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<title>Center for Strategic Decision Research, Peter Struck, Michele Alliot-Marie, General George Joulwan, SACEUR, General James L. Jones, SHAPE, NATO, EU, BDLI, ILA, EADS, Northrop Grumman, Under Secretary Michael Wynne, Assistant Secretary Linton Wells, Ambassador William Burns, NATO Military Committee Chairman General Harald Kujat, General Dynamics, Boeing, Global Security Terrorism, Iraq, Afghanistan, Rainer Hertrich, David Stafford</title>
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<td width="66" height="68"><p><img src="../2004book/logo-kevin-web.jpg" width="60" height="66"></p> </td>
<td width="618"><div align="center"><span class="style5">17th International Workshop on Global Security - Berlin, 2-5 June 2000<br>
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<p align="center" class="style17"><strong>Table of Contents:</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><a href="/2000Book/weissingerbaylon.htm">Workshop Chairman Roger Weissinger-Baylon </a><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2000Book/diepgen.htm">Berlin Mayor Eberhard Diepgen </a></strong></span><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2000Book/moede.htm">German Armed Forces Lt Gen Hartmut Moede </a></strong></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 1</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><strong><a href="/2000Book/scharping.htm">German Defense Minister Rudolf Scharping</a></strong></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/adamkus.htm">Lithuanian President Valdas Adamkus </a><a href="/2000Book/balanzino.htm">NATO Dep Secretary Genereral Sergio Balanzino </a><a href="/2000Book/venturoni.htm">NATO Military Committee Chair Adm Guido Venturoni </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 2</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/haekkerup.htm">Danish Defense Minister Hans Haekkerup </a><a href="/2000Book/mattarella.htm">Italian Defense Minister Sergio Mattarella</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/tsohatzopoulos.htm">Greek Defense Minister Apostolos Tsohatzopoulos</a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/tarasyuk.htm">Ukranian Foreign Minister Borys Tarasyuk </a><a href="/2000Book/stutzle.htm">German State Secretary Walther Stutzle </a><a href="/2000Book/wolsytnski.htm">French Vice Chief of Defense Staff Lt Gen Richard Wolsztynski </a><span class="style222"><a href="/2000Book/lanxade.htm">Fmr French Ambassador to Tunisia Adm Jacques Lanxade</a><a href="/2000Book/kislyak.htm">Russian Ambassador to NATO Sergei Ivanovich Kislyak </a></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 3</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style217"><span class="style222"><a href="/2000Book/ralston.htm">SACEUR Gen Joseph Ralston </a> <a href="/2000Book/smith.htm">DSACEUR Gen Rupert Smith </a></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/ellis.htm">CINCSOUTH Adm James Ellis</a><a href="/2000Book/spiering.htm">CINCNORTH Gen Joachim Spiering </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 4</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/deleon.htm">US Dep Secretary of Defense Rudy de Leon </a><a href="/2000Book/oliver.htm">US Principal Dep Under Secretary of Defense David Oliver </a><a href="/2000Book/martin.htm">BMDO Dep for Strat Relations David Martin</a><a href="/2000Book/vershbow.htm">US Ambassador to NATO Alexander Vershbow </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 5</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/weston.htm">BAE Systems Chief Executive John Weston </a> <a href="/2000Book/hertrich.htm">EADS Co-CEO Rainer Hertrich </a><a href="/2000Book/crosby.htm">Northrop Grumman President Ralph Crosby </a></span><span class="style209"><span class="style197"><a href="/2000Book/enders.htm">EADS Exec Vice President Thomas Enders </a></span><span #invalid_attr_id="10px 0px 0px 10px"><span class="style197"><a href="/2000Book/lawler.htm">Boeing Vice President William Lawler </a></span></span></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/zappa.htm">Alenia President Giorgio Zappa</a><a href="/2000Book/trice.htm">Lockheed Martin Sr Vice President Robert Trice </a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style18"><strong>Part 6</strong></p>
<p class="style18"><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/kukan.htm">Slovakian Foreign Minister Eduard Kukan </a><a href="/2000Book/hajdaraga.htm">Albanian Defense Minister Luan Hajdaraga </a></span><span class="style219"><a href="/2000Book/dimitrov.htm">FYROM Foreign Minister Aleksandar Dimitrov </a></span><span class="style217"><a href="/2000Book/naumann.htm">Fmr NATO Military Committee Chair Gen Klaus Naumann</a></span><br>
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<p align="center" class="style22">Europe's Security and Defense Structure</p>
<p align="center" class="style27 style26 style26">His Excellency Apostolos Tsohatzopoulos<br>
Defense Minister of Greece</p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">Today we are at a turning point in the development of the European security defense structure, a structure that is based on the parallel efforts of the European Union and the new NATO as they work to implement the Washington, Cologne, and Helsinki resolutions. These resolutions, as you are all aware, pertain to two European Security and Defense key axes of development: the European Security Defense Policy, developed within the framework of the European Union; and the European Security and Defense Identity, developed within NATO. </p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">Founded on the principles of cooperation, coordination, and solidarity, these two policies are complementary in character and have no possibility of becoming competitive. This is because Europe needs a strong, transatlantic link: because security within the Euro-Atlantic area is indivisible; because its own defense and security require unhindered access to NATO's assets and capabilities as well as the possibility of participation by all European allies in peacekeeping operations decided on by the European Union; and because the security problems on the European continent are so complex and the crises there so intense, destructive, and destabilizing that the effort to create permanent conditions of peace, security, and cooperation requires the mobilization of all available forces within the global security structure. Such mobilization incorporates three independent and complementary levels: the Euro-Atlantic level, with NATO as the main axis; the European level, based on the European Security Defense Policy; and the regional cooperation level, where, particularly in the Balkans, significant steps already have been taken. </p>
<p align="center" class="style24 style24 style27 style26"><strong>DEVELOPING A STRONG EUROPEAN DEFENSE ROLE</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">Apart from the reasons just mentioned, Europe has one more powerful reason to develop its own security and defense. With the establishment of the euro as the common currency, Europe has substantially completed its economic integration, and has now set out to promote its political integration through the development of a common foreign policy. However, in order to be effective, such a policy requires the parallel development of a credible security and defense policy. To that end, the Headline Goal established by the European Union during the Helsinki Summit constitutes a crucial objective, the implementation of which will upgrade the credibility of the European Union and strengthen the transatlantic link. This in turn will allow European armed forces to play a more important role within the framework of the common efforts of the European Union and NATO to establish peace, security, and cooperation in the area. </p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">Effective and well-balanced participation and cooperation between the two organizations, plus the availability of appropriate NATO assets and capabilities for use in operations conducted under the political responsibility of the European Union, will significantly enhance Europe's role in security. It will also lead to greater European responsibility and participation in fulfilling common security needs and ensures that the challenges within the modern international environment are effectively met. Experience gained by cooperation between the Western European Union and NATO has already proved the value of the NATO-European plan for enhancing European security as well as enabled NATO to solve a number of practical problems. The experience gained through the Dynamic MIX 2000 (CRISEX 2000) exercise should also help us to cooperate much more effectively. </p>
<p align="center" class="style24 style24 style27 style26"><strong>DEVELOPING EU-NATO COOPERATION</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">One thing we must do is consider which existing NATO-Western European Union arrangements and mechanisms can be used to develop future cooperation between the European Union and NATO, taking into account the institutional independence and the particular focuses of these organizations. To help with this process, I would like to mention certain requirements learned from the Western European Union experience. </p>
<ul class="style24 style24">
<li>First, we must develop the European Union's ability to strategically evaluate an operation and its joint planning in a way that assures both an independent decision and the easy adaptation of NATO's defense-planning requirements.
<li>Second, a coherent chain of command must be elaborated.
<li>Third, regarding force development, a clear procedure must be detailed in which the contributions of those countries willing to participate in a European operation can be assessed in a timely manner and integrated effectively with operation planning. </li>
</ul>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">Equally important in developing future cooperation between the two organizations is enabling cooperation at the military-planning level, establishing a continuous flow of information, and securing the necessary transparency and coordination. This requires a security agreement between NATO and the European Union in which we should take under serious consideration those countries that are candidates for membership in the European Union but are not members of NATO. </p>
<p align="center" class="style24 style24 style27 style26"><strong>DEVELOPING A ROBUST EUROPEAN ARMAMENTS INDUSTRY</strong></p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">Let me add that the strategic choice made by the European Union in favor of a credible and effective European Security and Defense Policy would lack a solid foundation without the parallel development of a modern, vigorous, and dynamic European armaments industry. To this end I would like to mention the efforts made by the Western European Armaments Group (WEAG) from the OCCAR and the LoI that are promoting the co-development and co-production of an interoperable, high-quality, and low-cost European defense system. </p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">The cost problems of such defense work are very clear, I believe. All of us are facing these high costs in our own countries. But the costs to meet the defense needs of some European countries are relatively low, while the costs for other European countries with very high military budgets-we are one of them-are double what other countries are paying. We are not happy about this. That is the reason why, for the European Union defense and security strategy, it is being proposed that convergence criteria and standards be created as necessary. </p>
<p align="left" class="style24 style24">Cooperation between the European defense industry and the American defense industry must also be a priority. This is a serious step needed to support the transatlantic link, and the U.S. needs to be more flexible. We have had many difficulties, as you know, because to buy armaments from the U.S. we need the Letter of Agreement (LOA) from the U.S. government, and receiving this agreement is not always possible. Developing effective cooperation in the area of defense between European countries and the U.S. seems difficult when, even in the simple market for armaments, we have some problems. We would therefore wish the lifting of those obstacles in order to develop in a mutually beneficial way the unimpeded cooperation between European and American industries. </p>
<h1 class="style196 style24 style24"> </h1>
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