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<h3>-1360 — Appearance of Munkhâsh</h3>
The subjugation of the Eynleyni to the ktuvoks, forming the empire of <b>Munkhâsh</b>, seems to have been accomplished more by temptation than by force. The ktuvoks have never been keen on physical combat, and indeed have a reputation as cowards; once they have empires they always prefer to let human servants do their dirty work. For their first conquests they seem to have offered their neighbors a sort of devil’s bargain: the Eynleyni acquired agriculture, domesticated animals, houses, and powerful gods, at the mere cost of their liberty. And where persuasion failed there was intimidation: the ktuvoks knew the art of working bronze, at a period when the Eynleyni were still armed only with stones.
<p>The region between the ktuvok swamps is <b>Demóshimor</b>, Munkhâshi <i>Tmótimor </i>‘first-home’, reflecting the fact that the Demoshi were the first subjects of the ktuvoks and thus ranked higher than later conquests. The northwestern portion of Demóshimor, Látwenam, rejected the bargain with the ktuvoks and for the moment remains free.
<p>As a sort of balance, the Qaraus in the east are now in contact with the <b>ilii</b>, who induced them to adopt monotheism. The areas of iliu settlement can be seen to shrink as men settle the land. As sea dwellers, they come ashore only for practices that cannot be done underwater, such as metallurgy. But they can now acquire much of what they need from the elcari (note the closeness of Telarsanië, the iliu enclave northwest of Verduria, to Khatelyên).
<p>The establishment of the kingdom of <b><a href="Javascript:parent.al('Na:nyanok');">Na:nyanok</a></b> (c. -1450) is also attributed to an epic king, Bo:ndola:i, lord of Śima:i. The early Wede:i kings and nobles are described as continually offering feasts and distributions of wealth to their relatives and supporters; this may be taken as evidence that the Wede:i had not yet completely grasped the notion that an upper class can take what it wants by force, without bribing the populace. They would soon learn.
<p>At about this time the Kagöt peoples of the West have moved from hunting the <b>horse</b> to deomesticating it. They had already domesticated the sheep, and learned goat-tending from the elcari. The development of the <b>herding lifestyle</b> allowed a higher population density, though not reaching that allowed by agriculture; the ruled shading on the map is intended to suggest this.
<p>Agriculture spread to the <b>Monkhayic</b> peoples of Eretald by -2000. The Monkhayu domesticated the cow, the pig and the chicken; the southerners had only the chicken at this point. (To be precise, the creatures domesticated were the <i>šual</i>, <i>mot</i>, <i>kapro</i>, <i>boua</i>, <i>šuča</i>, and <i>huyon</i>. See the <a href="Javascript:parent.al('Biology');">Almeopedia</a> for a description of these Almean species.)
<p>In Luduyn, the Mgunikpe have been expanding into <b>icëlan</b> territory. This is direct competition, as both are hunter-gatherers. The humans are not yet well adapted to the arctic forest, so at the moment they’re losing; but the long-term trend is on their side. Icëlani survive in Luduyn till the present, but not in extensive areas clear of humans, which is what the orange outlines represent.
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