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<title>Jimmy Carter - Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid</title>
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<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Jimmy Carter � <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on"><i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Palestine</i></st1:place></st1:City><i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>Peace Not Apartheid</i><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>I have just finished reading Jimmy Carter's new book, <i
style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Palestine:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>Peace Not Apartheid</i>, and I think it is excellent.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Jimmy Carter is someone who has devoted much
of his adult life to working towards peace in the <st1:place w:st="on">Middle
East</st1:place>, and this book is a heartfelt and sensitive work dedicated
toward the same end.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>The outrage with
which it has been greeted in many American circles is actually
preposterous-and, in itself, quite outrageous.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>President Carter has had the "temerity" to lay out a
thoughtful, knowledgeable, and balanced history and analysis of the conflicts
surrounding <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place>
and the Palestinians, and, for doing <span class=GramE>so,</span> he has been
attacked and reviled.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Apparently, in the
<st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region>, it is less
possible to have an open and balanced discussion of these issues than it even
is in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>-where
the ideas he has espoused are far less unspeakable than here.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>The book lays out the history of Carter's personal
relationship to <st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region> and <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Palestine</st1:City></st1:place>, and describes, in
penetrating detail, his involvement-both as President and as a private
citizen-in the negotiations that have attempted to treat the issues between
Israelis and Palestinians, in the context of the politics of the nations which
surround them and of the world at large.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>In an easily readable, personal style, he accurately lays out the
history that lies behind the current conflict.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>He describes the forces that have been at work, within Israel as well as
within Palestine; he summarizes the forces at work historically in each of the
neighboring countries; he gives a rather detailed, insider's account of the
United States' role in the history-presidency by presidency, from his own
forward (surprise, surprise:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>George W. Bush
comes in for special blame and criticism for almost completely abandoning the
pursuit of peace in this region and for unleashing some particularly regressive
behaviors on the part of the Israelis); and he gives an overview of some of the
other world forces that have played a part in this history.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>(If there is any noteworthy deficiency in
Carter's overview, by the way, it lies in his presentation of the other Arab
nations' historical treatment of Palestinian refugees and the political
implications which motivated this treatment: he acknowledges some of the
problems in how these states treated the issue, but fails to present a
penetrating enough analysis of the internal and international reasons for their
mistreatment of these refugees and their manipulation of their existence for
political ends.)<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>The book is both an
informative and sound beginner's overview of this most important world
situation, and an insightful in-depth perspective for even those who have a
great deal of knowledge of this subject.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Most importantly, the book sets out some principles for
understanding what is necessary for bringing peace to the region.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>I quote here from the book's summary:</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Since the Israeli-Egyptian peace
treaty was signed in 1979<span class=GramE>,<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>much</span> blood has been shed unnecessarily and repeated efforts for a
negotiated peace between <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place>
and her neighbors have failed.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Despite
its criticism from some Arab sources, this treaty stands as proof that
diplomacy can bring lasting peace between ancient adversaries.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Although disparities among them are often
emphasized, the 1974 Israeli-Syrian withdrawal agreement, the 1978 Camp David
Accords, the Reagan statement of 1982, the 1993 Oslo Agreement, the treaty
between Israel and Jordan in 1994, the Arab peace proposal of 2002, the 2003
Geneva Initiative, and the International Quartet's Roadmap all contain key
common elements that can be consolidated if pursued in good faith.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>There are two interrelated
obstacles to permanent peace in the <st1:place w:st="on">Middle East</st1:place>:</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'>1.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>����������������� </span>Some Israelis believe they
have the right to confiscate and colonize Palestinian land and try to justify
the sustained subjugation and persecution of increasingly hopeless ad
aggravated Palestinians; and</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'>2.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>����������������� </span>Some Palestinians react by
honoring suicide bombers as martyrs to be rewarded in heaven and consider the
killing of Israelis as victories.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>In turn <st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>
responds with retribution and repression, and militant Palestinians refuse to
recognize the legitimacy of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>
and vow to destroy the nation.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>The cycle
of distrust and violence is sustained, and efforts for peace are
frustrated.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Casualties have been high as
the occupying forces impose even tighter controls.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>From September 2000 until March 2006, 3,982
Palestinians and 1,084 Israelis were killed in the second intifada, and these
numbers include many children:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>708
Palestinians and 123 Israelis.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>As
indicated earlier, there was an ever-rising toll of dead and wounded from the
latest outbreak of violence in <st1:City w:st="on">Gaza</st1:City> and <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Lebanon</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>The only rational response to this
continuing tragedy is <span class=GramE>to<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>revitalize</span> the peace process through negotiations between
Israelis and Palestinians, but the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region
w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region></st1:place> has, in effect,
abandoned this effort.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>It may be that
one of the periodic escalations in violence will lead to strong influence being
exerted from the International Quartet to implement its Roadmap for Peace.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>These are the key requirements:</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'>a.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>����������������� </span>The security of <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> must be
guaranteed. The Arabs must acknowledge openly and specifically that <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region> is a reality and has a right to exist in
peace, behind secure and recognized borders, and with a firm Arab pledge to
terminate any further acts of violence against the legally constituted nation
of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'>b.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>����������������� </span>The internal debate within <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> must be
resolved in order to define Israeli's permanent legal boundary.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>The unwavering official policy of the United
States since Israel became a state has been that its borders must coincide with
those prevailing from 1949 until 1967 (unless modified by some mutually
agreeable land swaps), specified in the unanimously adopted U.N. Resolution
242, which mandates Israel's withdrawal from occupied territories.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>This obligation was confirmed by <st1:country-region
w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>'s leaders in agreements negotiated in
1978 at Camp David and in 1993 at <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Oslo</st1:place></st1:City>,
for which they received the Nobel Peace Prize, and both of these commitments
were officially ratified by the Israeli government.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Also, as a member of the International
Quartet that includes <st1:country-region w:st="on">Russia</st1:country-region>,
the United Nations, and the European Union, <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">America</st1:place></st1:country-region> supports the Roadmap for
Peace, which espouses exactly the same requirements.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Palestinian leaders unequivocally accepted
this proposal, but <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>
has officially rejected its key provisions with unacceptable caveats and
prerequisites.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:1.0in'>c.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>������������������ </span>The sovereignty of all
Middle East Nations and sanctity of international borders must be honored.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>There is little doubt that accommodation with
the Palestinians can bring full recognition of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> and its right to live in
peace, with Arab commitment to restrain further violence initiated by extremist
Palestinians.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>....The <st1:country-region w:st="on">United
States</st1:country-region> has used its U.N. Security Council veto more than
forty times to block resolutions critical of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Some of these vetoes have brought international
discredit on the <st1:country-region w:st="on">United States</st1:country-region>,
and there has been little doubt that the lack of a persistent effort to resolve
the Palestinian issue is a major source of anti-American sentiments and
terrorist activity throughout the <st1:place w:st="on">Middle East</st1:place>
and the Islamic world.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>..The bottom line is this:<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Peace will come to <st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>
and the <st1:place w:st="on">Middle East</st1:place> only when the Israeli
government is willing to comply with international law, with the Roadmap for
Peace, with official American policy, with the wishes of a majority of its own citizens-and
honor its own previous commitments-by accepting its legal borders.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>All Arab neighbors must pledge to honor <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s right
to live in peace under these conditions.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>The <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>
is squandering international prestige and goodwill and intensifying global
anti-American terrorism by officially condoning or abetting the Israeli
confiscation and colonization of Palestinian territories.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>It will be a tragedy-for Israelis,
the Palestinians, and the world-if peace is rejected and a system of oppression,
apartheid and sustained violence is permitted to prevail.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>I hardly think these observations and proposals will strike
most rational readers as hateful or bigoted; and I suspect that they will
appear one-sided only to those who are so thoroughly entrenched on one side of
these issues that they cannot recognize any validity at all to any position
other than their own.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>One can argue
about some of the phraseology and details of presentation; but, if one understands
the tremendous circularity in the cycles of action and reaction, one will not
be bothered by the questions of what comes first.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>(E.g., of course there has been a refusal on
the part of some Arab states and factions to recognize the existence of <st1:place
w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place>
from the very beginning, but the annexation of territories and building of
settlements therein has set back <span class=GramE>that recognition process
decades</span>.)<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>And to consider a
loving, thoughtful presentation such as Carter's as anti-Semitic simply boggles
my mind.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>One can correctly accuse Jimmy Carter of being
provocative-but, then, he is obviously trying to provoke some different sort of
thinking about these issues.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>His title
is provocative, but it is accurate in laying out the choice:<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Israel is in danger of becoming a nation in
which a large portion of its inhabitants-perhaps a majority-are excluded from
citizenship; a government run by members of one ethnic/religious group ruling
another ethnic/religious group over <span class=GramE>which<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>it</span> has to exercise repressive control;
a society in which the empowered group looks down upon and fears the other
group.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Some may be offended by it, but
"apartheid" is an accurate word for such an arrangement.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>And it is what Carter wants <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> to
avoid.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>And if there is another thing that is clear from Carter's book,
it is how much the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United
States</st1:place></st1:country-region> has failed to exert a positive
influence on the peace process in recent years, and how important this failing
is.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>I actually believe that peace in
this region more depends on the positive, active involvement of the U.S. than
Carter does:<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>I am less hopeful than he
about Israel's ability to come on its own to a sensible change of direction and
to find a way to relinquish the occupied territories-as is clearly necessary in
any responsible plan for peace in the region-and end their part in the cycle of
violence; but I am also not sanguine about the Palestinians' ability to
establish a stable society and a functioning government sufficient to end their
contribution to the instability and violence-and I am certainly not confident
that other Arabs nations can be relied upon to act responsibly to this end, as
well.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>It is my opinion that the <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">United States</st1:place></st1:country-region>
will have to be active in a heavy-handed way-perhaps encouraged and prodded by
the other members of the International Quartet, and in concert with them-to
bring about and sustain a sane solution.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>At the moment, unfortunately, our current Administration has instead
been pursuing a course of action actually more modeled on the failed policies
of the Israeli government than as a corrective to it-and, naturally, in so
doing has unleashed those forces in Israel to act even more in the same
imperious and aggressive ways.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Perhaps the greatest tragedy is that the debate that should
be occurring in our country about these crucial issues seems out-of-bounds to
many people.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>It has become a virtually
forbidden topic here to question <st1:country-region w:st="on">Israel</st1:country-region>'s
policies-in a manner that, by the way, it is not in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region> itself.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>There is actually more room for Israelis
comfortably to raise questions about the advisability and morality of <st1:country-region
w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Israel</st1:place></st1:country-region>'s
actions and policies than it is for Americans.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>You may not agree with Carter's positions or conclusions, but you will
profit from opening your mind to his perspective and attempting to integrate
the information he is conveying-and I believe you will conclude <span
class=GramE>that<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>there</span> is no
reasonable way to conclude that it is "anti-Semitic," unless, of
course, you think that offering any criticism of anything that Israel does
qualifies one for that label.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>Personally, I find that he is right on about most of what he has to say,
and virtually all of what he proposes.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>The issue is not necessarily that one <span class=GramE>need</span> to
agree, however; the issue is that one needs to be open to think about it.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Palestine</st1:place></st1:City>:<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Peace Not Apartheid is a worthwhile and
important book.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>Carter was brave to
write it; and you would be wise to read it!<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�
</span>I suggest you do.<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>� </span>It is available
from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/">www.Amazon.com</a> for $16.20.</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
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id="_x0000_i1025" src=line1.gif></p>
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