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<h1>Space Weather & Physics</h1>
<p>
Space physics and atmospheric sciences are part of our original home turf. We have one of the most experienced groups in the experimental and theoretical studies in these areas, particularly those covering the ionosphere and magnetosphere.
<br><br>
We perform simulation, modeling, and characterization of the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. We have developed comprehensive models of the ionosphere covering 60 km to 10,000 km. These physical models (derived from first principle) can be integrated with a variety of sensor data.
<br><br>
We have pioneered D-region research using diagnostic techniques and aeronomical models. We have strong experience with ionospheric modification and plasma modification. The first ELF/VLF signal using the ionosphere as an antenna was generated by us in the 1980s.
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We have developed various HF, VHF, and UHF diagnostic systems for ionospheric sounding, transionospheric propagation, and radio propagation. Our knowledge of radio propagation covers a frequency span from ELF to microwaves. We have investigated several atmospheric effects. We develop novel techniques and instruments for space weather monitoring. Some of these include: tomographic techniques for magnetospheric imaging, real-time characterization of the ionosphere, several beacon and GPS receivers, and ionospheric reconstructions using these and GPS receivers. We have developed a versatile HF sounding instrument for advanced ionospheric sounding. We completed a prototype topside sounder for global monitoring of the ionosphere. We developed a variety of ionospheric research instruments and software tools. We also specialize in meteor and meteoroid threat modeling.
<br><br>
Most of our experimental research is performed with the world�s largest radar at Arecibo, Puerto Rico and with our own diagnostic systems. Currently our research activities include ionospheric modeling, ionospheric propagation, magnetospheric imaging, and radio propagation effects. We are supported by the Office of Naval Research, Air Force Research Laboratory, National Science Foundation, NASA, and others.
<br><br>
Our environmental research background and our in-house instrumentation capabilities provide us with unique abilities not available anywhere else.</p>
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<h3>Research Highlights:</h3>
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