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<title>Center for Strategic Decision Research, Peter Struck, Michele Alliot-Marie, General George Joulwan, SACEUR, General James L. Jones, SHAPE, NATO, EU, BDLI, ILA, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Under Secretary Michael Wynne, Assistant Secretary Linton Wells, Ambassador William Burns, NATO Military Committee Chairman General Harald Kujat, General Dynamics, Boeing, Global Security Terrorism, Iraq, Afghanistan, Rainer Hertrich, David Stafford</title>
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<td width="66" height="68"><p><img src="../2004book/logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td width="618"><div align="center"><span class="style5">17th International Workshop on Global Security - Berlin, 2-5 June 2000<br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents:</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="/2000Book/weissingerbaylon.htm">Workshop Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon </a><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2000Book/diepgen.htm">Berlin Mayor Eberhard Diepgen </a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2000Book/moede.htm">German Armed Forces Lt Gen Hartmut Moede </a></strong></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 1</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2000Book/scharping.htm">German Defense Minister Rudolf Scharping</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/adamkus.htm">Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus </a><a href="/2000Book/balanzino.htm">NATO Dep Secretary Genereral Sergio Balanzino </a><a href="/2000Book/venturoni.htm">NATO Military Committee Chair Adm Guido Venturoni </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 2</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/haekkerup.htm">Danish Defense Minister Hans Haekkerup </a><a href="/2000Book/mattarella.htm">Italian Defense Minister Sergio Mattarella</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/tsohatzopoulos.htm">Greek Defense Minister Apostolos Tsohatzopoulos</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/tarasyuk.htm">Ukranian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk </a><a href="/2000Book/stutzle.htm">German State Secretary Walther Stutzle </a><a href="/2000Book/wolsytnski.htm">French Vice Chief of Defense Staff Lt Gen Richard Wolsztynski </a><span class="style222"><a href="/2000Book/lanxade.htm">Fmr French Ambassador to Tunisia Adm Jacques Lanxade</a><a href="/2000Book/kislyak.htm">Russian Ambassador to NATO Sergei Ivanovich Kislyak </a></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 3</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><span class="style222"><a href="/2000Book/ralston.htm">SACEUR Gen Joseph Ralston </a> <a href="/2000Book/smith.htm">DSACEUR Gen Rupert Smith </a></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/ellis.htm">CINCSOUTH Adm James Ellis</a><a href="/2000Book/spiering.htm">CINCNORTH Gen Joachim Spiering </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 4</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/deleon.htm">US Dep Secretary of Defense Rudy de Leon </a><a href="/2000Book/oliver.htm">US Principal Dep Under Secretary of Defense David Oliver </a><a href="/2000Book/martin.htm">BMDO Dep for Strat Relations David Martin</a><a href="/2000Book/vershbow.htm">US Ambassador to NATO Alexander Vershbow </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 5</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/weston.htm">BAE Systems Chief Executive John Weston </a> <a href="/2000Book/hertrich.htm">EADS Co-CEO Rainer Hertrich </a><a href="/2000Book/crosby.htm">Northrop Grumman President Ralph Crosby </a></span><span class="style209"><span class="style197"><a href="/2000Book/enders.htm">EADS Exec Vice President Thomas Enders </a></span><span #invalid_attr_id="10px 0px 0px 10px"><span class="style197"><a href="/2000Book/lawler.htm">Boeing Vice President William Lawler </a></span></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/zappa.htm">Alenia President Giorgio Zappa</a><a href="/2000Book/trice.htm">Lockheed Martin Sr Vice President Robert Trice </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 6</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/kukan.htm">Slovakian Foreign Minister Eduard Kukan </a><a href="/2000Book/hajdaraga.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Luan Hajdaraga </a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/dimitrov.htm">FYROM Foreign Minister Aleksandar Dimitrov </a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/naumann.htm">Fmr NATO Military Committee Chair Gen Klaus Naumann</a></span><br>
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<h1 align="center" class="style196"><span class="style196 style26 style28 style28"><span class="style196 style29 style28 style27">ESDI as the Security and Defense Pillar of the New Europe</span></span></h1>
<p align="center" class="style26 style26 style27">Lieutenant General Richard Wolsytnski<br>
French Vice Chief of Defense</p>
<P ALIGN="CENTER" class="style8 style27 style26"><B>OPENING REMARKS</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> <FONT COLOR="#000000">A</FONT>t the beginning of the ‘90s, with the new strategic environment, people in Europe became conscious of the need for an ESDI that would be the “security and defense” pillar of a new Europe, not only within the European Union but also within the Atlantic Alliance. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> The numerous steps that mark the advance towards this objective have taken on an ever-quicker rhythm. In fact, after a long period devoted to the economy and currency, the driving force behind European integration is now political, with defense one of its essential aspects. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Eighteen months ago, European defense was given a boost and unexpectedly benefited from the Kosovo crisis. Until then Europeans within the military coalition had been limited to little more than executing orders. The Helsinki Summit was the most recent step that continued forwarding European defense. It confirmed a trend towards the ESDI that could well be irreversible. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Until now, NATO has been the only credible military organization. However, NATO can provide only military solutions while the true resolution of a crisis requires the implementation of many non-military measures. This is why Europe wants to be capable of maintaining the stability of its territory and surroundings independently. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER" class="style8 style27 style26"> <B>WHAT IS THE PRESENT SITUATION?</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> While the Euro currency is about to be introduced, Europe cannot just be generous and limit its ambitions to the economy. Its political unity must also be spelled out and it must play a more active role when peace and international law and order need to be restored. Crises demand a global approach and management. While the main objective is to try to prevent them, we must take part in their management when they do break out, using military force if necessary. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> All aspects of crises must be considered—political, economic, and social, as well as military. Military action may bring a conflict to an end, but the final objective is the area’s return to normal life, which means developing a global strategy that takes the post-crisis period into account. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> The military instrument must create a framework that includes the following: </FONT></P>
<UL class="style24 style8">
<LI><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> An anticipatory capability that will keep a crisis at the lowest level of violence. This implies a good understanding of the situation as well as the involvement of both civilians and the military; </FONT></LI>
<LI><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> The support of a recognized international organization, which will give legitimacy to any action, through a clear mandate. This organization can only be the U.N.; </FONT></LI>
<LI><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Methods for applying pressure and enabling containment, which can be adapted to the level of the crisis and the desired political objective. </FONT></LI>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Such is the challenge that Europe is faced with, in light of the recent events in Kosovo. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER" class="style8 style27 style26"> <B>WHICH CAPABILITIES ARE REQUIRED FOR WHICH MISSIONS?</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> It has been agreed that Europe should be capable of carrying out the full spectrum of the Petersberg missions, from humanitarian actions to imposing peace, using military force if necessary. The preferred zone of action is, of course, Europe and its environs. However, future forces should also be capable of interventions anywhere in the world, though on a more limited scale. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> To carry out these missions, Europe must have autonomous intelligence capabilities in order to be able to understand the situation and thus to select the proper political option and, possibly, take military action. Europe must be able to know, to choose, and to conduct. This requires: </FONT></P>
<UL class="style24 style8">
<LI><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Intelligence collecting and situation analysis assets; </FONT></LI>
<LI><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Assessment and planning assets, which do not exclude resorting—as required—to certain NATO capabilities; </FONT></LI>
<LI><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Efficient command structures at each level: strategic, operational, and tactical. </FONT></LI>
</UL>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> As for action, we need not only adequate combat assets, but also a true strategic transport capability and improved survival capabilities. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Therefore, we must develop strategic capabilities. These capabilities must not only be increased, but a real synergy must be created between those that already exist. This requires a sharing between nations and the identification of fields where efforts still need to be made. The key word is interoperability, at the right level, without yielding to the temptation of technological escalation. The work that has been done by the European nations in the context of the Defense Capability Initiative aims to reach precisely this objective. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER" class="style8 style26 style27"> <B>EUROPEAN RECONSTRUCTION AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH NATO</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Implementing a European security and defense policy obviously implies having a consistent system of institutions, structures, capabilities, and military assets, with the possible support of NATO. The political and military organizations of the EU are gradually being put into place. Remaining needs are being defined and should be completely identified by the end of 2000. The military organization will be based on existing units and multinational forces. The objective is not to create a European army but a coherent organization in which each nation keeps control of its assets. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Some may have been worried by the emergence of this ESDI, which is still hoped for by so many. But it is impossible to ask for more European involvement while denying Europeans the right to make security decisions on their own continent. Europe is not being built up against NATO, but as a reinforcement of NATO. There is no competition, there is complementarity. Besides, NATO remains indispensable for everything involving collective defense. According to the agreements signed in Berlin in 1996 and in Washington in 1999, NATO is liable to provide the European Union with some of its capabilities. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> Thus, the European nations want their existence to be recognized within the Alliance and have every intention of assuming all their duties and responsibilities. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="CENTER" class="style8 style27 style26"> <B>CONCLUDING REMARKS</B></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> What brings Europeans together is much more important than what divides them. Still, there are many difficulties. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> The problem of ESDI is not really a problem of capabilities. It is more a problem of political will to implement those indispensable capabilities. Europe will be rebuilt only if its nations are firmly determined to do so. </FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="LEFT" class="style24 style8"><FONT COLOR="#1f1a17"> We do not want less America. What we want is more Europe, understanding that world balance depends on the emergence of complementary units that work with each other on an equal footing. Europe is moving slowly ahead, but looking back, we can see that we have come a long way. </FONT></P>
<P class="style24 style8"></P>
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