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<HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Numbers in Proto-Languages</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY><IMG Align=Top SRC="vermap.gif"> <H2>Numbers in Ancient and Proto-Languages</H2> <A HREF="numbers.shtml">[ Index ]</A> <p>This file lists the proto-languages I've collected (at various levels of time depth), as well as ancient languages important in reconstruction (e.g. Latin, Sanskrit, Classical Tibetan). In addition, where I don't have a proto-language for an important language family, I've sometimes included a modern language just for completeness' sake. <p>The order has been slightly altered from the main list. The groups said to belong to <b>Nostratic</b> (Indo-European, (South) Caucasian, Afro-Asiatic, Dravidian, Uralic, Altaic, Chukchi-Kamchatkan, and Eskimo) have been placed together; and, just below them, Ainu, which Greenberg adds to form <b>Eurasiatic</b>. <p>If you discover anything, please contact Joseph Greenberg immediately. <hr> <table> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Indo-European</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Indo- European+</td> <td>*oynos / *sem</td> <td>*duwo:</td> <td>*treyes</td> <td>*kwetwores</td> <td>*penkwe</td> <td>*sweks</td> <td>*septm</td> <td>*okto:</td> <td>*newn</td> <td>*dekm</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Germanic+</td> <td>*ainaz</td> <td>*twai</td> <td>*thrijiz</td> <td>*petwor</td> <td>*fimfi</td> <td>*seks</td> <td>*sibum</td> <td>*ahto:</td> <td>*niwun</td> <td>*tehun</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Norse+</td> <td>einn</td> <td>tveir</td> <td>thrír</td> <td>fjórir</td> <td>fimm</td> <td>sex</td> <td>sjau</td> <td>átta</td> <td>níu</td> <td>tíu</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Icelandic+</td> <td>einn</td> <td>tueir</td> <td>thrír</td> <td>fiórer</td> <td>fimm</td> <td>sex</td> <td>siau</td> <td>átta</td> <td>nío</td> <td>tío</td></tr> <tr><td>Gothic+</td> <td>ains</td> <td>twai</td> <td>threis</td> <td>fidwor</td> <td>fimf</td> <td>saíhs</td> <td>sibun</td> <td>ahtau</td> <td>niun</td> <td>taíhun</td></tr> <tr><td>Latin+</td> <td>u:nus</td> <td>duo</td> <td>tre:s</td> <td>quattuor</td> <td>quinque</td> <td>sex</td> <td>septem</td> <td>octo:</td> <td>novem</td> <td>decem</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Irish+</td> <td>oín</td> <td>da<sup>l</sup></td> <td>tri</td> <td>cethir</td> <td>cóic</td> <td>sé</td> <td>secht<sup>n</sup></td> <td>ocht<sup>n</sup></td> <td>noí<sup>n</sup></td> <td>deich<sup>n</sup></td></tr> <tr><td>Mycenean Greek+</td> <td>*hemei</td> <td>*dwo</td> <td>*tri-</td> <td>*q<font size=1><sup>u</sup></font>etro-</td> <td></td> <td>*wex-</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>*ennewo-</font></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Classical Greek+</td> <td>hei:s</td> <td>dúo:</td> <td>trei:s</td> <td>téttares</td> <td>pénte</td> <td>héx</td> <td>heptá</td> <td>októ:</td> <td>ennéa</td> <td>déka</td></tr> <tr><td>Tocharian+</td> <td>se</td> <td>wi</td> <td>trai</td> <td>s'twer</td> <td>pis'</td> <td><b>s</b>kas</td> <td><b>s</b>ukt</td> <td>okt</td> <td>ñu</td> <td>s'ak</td></tr> <tr><td>Classical Armenian+</td> <td>mi</td> <td>erk'u</td> <td>erek<font size=1><sup>h</sup></font></td> <td>chork<font size=1><sup>h</sup></font></td> <td>hing</td> <td>vec<font size=1><sup>h</sup></font></td> <td>evt<font size=1><sup>h</sup></font>n</td> <td>ut<font size=1><sup>h</sup></font></td> <td>inn</td> <td>t'asn</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Prussian+</td> <td>ains</td> <td>dwai</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>dessempts</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Church Slavonic+</td> <td>jedinu</td> <td>d'va</td> <td>tr'je</td> <td>chetyre</td> <td>pe,t'</td> <td>shest'</td> <td>sedm'</td> <td>osm'</td> <td>deve,t'</td> <td>dese,t'</td></tr> <tr><td>Hittite+</td> <td></td> <td>da:-</td> <td>tri-</td> <td>meiu-</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>shipta-</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Avestan+</td> <td>aeva-</td> <td>dva-</td> <td>thri-</td> <td>chathwa:ra:</td> <td>pañcha</td> <td><i>x</i>shvash</td> <td>hapta</td> <td>ashta</td> <td>nava</td> <td>dasa</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Persian+</td> <td>aivaka-</td> <td>duviti:ya-</td> <td>th'ti:ya-</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>navama-</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr><td>Pahlavi+</td> <td>e:vak</td> <td>do:</td> <td>si</td> <td>chaha:r</td> <td>panch</td> <td>shash</td> <td>haft</td> <td>hasht</td> <td>nuh</td> <td>dah</td></tr> <tr><td>Sanskrit+</td> <td>éka</td> <td>dvá</td> <td>trí</td> <td>catúr</td> <td>páñca</td> <td>s.as.</td> <td>saptá</td> <td>as.<b>t</b>á</td> <td>náva</td> <td>dáça</td></tr> <tr><td>Prakrit+</td> <td>ekko:</td> <td>do:</td> <td>tao:</td> <td>chatta:ri</td> <td>pañcha</td> <td>ch'a</td> <td>satta</td> <td>a<b>t</b><b>t</b>a</td> <td>n.ava</td> <td>dasa</td></tr> <tr><td>Pali+</td> <td>eka</td> <td>dvi</td> <td>ti</td> <td>catu</td> <td>pañca</td> <td>cha</td> <td>satta</td> <td>a<b>t</b><b>t</b>ha</td> <td>nava</td> <td>dasa</td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Indo- European+</td> <td>*oynos / *sem</td> <td>*duwo:</td> <td>*treyes</td> <td>*kwetwores</td> <td>*penkwe</td> <td>*sweks</td> <td>*septm</td> <td>*okto:</td> <td>*newn</td> <td>*dekm</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Dravidian</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Dravidian+</td> <td>*oru</td> <td>*iru</td> <td>*muC</td> <td>*na:l</td> <td>*cayN</td> <td>*ca<u>r</u>u</td> <td>*e<b>r</b>u</td> <td>*e<b>t</b><b>t</b>u</td> <td>*to<b>l</b></td> <td>*pat(tu)</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Caucasian</font></td></tr> <tr><td><b>Georgian</b></td> <td>erti</td> <td>ori</td> <td>sami</td> <td>otxi</td> <td>xuti</td> <td>ekvsi</td> <td>shvidi</td> <td>rva</td> <td>cxra</td> <td>ati</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Uralic</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Finno-Ugric+</td> <td>*ykte</td> <td>*kakte</td> <td>*kolm-</td> <td>*neljä-</td> <td>*vit(t)e</td> <td>kut(t)e</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Altaic</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Turkish</td> <td>bir</td> <td>iki</td> <td>üç</td> <td>dört</td> <td>bes,</td> <td>alti</td> <td>yedi</td> <td>sekiz</td> <td>dokuz</td> <td>on</td></tr> <tr><td>Mongol</td> <td>nigen</td> <td>qoyar</td> <td>ghurban</td> <td>dorben</td> <td>tabun</td> <td>jirghughan</td> <td>dologhan</td> <td>naiman</td> <td>yisün</td> <td>arban</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1> Gilyak</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Gilyak (Nivkh)</td> <td>nin</td> <td>myen</td> <td>tyaqr</td> <td>nir</td> <td>t'or</td> <td>ngax</td> <td>ngamk</td> <td>minr</td> <td>n'in'ben</td> <td>mxo</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Korean</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Korean</td> <td>hana</td> <td>tul</td> <td>set</td> <td>net</td> <td>tasôt</td> <td>yôsôt</td> <td>ilgop</td> <td>yôdôl</td> <td>ahop</td> <td>yôl</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Japanese</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Classical Japanese+</td> <td>pitö</td> <td>puta</td> <td>mi</td> <td>yö</td> <td>itu</td> <td>mu</td> <td>nana</td> <td>ya</td> <td></td> <td>töwo</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Afro-Asiatic</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Akkadian+</td> <td>ishte:n</td> <td>shena</td> <td>shalash</td> <td>erbe</td> <td>h.amish</td> <td>shishshu</td> <td>sebe</td> <td>sama:ne</td> <td>tishe</td> <td>esher</td></tr> <tr><td>Phoenecian+</td> <td>'-h.-d</td> <td>sh-n-m</td> <td>sh-l-sh</td> <td>'-r-b</td> <td>h.-m-sh</td> <td>sh-sh</td> <td>sh-b-'</td> <td>sh-m-n</td> <td>t-sh-'</td> <td>'-sh-r</td></tr> <tr><td>Classical Hebrew+</td> <td>'a<b>h</b>at</td> <td>shtayim</td> <td>shâlôsh</td> <td>'arba`</td> <td><b>h</b>âmêsh</td> <td>shêsh</td> <td>sheba`</td> <td>sh<sup>e</sup>môneh</td> <td>têsha`</td> <td>`eser</td></tr> <tr><td>Aramaic+</td> <td>tadh</td> <td>t<sup>e</sup>re:yn</td> <td>t<sup>e</sup>la:tha:h</td> <td>'ar<sup>e</sup>b<sup>e</sup>'a:h</td> <td>xam<sup>e</sup>sha:h</td> <td>shitha:h</td> <td>shi:B<sup>e</sup>'a:h</td> <td>t<sup>e</sup>ma:n<sup>e</sup>ya:h</td> <td>ti:sh<sup>e</sup>'a:h</td> <td>'as<sup>e</sup>rh</td></tr> <tr><td>Classical Syriac+</td> <td>h.adh</td> <td>t<sup>e</sup>re:n</td> <td>t<sup>e</sup>la:tha</td> <td>'arb<sup>e</sup>'a:</td> <td>h.amsha:</td> <td>'eshta:</td> <td>shab'a:</td> <td>t<sup>e</sup>ma:nia:</td> <td>tesh'a:</td> <td>'eshra:</td></tr> <tr><td>Egyptian+</td> <td>w-`-w</td> <td>s-n-w-y</td> <td>h.-m-t-w</td> <td>y-f-d-w</td> <td>d-y-w</td> <td>s-y-s-w</td> <td>s-f-h.-w</td> <td>h.-m-n-w</td> <td>p-s-<u>d</u>-w</td> <td>m-<u>d</u>-w</td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Berber+</td> <td>yn</td> <td>sn</td> <td>krad</td> <td>okkoz</td> <td>fuss</td> <td>fuss d yn</td> <td>fuss d sn</td> <td>fuss d krad</td> <td>a<b>d</b><b>d</b>aw meraw</td> <td>meraw</td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-HEC+</td> <td>*mitto</td> <td>*lamo</td> <td>*sase</td> <td>*shoole</td> <td>*omute</td> <td>*leho</td> <td>*lamala</td> <td>*saddzee</td> <td>*honso</td> <td>*ton-me</td></tr> <tr><td><a name="chukchi"><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Chukchi- Kamchatkan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Chukchi</td> <td><sup>e</sup>nnen</td> <td>ngireq</td> <td>ng<sup>e</sup>roq</td> <td>ng<sup>e</sup>raq</td> <td>metlengen</td> <td><sup>e</sup>nnenm<sup>e</sup>tl<sup>e</sup>ngen</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>m<sup>e</sup>nggh<sup>e</sup>tken</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Eskimo-Aleut</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Eskimo+</td> <td>*ata<font size=1>R</font>uci<font size=1>R</font></td> <td>*mal<font size=1>R</font>ugh</td> <td>*pingayut</td> <td>*citamat</td> <td>*ta<strike>l</strike><strike>l</strike>imat</td> <td>*a<font size=1>R</font>vin<sup>e</sup>legh</td> <td>*mal<font size=1>R</font>ughneng a<font size=1>R</font>vin<sup>e</sup>l<sup>e</sup>gh</td> <td>*ningayuneng a<font size=1>R</font>vin<sup>e</sup>l<sup>e</sup>gh</td> <td>*qul<sup>e</sup>ngngu<font size=1>R</font>ut<sup>e</sup>ngit</td> <td>*qul<sup>e</sup>t</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Ainu</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Ainu+</td> <td>shine</td> <td>tu</td> <td>re</td> <td>ine</td> <td>ashikne</td> <td>iwan</td> <td>arawan</td> <td>tupesan</td> <td>shinepe-san</td> <td>wan</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Burushashki</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Burushashki</td> <td>hin</td> <td>a:ltan</td> <td>i:sken</td> <td>wa:lto</td> <td>cundo</td> <td>mishindo</td> <td>talo</td> <td>a:ltambo</td> <td>huncho</td> <td>to:rumo</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Basque</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Basque</td> <td>bat</td> <td>bi</td> <td>hiru</td> <td>lau</td> <td>bost</td> <td>sei</td> <td>zazpi</td> <td>zortzi</td> <td>bederatzi</td> <td>hamar</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Etruscan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Etruscan+</td> <td>thu</td> <td>zal</td> <td>ci</td> <td>huth</td> <td>makh</td> <td>sa</td> <td>semph</td> <td>cezp</td> <td>nutph</td> <td>s'ar</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Sumerian</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Sumerian+</td> <td>desh</td> <td>min</td> <td>pesh</td> <td>lim</td> <td>i</td> <td>i-ash</td> <td>i-min</td> <td>i-us</td> <td>i-lim</td> <td>hu</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Nilo-Saharan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Old Nubian+</td> <td>ouer-</td> <td>ouo-</td> <td>tousko-</td> <td>kemso-</td> <td>dij-</td> <td>godeô-</td> <td>kolot-</td> <td>idouei</td> <td></td> <td>dimed-</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Niger-Congo</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Edoid+</td> <td></td> <td>*i-v<sup>e</sup></td> <td>*<font size=1>II</font>-cha<font size=1>GI</font></td> <td>*-ni<sup>e</sup></td> <td>*ii-chiN<sup>e</sup>nhi</td> <td>*-chaN</td> <td>*i-chi<sup>e</sup></td> <td>*nh<font size=1>I</font>Nanh<font size=1>I</font></td> <td>*i-ci<sup>e</sup>nhi</td> <td>*gbeNi</td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Bantu-X+</td> <td>*-m<i>ó</i></td> <td>*-bàd<b>é</b></td> <td>*-tát<b>ò</b></td> <td>*-nà</td> <td>*-táán<i>ò</i></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>*-k<b>ó</b>m(ì,</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Tai</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Thai</td> <td>nyng<sup>2</sup></td> <td>s<i>o</i>ng<sup>3</sup></td> <td>sa:m<sup>3</sup></td> <td>si:<sup>2</sup></td> <td>ha:<sup>4</sup></td> <td>hog<sup>2</sup></td> <td>ced<sup>2</sup></td> <td>p<i>e</i>d<sup>2</sup></td> <td>kazh<sup>4</sup></td> <td>sib<sup>2</sup></td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Austro-Asiatic</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Vietnamese</td> <td>mô.t</td> <td>hai</td> <td>ba</td> <td>bô'n</td> <td>nâm</td> <td>sáu</td> <td>báy</td> <td>tám</td> <td>chín</td> <td>mu'ò'i</td></tr> <tr><td>Mundari</td> <td>mi<b>d</b></td> <td>baria</td> <td>apia</td> <td>upunia</td> <td>mon.r.ea</td> <td>turuia</td> <td>ea</td> <td>írilia</td> <td>area</td> <td>gelea</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Sino-Tibetan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Ancient Chinese+</td> <td>'iêt<sup>8</sup></td> <td>ñzhi<sup>6</sup></td> <td>sâm<sup>2</sup></td> <td>si<sup>6</sup></td> <td>nguo<sup>4</sup></td> <td>lyuk<sup>8</sup></td> <td>ts'yet<sup>7</sup></td> <td>pwat<sup>7</sup></td> <td>ky<sup>e</sup>u<sup>4</sup></td> <td>zhy<sup>e</sup>p<sup>7</sup></td></tr> <tr><td>Classical Tibetan+</td> <td>gtshig</td> <td>gñis</td> <td>gsum</td> <td>bzhi</td> <td>lnga</td> <td>drug</td> <td>bdun</td> <td>brgyad</td> <td>dgu</td> <td>btshu</td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Burmic+</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>*sum<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td></td> <td>*nga<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>*khyok</td> <td>*n'it</td> <td>*slit</td> <td>*ko<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>*tshe<font size=1><sup>1</sup></font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Lolo+</td> <td></td> <td>nyi<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>sum<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>o<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>nga<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>kho'<font size=1><sup>1</sup></font></td> <td>sei<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>nye'<font size=1><sup>1</sup></font></td> <td>go<font size=1><sup>2</sup></font></td> <td>tsche<font size=1><sup>1</sup></font><u></u></td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Austronesian</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Austronesian+</td> <td>isa<u>?</u></td> <td>dewsa</td> <td>telu</td> <td>xepate</td> <td>lima<u>?</u></td> <td>eneme</td> <td>pitu<u>?</u></td> <td>walu<u>?</u></td> <td>siwa<u>?</u></td> <td>puluque</td></tr> <tr><td>Old Javanese+</td> <td>tunggul</td> <td>rwa</td> <td>telu</td> <td>pat</td> <td>lima</td> <td>nem</td> <td>pitu</td> <td>uwalu</td> <td>sanga</td> <td>sapuluh</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Almosan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Algonquian+</td> <td>*nekotwi</td> <td>*ni:shwi</td> <td>*ne<u>?</u>thwi</td> <td>*nye:wi</td> <td>*nya:lanwi</td> <td>nekotwa:shika</td> <td></td> <td>ne<u>?</u>shwa:shika</td> <td></td> <td>meta:tahthe</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Siouan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Dakota</td> <td>wa<sup>n</sup>cha</td> <td>no<sup>n</sup>pa</td> <td>yamni</td> <td>topa</td> <td>zapta<sup>n</sup></td> <td>s'akpe</td> <td>s'akowi<sup>n</sup></td> <td>s'ahdogha<sup>n</sup></td> <td>napchi<sup>n</sup>wa<sup>n</sup>ka</td> <td>wikchemna</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Iroquoian</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Laurentian+</td> <td>segada</td> <td>tigneny</td> <td>asche</td> <td>hannacon</td> <td>ouyscon</td> <td>aiaga</td> <td>judaié</td> <td>addegué</td> <td>wadellon</td> <td>assem</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Na-Dené</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Haida</td> <td><font size=1>SG</font>oansiñ</td> <td>stiñ</td> <td><strike>l</strike><font size=1>G</font>unu<strike>l</strike></td> <td>st<font size=1>A</font>nsiñ</td> <td>Le:i<strike>l</strike></td> <td><font size=1>LGA</font>nu<strike>l</strike></td> <td>dji:gua<font size=1>G</font>a:</td> <td>stans<font size=1>A</font>ñxa</td> <td><font size=1>L</font>a<font size=1>A</font><strike>l</strike>iñgis<font size=1>G</font>oansiñ<font size=1>G</font>o</td> <td><font size=1>L</font>a:<font size=1>A</font><strike>l</strike></td></tr> <tr><td>Navajo</td> <td><strike>l</strike>áa'ii</td> <td>naaki</td> <td>táá'</td> <td>dí,í,</td> <td>'ashdla'</td> <td>hastá,á,</td> <td>tsosts'id</td> <td>tseebíí</td> <td>náhást'éí</td> <td>neeznáá</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Aztec-Tanoan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Uto-Aztecan+</td> <td>*s<strike>i</strike>mayV</td> <td>*woha</td> <td>*pahay</td> <td>*na-wo</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Oto-Manguean</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Zapotec</td> <td>to</td> <td><u>c</u>hop<sup>e</sup></td> <td>sho<u>n</u><sup>e</sup></td> <td>tap</td> <td>guey<sup>e</sup>'</td> <td><u>x</u>op</td> <td>gazh<sup>e</sup></td> <td><u>x</u>on'</td> <td>ga</td> <td>shi</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Penutian</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Miwok+</td> <td>*ken.e</td> <td>*o<b>t</b>i</td> <td>*tel(.)o-</td> <td>*<u>?</u>oj.is-.a-</td> <td>*ma<b>s</b>.o-k.a-</td> <td>*tem.o-k.a-</td> <td>*kene-k.a-k</td> <td>*kaw.in-<b>t</b>a-</td> <td>*wo<u>?</u>e-</td> <td>*na<u>?</u>a.-cha-</td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Mayan+</td> <td>*xu:n</td> <td>*ka?-</td> <td>*<u>?</u>o:sh-</td> <td>*ka:ng-</td> <td>*ho<u>?</u>-</td> <td>*wahq-</td> <td>*huq-</td> <td>*waqshaq-</td> <td>*b'eleng-</td> <td>*laxung</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Chibchan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Chibcha+</td> <td>ata</td> <td>botsa</td> <td>mica</td> <td>muyca</td> <td>hycsa</td> <td>ta</td> <td>cuhubcua</td> <td>sutsa</td> <td>aca</td> <td>hubchihica</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Paezan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Chimú+</td> <td>onäk</td> <td>aput</td> <td>sopät</td> <td>nopät</td> <td>es'mäts</td> <td>tsaitsa</td> <td>ñite</td> <td>langäss</td> <td>tap</td> <td>na-pong</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Andean </font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Quechua+</td> <td>*suk</td> <td>*ishkay</td> <td>*kimsa</td> <td>*çusku, *tawa</td> <td>*pichqa</td> <td>*suqta</td> <td>*qançis</td> <td>*pusaq</td> <td>*isqun</td> <td>*çunka</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Equatorial </font></td></tr> <tr><td>Old Tupi+</td> <td>oîepé</td> <td>mokõí</td> <td>mosapyr</td> <td>irundyk</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Ge-Pano-Carib</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Carib</td> <td>o:wiñ</td> <td>o:ko</td> <td>o:ruwa</td> <td>o:kopaime</td> <td>aiyato:ne</td> <td>o:wiñ- duwo:piima</td> <td>o:ko- tuwo:piima</td> <td>o:ruwa- tuwo:piima</td> <td>o:winapo:si- kï:rï</td> <td>aiyapato:ro</td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Indo-Pacific </font></td></tr> <tr><td>Fore</td> <td>k<u>á</u>noné</td> <td>tarawe</td> <td>kakágawé</td> <td>taraye' taraye kíriné</td> <td>nay<u>a</u> 'káno'empúné</td> <td>to náentisa k<u>á</u>no 'umemaye</td> <td>to náentisa tara 'umemaye</td> <td>to náentisa tarayek<u>á</u>nokirí 'umemayé</td> <td>to náentisa tarayetarayekirí 'úmemaye</td> <td>nay<u>a</u> 'taraye empúné</td></tr> <tr><td>Tasmanian+</td> <td>marra(wa)</td> <td>p'a(wa)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td>Aka-Be-ada</td> <td>u:batu:l</td> <td>ik-paur</td> <td>e:d-a:r-u:ba:i:</td> <td>e:-i:ji-pagi</td> <td>a:r-du:ru</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Pama-Nyungan</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Gamilaraay+</td> <td>maal</td> <td>bulaar</td> <td>gulibaa</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td></tr> <tr><td><font color="#0000FF" size=+1>Almean</font></td></tr> <tr><td>Proto-Eastern+</td> <td>*a:nu</td> <td>*duna</td> <td>*di:m</td> <td>*ba:ghor</td> <td>*pantu</td> <td>*swetsa</td> <td>*xayps</td> <td>*yoki</td> <td>*nebri</td> <td>*dekt</td></tr> <tr><td>Wede:i+</td> <td>bo</td> <td>yok</td> <td>s'ir</td> <td>tause</td> <td>pina</td> <td>bang</td> <td>bang boka</td> <td>bang yokka</td> <td>bang s'irka</td> <td>bang tauseka</td></tr> </table> <hr> <A HREF="default.html">[ Home ]</A> </BODY></HTML>