|
Server : Apache/2.4.62 System : FreeBSD fbsdweb2.web.rcn.net 14.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE releng/14.1-n267679-10e31f0946d8 GENERIC amd64 User : www ( 80) PHP Version : 8.3.8 Disable Function : NONE Directory : /domains/remotesensing/products/ |
Upload File : |
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<!-- adapted from a Design by: <a href="http://businesswebsitetemplates.blogspot.com"title="free templates">FREE BUSINESS TEMPLATES</a> -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<meta name="keywords" content="GPS, GNSS, Software, Hardware, Research and Development, R&D, Navigation, Signal Simulator, Signal Generator, Receiver, Simulator, Emulator, Transceiver, Front End, RF, Impulse, Real Time, SigSim, Data Acquisition, Galileo, Glonass, UTC, Ultra Tightly Coupled, INS, Ionospheric Receiver, Pseudolite, Radar, Software Radar, Radio, Software Radio, HF Diagnostics, Microwave Rain Gauge, Data Logger, EM Sensor, Jammer, Antenna, FPGA, DSP, High Performance Board, Suman Ganguly, Virginia, Fairfax, SBIR, Small Business, Engineering, Electromagnetics, Signal Processing, Space Weather, Instrumentation, Electronics, Analyzers, Surveillance, Computer Systems, Image Processing, Material Science, Microwave, Electrical Engineering, Electronics Engineering, Upconverter, Downconverter, LNA, L1, L2, L5, C/A, P-Code, Encryption, Ionospheric Sounder, Sounder, spoofer, EW, electronic warfare, C3I, Signal Analyzer, Signal Processor, ST Radar, MST Radar, IST Radar, SAR, GPS Receivers, GNSS Receivers, GPS Simulators, GNSS Simulator, Rain Radar, Ultra Wide Band Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar, HF Radar, Ionosonde, HF Diagnostic, OTH Radar, Satellite Simulator, Communication Simulator, Channel Simulator, Radar Simulator, Attitude Determination, Anti-Jam Receiver"/>
<title>CRS | Products & Services | GPS & Navigation Products | Navigational System Design & Development Products | RF Front Ends</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="header">
<div id="logo">
<img src="images/crslogo.png" class="floatTL" alt="business" /><br><br><br><br><br>
<div id="nav">
<!-- Css Menu -->
<style>
ul.cssMenu ul{display:none}
ul.cssMenu li:hover>ul{display:block}
ul.cssMenu ul{position: absolute;left:-1px;top:98%;}
ul.cssMenu ul ul{position: absolute;left:98%;top:-2px;}
ul.cssMenu,ul.cssMenu ul {
margin:0px;
list-style:none;
padding:0px 1px 1px 0px;
background-color:#13264d;
background-repeat:repeat;
border-color:#A6A6A6;
border-width:0px;
border-style:solid;
}
ul.cssMenu table {border-collapse:collapse}ul.cssMenu {
display:block;
zoom:1;
float: right;
}
ul.cssMenu ul{
width:197.4px;
}
ul.cssMenu li{
display:block;
margin:1px 0px 0px 1px;
font-size:0px;
}
ul.cssMenu a:active, ul.cssMenu a:focus {
outline-style:none;
}
ul.cssMenu a, ul.cssMenu li.dis a:hover, ul.cssMenu li.sep a:hover {
display:block;
vertical-align:middle;
background-color:#13264d;
border-width:0px;
border-color:#FCEEB0;
border-style:solid;
text-align:left;
text-decoration:none;
padding:5px;
_padding-left:0;
font:12px Arial;
color: #ffffff;
text-decoration:none;
cursor:pointer;
}
ul.cssMenu span{
overflow:hidden;
}
ul.cssMenu li {
float:left;
}
ul.cssMenu ul li {
float:none;
}
ul.cssMenu ul a {
text-align:left;
white-space:nowrap;
}
ul.cssMenu li.sep{
text-align:left;
padding:0px;
line-height:0;
height:100%;
}
ul.cssMenu li.sep span{
float:none; padding-right:0;
width:3;
height:100%;
display:inline-block;
background-color:#A6A6A6; background-image:none;}
ul.cssMenu ul li.sep span{
width:100%;
height:3;
}
ul.cssMenu li:hover{
position:relative;
}
ul.cssMenu li:hover>a{
background-color:#93AEE6;
border-color:#4C99AB;
border-style:solid;
font:12px Arial;
color: #FFFFFF;
text-decoration:none;
}
ul.cssMenu li a:hover{
position:relative;
background-color:#93AEE6;
border-color:#4C99AB;
border-style:solid;
font:12px Arial;
color: #FFFFFF;
text-decoration:none;
}
ul.cssMenu li.dis a {
color: #AAAAAA !important;
}
ul.cssMenu img {border: none;float:left;_float:none;margin-right:5px;width:16px;
height:16px;
}
ul.cssMenu ul img {width:16px;
height:16px;
}
ul.cssMenu img.over{display:none}
ul.cssMenu li.dis a:hover img.over{display:none !important}
ul.cssMenu li.dis a:hover img.def {display:inline !important}
ul.cssMenu li:hover > a img.def {display:none}
ul.cssMenu li:hover > a img.over {display:inline}
ul.cssMenu a:hover img.over,ul.cssMenu a:hover ul img.def,ul.cssMenu a:hover a:hover img.over{display:inline}
ul.cssMenu a:hover img.def,ul.cssMenu a:hover ul img.over,ul.cssMenu a:hover a:hover img.def{display:none}
ul.cssMenu a:hover ul{display:block}
ul.cssMenu span{
display:block;
background-image:url(./images/arrv_blue_2.gif);
background-position:right center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
padding-right:8px;}
ul.cssMenu li:hover>a>span{ background-image:url(./images/arrv_white_2.gif);
}
ul.cssMenu a:hover span{ _background-image:url(./images/arrv_white_2.gif)}
ul.cssMenu ul span,ul.cssMenu a:hover table span{background-image:url(./images/arr_blue_2.gif)}
ul.cssMenu ul li:hover > a span{ background-image:url(./images/arr_white_2.gif);}
ul.cssMenu table a:hover span{background-image:url(./images/arr_white_2.gif)}
ul.cssMenu li a.cssMenui0{
font:n;
}
ul.cssMenu li a.cssMenui0:hover{
font:o;
}
</style>
<ul class="cssMenu cssMenum">
<li class=" cssMenui0"><a class=" cssMenui0" href="../index.html">Home</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui0"><a class=" cssMenui0" href="products.html"><span>Products & Services</span><![if gt IE 6]></a><![endif]><!--[if lte IE 6]><table><tr><td><![endif]-->
<ul class=" cssMenum">
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="gps.html">GPS & Navigation Systems</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="radio.html">Radio and Radar Systems</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="signal.html">Signal Processing & Analyzers</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="antenna.html">E.M. Sensors & Antenna Types</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="space.html">Space Weather Systems</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="instru.html">Instrumentation</a></li>
</ul>
<!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li>
<li class=" cssMenui0"><a class=" cssMenui0" href="../research/research.html"><span>Research & Development</span><![if gt IE 6]></a><![endif]><!--[if lte IE 6]><table><tr><td><![endif]-->
<ul class=" cssMenum">
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/navigation.html">Advanced Navigation Systems</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/radio.html">Radio & Radar Engineering</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/em.html">Electromagnetics</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/signal.html">Signal & Image Processing</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/surv.html">Surveillance</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/physics.html">Space Weather & Physics</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/comp.html">Computer Systems & Software</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/ee.html">Electrical Engineering</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/science.html">Microwave/Material Science</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../research/instru.html">Instrumentation</a></li>
</ul>
<!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li>
<li class=" cssMenui0"><a class=" cssMenui0" href="../publications/public.html"><span>Publications</span><![if gt IE 6]></a><![endif]><!--[if lte IE 6]><table><tr><td><![endif]-->
<ul class=" cssMenum">
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../publications/journals.html">Journals</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../publications/conf.html">Conference Proceedings</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../publications/reports.html">Reports & Patents</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../publications/press.html">Press Releases</a></li>
</ul>
<!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li>
<li class=" cssMenui0"><a class=" cssMenui0" href="../profile/pro.html"><span>About Us</span><![if gt IE 6]></a><![endif]><!--[if lte IE 6]><table><tr><td><![endif]-->
<ul class=" cssMenum">
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/pro.html">Profile</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/bckgd.html">Background</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/mission.html">Mission</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/capabilities.html">Capabilities</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/personnel.html">Personnel</a></li>
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/accom.html">Accomplishments</a></li>
<!--<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/career.html">Careers</a></li>-->
<li class=" cssMenui"><a class=" cssMenui" href="../profile/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
<!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li>
<li class=" cssMenui0"><a class=" cssMenui0" href="brochures.html">Brochures</a></li>
</ul>
<br> </div>
<div id="bg">
</div>
<div id="main">
<div id="leftcolumn">
<div id="logo">
<h1>GPS and Navigation Products</h1>
<h2>Navigational System Design & Development Products: <br>System Applications</h2>
<p>The goal of this suite of products is fast and efficient development of advanced GPS. All of these products seamlessly integrate into a reliable, user-friendly platform. The software components act as individual chip-sets, giving the user the power to develop new architectures or modify existing ones. The user can also visualize and monitor signals from each component for more informed decision-making.
<br><br>
Users can configure, modify, test, and evaluate the software GPS receiver in minutes. The image shows a typical setup.</p>
<br><center><img src="images/RealTime01S.jpg" alt="business" /></center>
<h3>Test and Evaluation</h3>
<p>The test and evaluation can be performed using:</p>
<br><div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Simulated data from the GPS signal simulator. Here, the user creates different situations to evaluate a design by performance. The software simulator gives unmatched flexibility.</li>
<li> Offline data stored in RAM. Stored samples can come from the GPS signal simulator or RF front ends. The host PC can act as the storage medium. However, limitations of host PCs restrict the continuous storage to 4 GB that corresponds to about an hour of C/A code data sampled at 5 MSPS (@2 bits/sample) or only about 30 seconds of L1 and L2 data at 60 MSPS (@8 bits/sample).</li>
<li> Larger storage requires the hard disk-based storage system. RF front ends can interface with the software GPS receiver for real-time or semi-real-time operations. For 60 MSPS sampling using multiple correlators, real-time processing requires pre-processors (such as the FPGA correlator).</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<br><center><img src="images/RealTime02.gif" width="400" alt="business" /></center>
<h3>Modes of Operation:</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> <b>Offline</b> (storage)</li>
<li> <b>Real-Time</b> (operating)</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>GPS Offline Processing Applications</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Snaptrack and E-911 type processing</li>
<li> Post-processing operations, mission analysis</li>
<li> Monitoring special events (scintillation, interference, jamming, high dynamics)</li>
<li> Geodetic applications</li>
<li> Developmental efforts using repeatable conditions</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>GPS Real-Time Processing Applications</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Multipath monitoring and mitigation</li>
<li> High dynamics</li>
<li> Anti-interference, anti-jam</li>
<li> FFT acquisition</li>
<li> Anti-scintillation</li>
<li> Multiple antenna and STAP/SFAP-type processing</li>
<li> Covert operation</li>
<li> Code and codeless operation</li>
<li> New frequencies and codes</li>
<li> Degraded S/N and obscured condition</li>
<li> Direct Y-code acquisition</li>
<li> Joint detection and tracking with smoother processing</li>
<li> Space-borne applications</li>
<li> Formation flying, attitude determination</li>
<li> Networking</li>
<li> GPS & INS integration</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>Dual-Frequency Receiver</h3>
<p>There are three major receiver configurations for this type of application: coded, codeless, and semicodeless. A coded dual-frequency receiver assumes knowledge of the classified W-code. Y-code (the modular sum of P-code and W-code) correlators and tracking loops for both frequencies have the same structure as the basic C/A code receiver. The aiding between C/A and Y-codes can vary: for example, through C/A code, users can track signal dynamics, and this information can aid L1, L2, and Y-code-tracking loops.
<br><br>
The application can acquire signals through C/A code or through Y-code directly. Without access to W-code this configuration can test simulated signals that only have P-code modulation on L1 and L2.
<br><br>
For codeless and semicodeless receivers, the user relies on C/A code to acquire and track initial GPS signals. A codeless receiver squares the signals on L1 and L2 to remove unknown classified W-code. Several variations on this squaring affect the SNR penalty compared with that of a coded receiver. One possible solution to this discrepancy is to perform the correlation with P-code and then integrate for a short time interval, proportional to W-code chip length. A low-pass filter removes the excess noise. After filtering, square and integrate these signals again.
<br><br>
A semicodeless receiver uses the fact that W-code on both L1 and L2 frequencies is the same. The structure of this type of receiver is shown in the image on the right. A semicodeless technique tracks the signal on L2. This technique first strips the P-code on both L1 and L2 signals, then passes the outputs through a low-pass filter with a bandwidth equal to W-code rate to eliminate as much noise as possible. Then the signals on L1 and L2 are multiplied to remove W-code that results in less squaring loss SNR penalty than that of a pure codeless technique. P-code correlators on both frequencies find aid in a C/A code-tracking loop output. This way the system tracks carrier and code dynamics using the stronger C/A code, despite the severe SNR penalty of semicodeless tracking. P-code correlators track only very low dynamics introduced by the ionosphere. A scaling factor for the L2 P-code correlator adjusts the Doppler shift from the L1 to the L2 frequency. Navigation receives navigation data and timing information from correlators. We have constructed several kinds of dual-frequency receivers.</p>
<h3>Multipath Reduction and Monitoring</h3>
<p>After selective availability, multipath remains the largest source of error in a GPS. Multipath reduction has been an object of extensive research throughout the world for many years. In wireless communication systems, it degrades signals and increases bit-error rates. In GPS systems, it compromises pseudorange measurement, resulting in a wrong calculated position. Several methods combat multipath effectively. They include installation of narrow correlators with reduced spacing, or estimation of the multipath structure and its removal from the line-of-sight signal. The sofware GPS receiver makes these methods easy to implement. The images compare the performances of conventional 0.5-chip early-prompt-late correlator spacing and a narrow correlator configuration of 0.1-chip correlator spacing. The upper plots show the early, prompt and late I, and early and prompt Q correlator outputs for both cases. Note that both the blue and green traces, which correspond to early and late I signals, respectively are slightly above half the amplitude of the red trace (prompt I signal) for 0.5-chip spacing. (Without multipath, they should be at half the amplitude of the red trace.) Their amplitude is much higher for 0.1-chip spacing. The lower plots show the correlation function shape where 0 on the x-axis represents the prompt correlator. The multipath signal was half a chip delayed with respect to the direct path. It was in phase with the direct spacing, the peak that corresponds to the prompt signal shifted to the right, since the code tracking loop attempts to negate the difference between early and late signals. For 0.1-chip correlator spacing, this shift is much less, resulting in much smaller pseudorange measurement error.
<h3>Space-Time Adaptive Processing</h3>
<p>Multipath mitigation techniques described above estimate the location of the direct signal peak in the correlation function. This improves pseudorange measurements from the code-tracking loop. More accurate positioning requires measurement of the carrier phase. However, those techniques do not remove multipath-induced errors from the carrier phase measurement. That requires some form of space-time processing.
<br><br>
Line-of-sight and multipath signals usually arrive at the antenna from different angles. In an antenna array, different antennas will receive different carrier phases of the incoming signals. By adding these signals, one can place the maximum array gain in the direction of the line-of-sight signal and a null in the direction of the multipath. That null will completely remove the multipath signal. You can see an example of this type of processing in the image below. This represents a snapshot of the software and shows one C/A code-tracking channel. The test simulated the line-of-sight signal from 90 degrees with respect to the x-axis, and delayed the multipath signal by half a chip, with half the amplitude of the direct signal, coming from 60 degrees. The antenna array had a null in the direction of multipath and maximum gain in the direction of the line-of-sight signal. The upper multipath monitor window shows the signal from one of the antennas in the array. The multipath distorts the shape of the correlation. The lower multipath monitor window shows the signal processed with the beamformer. The multipath is now completely gone. This type of system can eliminate more than one multipath or jamming signal. Generally speaking for <i>N</i> element antenna array, a user can set weights to place one maximum in the direction of the line-of-sight signal, and up to <i>N</i>-2 nulls in the direction of multipath signals or jammers. The software receiver can easily use adaptive algorithms.
<h3>Interferrometry, Altitude Determination, Direction of Arrival:</h3>
<p>The basics of all these techniques involve phase measurements at multiple points in space. Their accuracies depend on the accuracies of phase measurements.</p>
<br><div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Precise phase measurement is central to altitude determination and direction finding.</li>
<li> Accuracy to 1 degree for an integration period of 10 ms</li>
<li> Accuracy to 1 degree for an altitude determination in 10 ms</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>Array Structure</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Linear Arrays</li>
<li> Planar Arrays</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>Hardware Phase Stability</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> From antenna phase centers to digitization point</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>Processing Techniques</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Interferrometry</li>
<li> Beamforming</li>
<li> Subspace-based methods (such as MUSIC)</li>
<li> Adaptive processing</li>
</ul>
</div></div><br>
<p>You can see the principles behind interferrometry and examples of interferrometric results in the figure.</p>
<br><div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Process pairs of antennas using phase difference to detect the direction of arrival.<br><img src="images/formula.gif" alt="business" /></li>
<li> Azimuth search only</li>
<li> Complexity grows exponentially with number of antenna elements</li>
<li> Symmetrical ambiguity</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>Beamforming</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Measures signal power by steering the beam in every direction.</li>
<li> Low computational complexity, since steering vectors are computed only once.</li>
<li> Azimuth and elevation search.</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<br><p>A more accurate position localization can come from a subspace-based method such as MUSIC.</p>
<h3>MUSIC</h3>
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box"><ul>
<li> Processes the signal-covariance matrix to compute the signal direction</li>
<li> Computational complexity grows exponentially with number of antenna elements</li>
</ul>
</div></div>
<h3>Anti-Jamming</h3>
<p>Narrow-band jammers are no match for FFT filters. For broadband jammers, an adaptive beamforming works best. Beamforming produces a null in the direction of the jammer and the operation resembles multipath elimination. See examples of anti-jamming for M-code operation in the figures.</p>
<br><center><img src="images/CompleteRealTime10.jpg" alt="business" /></center>
<br><center><img src="images/CompleteRealTime11.jpg" alt="business" /></center>
<br><center><img src="images/CompleteRealTime12.jpg" alt="business" /></center>
<br><center><img src="images/CompleteRealTime13.jpg" alt="business" /></center>
<br><center><img src="images/CompleteRealTime14.jpg" alt="business" /></center>
<h3>M-Code</h3>
<p>CRS has developed the first M-code signal simulator and M-code receiver (<a href="../publications/conf3.html">Jovancevic et al, 2001; "Software Pseudo-Lm GPS receiver"</a>). Implemented in hardware, the software systems are available as development platforms or working systems (simulators and receivers). See example of M-code signal structure in figure.
<h3>Glonass</h3>
<p>All Glonass waveforms are implemented and available.
<h3>Galileo</h3>
<p>CRS follows and implements Galileo signal structures as they evolve in the open-architecture software and hardware. These developmental systems are available.
</div></div>
</div></div>
<div id="rightcolumn">
<div class="blockquote">
<div class="box">
<h2>GPS and Navigation Products</h2>
<ul>
<li> <a href="gpssystem.html"><b>Navigational System Design & Development Products</b></a></li>
<li> <a href="gpssim.html">Navigational Signal Simulators</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpsrx.html">Multi-Frequency GPS and GNSS Receivers</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpspseudolite.html">Pseudolites</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpsantenna.html">GPS/GNSS Antennas</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpsnavwar.html">NAVWAR</a></li>
</ul>
</div></div><br><div class="blockquote">
<div class="box">
<h3>Products covered in this section:</h3>
<ul>
<li> <a href="gpssystemrf.html">RF Front Ends</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpssystemsoftrx.html">Software Receiver</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpssystemstor.html">Hard Disk-Based Storage System</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpssystemdsp.html">Modular Correlators and DSP Processors</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpssystemsigsim.html">GPS/GNSS Signal Simulator Software</a></li>
<li> <a href="gpssystemhybrid.html">Hybrid Simulator</a> </li>
<li> <a href="gpssystemrealtime.html">Complete real-time navigational development</a> </li>
<li> <b>System Application</b> </li>
<li> <a href="gpssim.html">Real-Time GPS/GNSS Simulators</a></li> </ul>
</div></div><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><center><img src="images/RealTime03.gif" alt="business" /><br><i>Semicodeless</i></center>
<br><br><br><center><img src="images/RealTimeMultipath05S.gif" alt="business" /><img src="images/RealTimeMultipath051S.gif" alt="business" /><br><i>0.5-chip correlator spacing</i><br><br><img src="images/RealTimeMultipath04S.gif" alt="business" /><img src="images/RealTimeMultipath041S.gif" alt="business" /><br><i>0.1-chip correlator spacing</i></center>
<br><br><br><br><center><img src="images/SpaceTimeS.jpg" alt="business" /><br><i>Example of the software GPS receiver with beamforming</i></center>
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><center><img src="images/CompleteRealTime07.gif" alt="business" /></center>
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><center>Elevation: 0 Azimuth: 195.1743<br>
<img src="images/CompleteRealTime08.gif" alt="business" /><br><i>Beamforming Processing</i><br>
<br>Elevation: 0 Azimuth: 195.1743<br><img src="images/CompleteRealTime09.gif" alt="business" /><br><i>MUSIC Processing</i></center>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer"><p>Copyright © 2010 | <a href="../profile/mission.html">mission</a> | <a href="../profile/contact.html">contact us</a> | <!--<a href="../profile/careers.html">careers</a> | --><a href="../sitemap.html">site map</a> | <a href="../search.html">search</a></p></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>