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Roger L. Boyell,  Forensic Analyst
416 Parry Drive,  Moorestown NJ  08057-2877
phone  856-234-5800 � fax  856-234-9539
e-mail   HYPERLINK mailto:[email protected] [email protected]  �  Web site   HYPERLINK http://www.boyell.com www.boyell.com
Expertise in electronic control and communication systems.
Serving the legal forum with consulting and testimony.


Mission Statement
When electrical devices and electronic systems are the subject of
civil litigation, criminal charges, patent disputes, or insurance claims
(�forensic� matters),  I support lawyers, judges, and adjusters 
with extensive technical knowledge and with scientific discipline
to explore, examine, and explain the issues involved (�analysis� tasks).


TECHNICAL BACKGROUND AND FORENSIC EXPERIENCE
My technical background includes study and hands-on experience in building, maintaining, and analyzing electrical devices and electronic systems such as:  remote control devices, security and alarm systems, wireless microphones, carrier-current transmitters, sound and public address systems, computer and data processing equipment, radio and television equipment, automotive electronics, tape recorders, cellular telephones, and video surveillance devices.
I have contributed to a variety of legal matters all based on electrical devices and electronics technology including:  electric shock, electrical wiring, surveillance monitoring, lightning damage, audio and video recording, radio broadcasting, traffic radar and lidar, voice identification, electronic circuitry, pocket paging systems, patent questions involving electronic devices, vehicle accident reconstruction, automobile control systems, telephone communication, and industrial machinery.  (See �Examples of Forensic Assistance� below.)

COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND INDUSTRY QUALIFICATIONS
I provide site inspections, field measurements, laboratory analyses, test reports, and technical findings, with thorough documentation of  results, conclusions, and opinions, and I am an experienced expert witness in the legal forum.
As a practiced technical presenter in high-technology industry, I have also tried to articulate complex scientific constructs and convey their essence for lawyers, judges, juries, and adjusters.  Many cases have settled without the need for a trial, as a result of my analyses highlighting the technical nexus and critical characteristics of an incident.
For cases that get to the courtroom I have invariably qualified as an expert in the physics or electronics applicable to the matter.  This is due in part to thirty years of full-time employment in the defense and aerospace industry at these firms:
Bendix Radio Division, Baltimore MD
Sperry Gyroscope Company, Great Neck NY
Pennsylvania Research Associates, Philadelphia PA
RCA Corporation, Aerospace & Defense Group, Moorestown NJ
Computer Sciences Corporation, Integrated Systems Division, Moorestown NJ,
where I studied the capabilities and limitations of advanced systems for detection, tracking, communication, control, radar, sonar, and electronic countermeasures.  (See �Professional Experience� below.)
I have formulated and evaluated new concepts on acoustic and electronic warfare, for detection and tracking of moving vehicles, for defense against missiles and torpedoes, and on computer-generated imagery.  I am credited with 20 publications in the open professional technical literature, and I have written several hundred formal technical reports bearing government security or proprietary restrictions on their distribution.  (See �Technical Publications� below.)

DOCUMENTATION OF CREDENTIALS
Bachelor of Electrical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville FL
Master of Science in Applied Science, Adelphi University, Long Island NY
Master of Business Administration, Monmouth University, West Long Branch NJ
Senior Member:  Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Fellow:  American College of Forensic Examiners (ACFE)
Diplomate:  American Board of Forensic Engineering and Technology
Licensed Professional Engineer (New Jersey)


OPERATING PRINCIPLES
I charge a uniform hourly rate for consultation, field examination, technical analysis, report preparation, deposition, or attendance at trial (four-hour minimum).  Time for intercity travel is charged at half the time I actually spend in transit.
Reasonable travel or other expenses are to be reimbursed at actual cost.  My standard rate applies to all authorized work on a case.  If, however, an experts- referral service makes our contact, they may impose a different rate structure.
As with any court expert, my duty is to render and to support an objective scientific opinion on the matter at hand.  In particular I can serve as your technical consultant and scientific interface with other narrower specialists who speak only in academic jargon.  I can help you debunk the unfounded or pseudoscientific claims of your adversary.
I invite attorneys and adjusters to contact me to discuss my possible assistance in resolving your case dealing with physics, electricity, or electronics.  I shall inform you whenever my qualifications appear not to be appropriate to your matter.
My office is just east of center city Philadelphia.  I can easily travel as necessary to work at your location or at the site of an incident to be investigated.

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS
(The following documents are in the open literature.  In addition I have authored several hundred formal technical reports which are excluded from distribution by government security regulations or by corporate proprietary restrictions.)

	[A] "Color Television...Wheels or Electrons?" [explores the then-competing CBS mechanical vs. RCA electronic approaches to color TV], The Florida Engineer, Vol. 2, No. 2, January 1952.

	[B] "ORDVAC Stored Subroutines to Replace IBM Control Panels�, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Ballistic Research Laboratories Memorandum Report 897, June 1955.

[C] �Maintaining Records of Computer Operation�, Ordnance Computer Research Report, Vol. 2, No. 3, July 1955.

[D] �Mechanization of Computing Machine Time Utilization Records�, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Ballistic Research Laboratories Technical Note 1034, August 1955 (with R. C. Ingles).

[E] �Programmed Multiplication on the IBM 407�, Journal of the Association for Computing Machinery, Vol. 4, No. 4, October 1957.

[F] �Analysis of Time-Sharing in Digital Computers�, Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 8, No. 1, March 1960.

[G] �The Effect of Input Filtering on the Signal Enhancement of a Broadband Integrator�, 15th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computing Machinery, Milwaukee, August 1960.

[H] �Implementation of the Correlation Process in the Manner of a Parallel Digital Computer�, 1961 IRE Convention Record, Part 9 (with C. W. Olson).

[J] �A Semantically Associative Memory�, Biological Prototypes and Synthetic Systems, Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York, 1962.

	[K] "The Method of Successive Grids for Reduction of Function Storage Requirements", The Computer Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4, January 1963.

	[L] "A Compression Method for Representation of Continuous Functions in a Digital Computer", Spring 1963 Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Stanford Research Institute, April 1963 (with H. Ruston).

	[M] "Hybrid Techniques for Real-Time Radar Simulation", Proceedings of the 1963 Fall Joint Computer Conference, Las Vegas, November 1963 (with H. Ruston).

	[N] "Computer Techniques for Simulation of Air-to-Ground Radar Displays", Pennsylvania Research Associates, Inc. Report, April 1967.

	[P] "Computer Simulation of Lunar Displays", Proceedings of the SPIE 14 Annual Technical Symposium, San Francisco, August 1969.

	[R] "Why Computer Graphics?", guest editorial in Simulation, Vol. 16, No. 1, January 1971.

	[S] "Defending a Moving Target Against Missile or Torpedo Attack", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. AES-12, No. 4, July 1976.

	[T] "Counterweapon Aiming for Defense of a Moving Target", IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. AES-16, No. 3, May 1980.

	[U] "The Emerging Role of the Forensic Engineer", IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, Vol. PC-30, No. 1, March 1987.

	[V] "The Inner Layer of Submarine Defense", The Submarine Review, October 1987 (with R. R. Miller).

[W] �The Expert Under Stress of Trial�, The Expert and the Law, Vol. 11, No. 1, June-July 1993.

[X] �The Expert in the Courtroom�, presentation to IEEE Philadelphia Consultants Network, 12 February 2001.

[Y] �Effective Presentation of Expert Testimony�, presentation at the SEAK, Inc. National Expert Witness and Litigation Seminar, 20 June 2002.

[Z] �Challenges and Satisfactions of an Expert Witness�, presentation to IEEE Philadelphia Section Meeting 20 May 2003.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
(Prior to my full-time self-employment as a consultant and forensic analyst in 1999, I worked in high-technology industry.  This is my employment resume, in inverse chronological order.)

Computer Sciences Corporation, Moorestown NJ (12 years).  Mr. Boyell was program manager on the concept definition phase of an electronic warfare (EW) system in which CSC was responsible for the software that performs control and processing, in association with equipment being developed by other firms for electronic sensing and electronic attack.  In this capacity he coordinated all CSC technical activity and served as the link with other team members and the Navy customer.  Critical aspects of this work were integration of the EW system with the shipboard combat system, the optimal extent of automation to achieve performance under stress environments, and system acceptance of technology improvements over its lifetime.  Before that concept definition award he was a principal contributor to CSC�s understanding of the emerging EW requirements, in particular the integration of the EW system with a host combat system such as the AEGIS computer-controlled shipborne weapon system.
At CSC Mr. Boyell�s assignments were in technical and business development, dealing with requirements, technology, and program planning, including management of IR&D activities on antisubmarine warfare (ASW) and EW.  On one project he formulated the system concept and technical approach for a passive (non-alerting) system to detect and track submerged submarines by digital processing of optically received signals.  On another project he conducted a study of communications interoperability which explored the variety of incompatible modulation methods, operating frequencies, and coding schemes used by various government agencies.
For an FAA air traffic system he analyzed alternative means for detecting and tracking aircraft and vehicles on airport runways and taxiways.  The study included proximity detectors (pressure, infrared, magnetic) and remote sensors (radio emission, radar, optical), dealing with both their technical performance (range, accuracy, consistency) and their suitability for unattended operation in a harsh environment.  In connection with this work, he projected the capabilities of a newly developed British system for localization of moving vehicles relying on their individual measurement of relative phase from multiple radio transmitters.  This system is unique in allowing the reference transmitters to be emitters of opportunity not necessarily connected to or cooperating with the vehicle location system itself. 
For a Coast Guard waterways management system, he evaluated modern electronic methods of performing automatic dependent surveillance by which ship positions are continuously updated at a central site.  This involved study of navigation by global positioning system (GPS), interconnection of GPS receivers with digital selective calling radios, onboard and remote data processing for performing ship tracking, and conformity of newly available products for these purposes with internationally accepted signaling formats and protocols.
RCA Corporation, Moorestown NJ (13 years).  As a member of a staff operating at the Aerospace and Defense Group level, he anticipated naval system requirements, analyzed alternative technical approaches, formulated applied technology objectives, and developed advanced system concepts applicable to Navy requirements.  He defined independent research and development projects and developed business plans for penetration in this field oriented toward both surface ships and submarines.
In this activity Mr. Boyell developed a new technique for detection and tracking of torpedoes.  This work involved threat recognition, acoustic signal processing, and system analysis, and formed the basis for several RCA contracts with the Navy on advanced torpedo defense systems for surface ships.
Working with DARPA, independent consultants, and RCA advanced computer personnel, he formulated the concept which became the �advanced autonomous array�, a self-deploying ASW system featuring a passive acoustic sensor array with in-buoy signal and data processing, to effect an off-ship means of submarine detection and tracking.
Pennsylvania Research Associates, Inc., Philadelphia PA (11 years).  Vice President � Performed contract research and consulting on radar and sonar system design, computer applications, signal processing, real-time simulation, communications, and electronic/acoustic countermeasures.  He directed projects for government and commercial sponsors.
His work on storage and retrieval of cartographic data provided the foundation of real-time displays of synthesized imagery.  He developed compact digital representations of contour maps, studied new polynomial and polyhedral methods of reconstructing 2- and 3-dimensional functions, and devised hierarchical organizations of memory and computation to produce textured displays by calculating video data profiles and raster portrayals in real time.
Sperry Gyroscope Company, Great Neck NY (3 years).  Computers and sonar.
Bendix Radio Division, Towson MD (3 years).  Television, radio, and computers.
Prior to bachelor�s degree.  Radio repair shops, electronics hobbyist.

EXAMPLES OF FORENSIC ASSISTANCE
(No ranking or chronology is implied by this case listing.)
1.	Resolution of a patent licensing dispute among three companies, centering on electronic means for synchronizing radio broadcasting transmitters.

2.	Analysis of a tape recorded succession of telephone conversations to show they had been re-sequenced, i.e., edited, and was thus not an accurate representation of the actual conversations as they occurred.

3.	Investigation of an equipment fire requiring examination of electrical circuitry and study of after-fire photographs to determine the origin of the fire.

4.	Empirical proof that a traffic radar could be influenced by an airport surveillance radar even operating on another frequency.

5.	Explanation of the effects on two-way radio communication when employed inside metal buildings.

6.	Debunking of a vehicle speeding accusation which was based on improper interpretation of a traffic radar reading when used between two roadways.

7.	Field tests to show how a breath alcohol analyzer's reading was affected by radio interference.

8.	Analysis of a tractor-trailer on-board monitoring computer record to prove that it was not exceeding the speed limit in a defined operating area.

9.	Reconstruction of a traffic accident from roadway markings to determine the proximate cause was just the opposite of the conclusion reached in preliminary investigation.

10.	Consultation on method of measuring acoustic attenuation between buildings to evaluate whether a scream would have been heard.

11.	Generation of demonstrative photographic evidence regarding visibility of a certain traffic sign from a specific approach path.

12.	Laboratory analysis of an FBI-produced tape recording and findings which contradicted its initially believed authenticity.

13.	Comparison of a novel computer-based means of processing video signals with an alternate design, under an intellectual property dispute, showing that independent engineering effort had been performed rather than imitation.

14.	Determination of the extent to which a shipment of blank recording tape was damaged in transit, on the basis of its measured sound recording capabilities.

15.	Analysis of a traffic citation based on what was found to be erroneous operation of a traffic radar, resulting in the dismissal of a separate motor vehicle charge for no probable cause.

16.	Examination of surveillance recordings to verify/refute charges of official misconduct in which the recordings were primary evidence.

17.	Determination of errors in use of VASCAR as a speed-time-distance computing instrument which resulted from visual parallax.

18.	Analysis of testimony regarding a traffic matter to elucidate witnesses' inconsistencies.

19.	Laboratory examination of recorded telephone conversations in light of offeror's claims about how the recordings were prepared, to determine acceptability as evidence for alleged drug distribution.

20.	Reconstruction of accident scene on site, using sun shadows visible on photographs of bloodspots and debris to locate vehicle impact point precisely.

21.	Correction of speed and frequency response of surveillance tape recordings in order to permit meaningful playback in court.

22.	Preparation of one-party telephone recording, and tailoring to match a previously supplied recording, as the basis for subsequent voice identification.

23.	Examination of official accident report and physical roadway layout to show that the driver of a vehicle emerging from a stopsign was not necessarily at fault.

24.	Experimental determination of the extent to which a breath analysis device's accuracy is affected by cigar lighter fluid vapor.

25.	Enhancement of original sound recordings to expose potentially damaging transcript errors.

26.	Detection of the mis-settings of fire department radios giving rise to inadequate communication in a severe stress environment in which firefighters were killed, through transcript review and dissection of fire-damaged equipment.

27.	Determination that a hospital�s complex radio/telephone paging system was not malfunctioning when on one occasion one of its 500 pocket pagers displayed digits not corresponding to the proper calling telephone extension.

28.	Enhancement of a noisy surreptitious tape recording to reveal statements quite different from those transcribed, in particular whether the answers to critical questions were �yeah� or �naah�, and just which part of his body she touched.

29.	Investigation of successive generations of copies of a tape-recorded police interview to prove that artifacts exhibited were imposed during the copying process, but that the original recording was correct and complete.

30.	Analysis of the circumstances giving rise to a serious electric shock in part due to defective wiring set up by a user in order to provide an unauthorized temporary modification to a properly manufactured device.

31.	Reconstruction of operation of a traffic radar at a specific location to suggest why misreadings would occur there.

32.	Expert comparison of patent claims for a battery condition meter with that of an allegedly infringing competitor.

33.	Determination of which of two different conversations on a telephone tape recording was last made based on the start/stop signatures left on the tape by the recorder�s operation.

Analysis of the audibility of an emergency vehicle siren with respect to other sounds presented to the operator of another motor vehicle, by field measurement of acoustic levels as a function of listener location.

Testimony about the inferences to be drawn from the character of a short gap in a long tape recording which happened to correspond to the portion of a public meeting whose precise content later became under dispute.

Discovery of an improper wiring alteration combined with an internal defect that caused a hot-grease chicken frying machine to shock its operator.

Analysis of a disturbingly loud noise in a long-distance telephone connection  by one party�s cordless phone locally sounding its low-battery alert tone which was simultaneously transmitted to the other party�s instrument.

Investigation of inaccuracies in use of a certain state police traffic lidar (lightwave radar) justifying the state�s dropping of a lengthy case before trial.

Determination of how a control system released an overhead door to close on a forklift operator just as he was driving through.  Also found an inoperative hold-open safety device for a double swinging door which had abruptly closed on a pedestrian.

Testimony about the accuracy with which wireless/cellular telephones can be localized from retained fraud or billing records showing the antenna sites accessed.

Analysis of an event wherein a computer-based �911� call center failed to respond correctly to an incoming emergency call due to a computer program error.

Evaluation of industrial electrical machinery post-incident in several cases for which insurance carriers required confirmation or refutation of the insured�s claims.

Enhancement of several noisy tape recordings to reveal otherwise inaudible conversations, to determine who said what, and to validate a questioned transcript.

Assistance with reverse engineering of a microprocessor-based point-of-sale machine to expose its circuitry, algorithms, and logic for scrutiny in a patent case.  Required study of magnetic card reading technology along with formulation of custom test cards which revealed suspected intricacies of the internal calculations.

Testimony about potential interference from a proposed wireless/cellular transmitting site in light of some existing and nearby sensitive receiving apparatus.

Investigation of the extent of water damage to an acoustic isolation booth.

Testimony on possible latent damage to an electrical power wire that was alleged to be from defective cable staple installation several years previously.

Determination of why a commercial coffeemaker shocked a waitress.

Testimony and demonstration to the jury describing how a defective electric battery caused chemical burns to the user of a portable CD player.

Investigation of damage to hotel telephone systems allegedly from lightning.

Measurement of voltage and current on the frame of a portable �neon� sign with respect to the voltage and current that is expected to cause personal injury.

Evaluation of wireless telephone facility (�cell site�) coverage for prospective mobile telephone systems in PA, NJ, VA, MD, NY, MA, and CA, with technical recommendations about site suitability and potential alternate locations. 

Arbitration testimony relating to a transit company�s use of traffic radar to monitor its employees� driving habits.

Analysis of an existing amateur radio (�ham�) antenna installation and recommendations for technical modifications, to reduce the claimed visual stress to adjacent property owners, while minimally reducing the ham�s two-way radio performance.

Determination of the extent of water damage to a multichannel two-way radio installation on the top floor of a building near where a sprinkler pipe ruptured.

Determination of the extent of smoke damage to certain customized computer equipment.

Analysis of a commercial FM broadcast transmitter�s failure to maintain full radio-frequency (RF) power output, as a result of differential phase drift between two transmitters along with an impedance mismatch in their RF combiner.

Survey of RF field strength due to a homeowner�s concern about the many transmitters (mobile telephone, paging systems, commercial broadcast, police/fire) in his neighborhood, and field testing of metallic window  film for radiation level reduction.

Analysis of welding-torch damage to sections of fiber optic cabling and conduit running across a bridge, supervision and review of reflectometry tests, and experimentation with a novel repair technique which obviated total reinstallation.

Testing of a hair-setting electrical appliance alleged to have burned the user.

Investigation of the extent of mechanical upset damage to the optics and electronics within a truck shipment of photographic processing equipment.

Experimentation with an exemplar ceiling light fixture installation to determine the heat rise that would occur with a bulb of higher than rated wattage.

Verification of printing press damage when driven by multiple three-phase motors for which one phase conductor opened unexpectedly under full load.

Finding that a bomb threat caller was a certain individual faking an accent.

Finding that a harassing phone call was not from the suspected individual.

Review of law enforcement use of an available radio scanner to intercept cordless telephone conversation in light of cited federal and State wiretap laws.

Study of electrical controls, safety features, and wiring modifications in a 150-ton press brake which severed a worker�s hands by its unexpected actuation.

Confirmation that thermal overload of an extension cord string caused a fire.

Finding that a surge suppressor was a victim, not a cause, of an office fire.

Examination of an automobile whose aftermarket alarm system installation allegedly caused malfunctions in microprocessors controlling vehicle functions.

Use of computer voice processing to show in separate cases whether a 911 emergency call was made by the assigned guard or by someone else, whether a particular series of crank calls were made by a suspected employee, and which of the participants in a surveillance conversation admitted he had the drugs for sale.

Examination of a television broadcasting station in litigation with an audience rating service, found to be only a polarity reversal within the station�s audio chain.

Experimentation with exemplar golf carts to show that their battery cable clamps loosening through use permits ignition of fire during overnight charging.

Examination of a fire alarm that failed to signal a central monitoring station, found to be due to a surreptitiously cut-away section of the premises wiring.

Determination that a blown-open neutral conductor caused a fraternity house fire, and in a separate matter, that a corrosion failure in a service neutral conductor caused a worker to be shocked when installing a cable television dropwire.

Experimentation with an �uninterruptible power supply� designed to keep computers running under power loss, which was found to work as intended during full blackout but exhibited a peculiar failure mode during slow voltage sags.

Retrospective tracking of wireless telephones by plotting their movements from cell site to cell site, in order to confirm/refute the alleged presence of their users at defined crime sites, in separate cases in IL, OH, SC, WA, and MD.

Examination of automatic hospital doors, industrial overhead doors, and retail establishment doors in different locations, in order to determine whether they were fitted with properly operating electronic sensors and whether the electrical control systems operated correctly, under circumstances giving rise to injuries.

Examination of pitch and volume of car motor recordings to determine which of two known vehicles gunned the engine when ramming the other vehicle.

Testimony and courtroom demonstration of metal detector sensitivity as affected by the size, shape, composition, and orientation of claimed contraband.

Testing of alleged cable television descrambler and testimony about findings.

Analysis of electric shocks, in separate cases, sustained by a construction worker, a transmitter installer, a swimming pool occupant, and an individual coming in contact with a defectively repaired �neon� light assembly.

Measurement of the acoustic characteristics of a fire alarm siren which allegedly caused permanent hearing damage in a nearby unsuspecting individual.

Measurement of the thermal characteristics of an automobile seat heater which allegedly caused third-degree burns to a partially desensitized individual.

Examination of a police department�s video tape facility whose time-lapse surveillance tape became blemished, at first unexplainedly but only within the scene which was the subject of litigation for unwarranted brutality.   Event reconstruction showed a rare combination of operator error and recorder defect.

Authentication of audio recordings of an insurance claim personal interview, of audio recordings of a doctor-patient physical examination, and of video recordings of a police traffic stop incident, all these as subjects for litigation

Determination of why a central alarm monitoring station telephone audio logging system failed to record only the critical 3 within its 20 channels.

Examination of, and reporting on, electrical failures in, or damage to, an industrial candle-making machine power cord, a home washing machine power cord, and a drink vending machine power cord, all of which caused fire or injury.

Assistance to a school system to resolve conflicts among equipment vendors and installation technicians working on their telephone, voicemail, and PA system.

Analysis of a mobile telephone and determination of how unintended outgoing calls were being made, resulting in employer monitoring of private conversations.

Examination of a rear-ended automobile to determine whether its brake lights were defective as claimed before the accident or inoperative only afterward.

Analysis of plans and drawings for a complex three-dimensional intersection involving 31 traffic lights, and determination that opposing motorists� contentions that they both had green lights was, under certain circumstances, correct.

Determination that an audio recording was complete, despite the claim that the confidential informant (i.e. the snitch) was being prompted for all his responses.

Determination that the blow-up upon initial turn-on of 1,000-ampere 3-phase wiring to a condominium project was due to wires crossed during installation.

Examination of e-mail and Internet postings attributed to a stalker, and determination of how the addresses could have been spoofed for false accusation.

Development of information about car headlight design which is the subject of a manufacturing complaint by a State agency about theft and replacement cost.

Measurement of the acoustic characteristics of a hydroelectric power dam to show whether kayakers on the reservoir would have heard the sound in sufficient time to avoid being pulled by the swirling water over the dam.

Localization of the electrical short circuit causing a school bus to catch fire.

Reconstruction of how a worker disassembling a presumably non-energized 
electrical panelboard was injured by the arc blast from a live 480-volt terminal.

Testimony in a contractor�s patent suit against the Government on the design and technology which implemented a certain weapon effects simulator.

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C.V. of Roger L. Boyell, Page  PAGE 9 of  NUMPAGES 16



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