manage approximately 4,300 polling stations in Afghanistan. We will do all that is possible to support this vital activity within the scope of our mandate. </p>
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