|
Server : Apache/2.4.62 System : FreeBSD fbsdweb2.web.rcn.net 14.1-RELEASE FreeBSD 14.1-RELEASE releng/14.1-n267679-10e31f0946d8 GENERIC amd64 User : www ( 80) PHP Version : 8.3.8 Disable Function : NONE Directory : /domains/conservation1/ |
Upload File : |
<html>
<head>
<title>DC Metro Paper Conservator: Cleveland Conservation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
<!--
//Preload image rollovers:
arrowUp = new Image
arrowOver = new Image
arrowUp.src = "images/next_up.gif"
arrowOver.src= "images/next_over.gif"
// The sniffer below checks to see whether the browser is DOM2 compliant. This is used as a proxy for sniffing out an array of CSS-P properties, which are essential for viewing the site. If the browser is not DOM2 compliant, there is an automatic redirect to alternate.html, which gives basic information about Cleveland Conservation and encourages the user to upgrade browsers. This script is repeated on every page because users using search engines may not have entered the site "through the front door."
var n4 = (document.layers) ? 1 : 0;
var ie = (document.all) ? 1 : 0;
var dom;
if (n4 == 1) {
dom = 0
}
else {
if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 4") == -1) {
(document.getElementsByTagName("*")) ? (dom = 1) : (dom = 0)
}
}
if (dom != 1) {
window.location="alternate.html"
}
// -->
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="head.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
p {
line-height: 16px;
}
-->
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript" src="bodytop.js"></script>
<div id="template-01" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_01.gif" width=218 height=57></div>
<div id="template-02" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_02.gif" width=388 height=166></div>
<div id="template-03" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_03.gif" width=218 height=57></div>
<div id="template-04" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_04.gif" width=98 height=21></div>
<div id="template-05" onmouseover="hidemenu()"><a href="welcome.html">
<img src="images/template_05.gif" width=120 height=21 border=0></a></div>
<div id="template-06" onMouseover="dropit(event,'dropmenu1');event.cancelBubble=true;return false"><a href="tears.html">
<img src="images/template_06.gif" width=120 height=21 border=0 onmouseover="hidemenu()"></a></div>
<div id="template-07" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_07.gif" width=98 height=21></div>
<div id="template-08" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_08.gif" width=72 height=22></div>
<div id="template-09" onMouseover="dropit(event,'dropmenu0');event.cancelBubble=true;return false"><a href="about.html">
<img src="images/template_09.gif" width=130 height=22 border=0 onmouseover="hidemenu()"></a></div>
<div id="template-10" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_10.gif" width=16 height=22></div>
<div id="template-11" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_11.gif" width=16 height=22 border=0></div>
<div id="template-12" onmouseover="hidemenu()"><a href="working.html">
<img src="images/template_12.gif" width=130 height=22 border=0></a></div>
<div id="template-13" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_13.gif" width=72 height=22></div>
<div id="template-14" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_14.gif" width=218 height=66></div>
<div id="template-15" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<img src="images/template_15.gif" width=218 height=66></div>
<div id="template-16" onmouseover="hidemenu()">
<div style="padding-left:25px; padding-right:25px; padding-top:2px; border-left: 1px black solid; border-right: 1px black solid; border-bottom: 1px black solid">
<!-- Begin content -->
<h1>Stains and Discoloration</h1>
<div class="figure-l" style="width: 222px">
<a href="images/stains1-19-det-1-b.jpg"><img src="images/stains1-19-det-1-s.jpg" border=1 width=220 height=116></a>
<div class="caption">
Before treatment (detail), showing vertical bands of slat-induced discoloration.
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-r" style="width: 222px">
<a href="images/stains1-9-det-1-b.jpg"><img src="images/stains1-9-det-1-s.jpg" border=1 width=220 height=116></a>
<div class="caption">
After treatment (detail).
</div>
</div>
<p class="initial">Paper artifacts often suffer staining and discoloration caused by a variety of environmental hazards. The 19th century commercial print shown on this page exhibits both staining and discoloration. In the photo at upper left, broad vertical stripes in the background indicate that it was housed for many years in a frame that had vertical wooden slats across the back. This allowed environmental differences to develop within the paper itself. Where there were gaps between the slats, the paper was adversely affected by a relatively high rate of air circulation, greater fluctuations in humidity and temperature, and a different level of acidity. Where gaps were not present, the paper was more protected and darkened less over time.</p>
<p>Water stains are shown in the photo at lower left. Paper absorbs water rapidly, causing expansion and planar distortions. At the same time, the advancing moisture dissolves and transports substances within the paper. When this process ceases and the water begins to evaporate, much of the dissolved material is deposited at the edges of the wet area, often producing disfiguring "tidelines."</p>
<p style="margin-bottom: 20px">Controlled bathing with alkaline solutions can often reduce stains such as the ones shown here. Sometimes selected wavelengths of light are introduced during the process to increase solubility of the discoloring substances. Unfortunately, some stains cannot be satisfactorily reduced without the added use of bleach. Almost all bleaches are damaging to paper; however, if a stain is visually disturbing, then the owner may elect to have it reduced, where possible, with a carefully selected bleaching agent.</p>
<div class="figure-l" style="width: 327px">
<a href="images/stains1-19-det-2-b.jpg"><img src="images/stains1-19-det-2-b.jpg" border=1 width=325 height=111></a>
<div class="caption">
Before treatment (detail), showing water stain and "tideline."
</div>
</div>
<div class="figure-r" style="width: 327px">
<a href="images/stains1-9-det-2-b.jpg"><img src="images/stains1-9-det-2-s.jpg" border=1 width=325 height=111></a>
<div class="caption">
After treatment (detail).
</div>
</div>
<div align=center style="margin-top: 150px">
<br>
<br>
<a href="tears.html" onMouseOver="document.nextprob.src=arrowOver.src" onMouseOut="document.nextprob.src=arrowUp.src"><img src="images/next_up.gif" width=28 height=24 border=0 name="nextprob" align="absmiddle">NEXT PROBLEM</a>
</div>
<!-- End content -->
<br><br>
<div style="font-size: 80%; font-style: italic; text-align: center">
© Cleveland Conservation of Art on Paper, Inc. All rights reserved. Site design by <a href="http://m.knight.name">Mark R. Knight</a>.
<br><br>
</div>
</div>
<div style="background-color: gray; height:15px;">
</div>
</div>
<div id=dropmenu0 style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:15px; layer-background-color:#f1fbe5; background-color:#f1fbe5; width:140px; visibility:hidden; border:1px solid black; padding:0px; font-size:8pt; font-family: 'arial', arial, 'helvetica', helvetica, sans-serif">
<script type="text/javascript" src="bodybot1.js"></script>
</div>
<div id=dropmenu1 style="position:absolute; left:0px; top:15px; layer-background-color:#fcedc8; background-color:#fcedc8; width:140px; visibility:hidden; border:1px solid black; padding:0px; font-size:8pt; font-family: 'arial', arial, 'helvetica', helvetica, sans-serif">
<script type="text/javascript" src="bodybot2.js"></script>
</div>
<!--
<script type="text/javascript" src="bodybot3.js"></script>
-->
</body>
</html>