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<title>Norovirus Information</title>
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<a href="../xTownMisc/oldindex.htm">Needham Home Page</a></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
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<font face="Verdana" size="1">1471 Highland Avenue</font></b><p style="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"><b>
<font face="Verdana" size="1"> Needham, MA 02492<br>
Phone - 781-455-7523</font></b><p style="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1">
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<font face="Verdana" size="1">Fax - 781-455-0892</font></b><p style="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1">
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<p align="center"><b><font face="Verdana" size="5" color="#0000FF">
Noroviruses<br>
(Norwalk-like Viruses)<br>
</font></b></p>
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<a href="BOHFluClinicAlert.htm">Flu Clinic Alert</a></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
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<p align="center"><font face="Verdana" size="2"><a href="Index.htm">Board of Health Home Page</a></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
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<o:p>
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<p align="justify" style="margin: 1px 5px"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099"><font color="#000000">
<a target="_blank" href="Documents/BOHDidYouWashYourHands.pdf">
<img border="0" src="Images/did_you_wash_your_hands.jpg" width="196" height="250" style="float: left"></a><font face="Verdana" size="1">What
are Norwalk-like Viruses?</font></font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Norwalk virus, Norwalk-like viruses (NLV)
or noroviruses are a group of viruses (germs) that cause diarrheal
illnesses. These viruses are named after the original strain that caused
an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio. They are also sometimes referred to as
small, round-structured viruses (SRSV) or caliciviruses.</font></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">What are the symptoms of
NLV infection?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">The symptoms of NLV infection include
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Other symptoms can
include headache, fever, and chills, and muscle aches. These symptoms
usually begin 1-2 days after exposure to the virus and will last about
1-2 days in most people, with no long-term effects. </font></p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099"> <!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">How are NLV spread?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">NLV must be swallowed to cause infection.
NLV are then passed in the stool and vomit of infected people from the
day they start to feel ill up to as long as 2-3 weeks after they feel
better. NLV are usually spread by eating or drinking contaminated food
or drinks or by close contact with an infected person. Foods can become
contaminated by infected foodworkers. Some foods, like oysters and
berries, can be contaminated with NLV before being delivered to a
restaurant or store if they come in contact with contaminated water.</font></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">How common is NLV in
Massachusetts?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">NLV are believed to be one of the most
common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. Since it is
difficult to test for NLV in the laboratory; it is hard to say how many
people get infected by NLV in Massachusetts. </font></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">Who gets NLV infection?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Anyone can get infected with NLV but older
children and adults are more likely to get more severe symptoms. Also,
since there are many strains of these viruses, people can get sick from
them many times during their life.</font></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">How is NLV infection
diagnosed?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">NLV is difficult to detect in a
laboratory, but it can be found by testing stool or vomit from an
infected person. Only a few laboratories are able to perform this test
so it is only done under special circumstances. Usually, health care
providers will first try to rule out other germs that may have caused
the illness, then base their diagnosis on symptoms and how long they
last. </font></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">What is the treatment for
NLV infection?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">There is no specific treatment for NLV
infection. NLV cannot be treated with antibiotics and people usually get
better without medical attention in 1-2 days. There is a risk for
dehydration due to vomiting and diarrhea so it is important to drink
plenty of fluids. If symptoms persist or worsen, contact your health
care provider. </font></p>
<p class="MsoHeader" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1"> </font></p>
<h2 align="justify" style="margin: 1px 5px"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">What can you do to prevent
NLV infection?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Follow the tips below; if you make them
your habits, you can prevent infection by NLV � as well as other
diseases:</font></p>
<!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Always wash your hands thoroughly with
soap and warm water before eating or preparing food, after using the
toilet, and after changing diapers.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Make sure all food preparation areas
are clean before use.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Cook your food completely. Wash all
fruits and vegetables.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">When traveling to an area that might
have contaminated water, drink bottled, preferably carbonated,
beverages and do not use ice.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">After episodes of vomiting or
diarrhea, clean contaminated surfaces immediately with a
bleach-based household cleaner.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">If you are taking care of someone who
has vomited or who has diarrhea, wash your hands with plenty of soap
and warm water after cleaning the bathroom, helping the person use
the toilet, or changing diapers, soiled clothes or soiled sheets.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">If you or your child has persistent
diarrhea (with or without a fever), or the diarrhea is very bad,
call your health care provider for advice.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--></table><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">Are there any restrictions
for people with NLV?</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Yes. Because NLV can easily be spread to
other people, health care providers are required by law to report cases
of NLV to the local board of health. In order to protect the public,
workers at food-related businesses who have NLV must stay out of work
for 72 hours after their symptoms have stopped. In NLV outbreaks at
food-related businesses, food handling employees will be required to
provide stool specimens for testing. This law also applies to workers in
schools, residential programs, day-care and health care facilities who
feed, give mouth care or dispense medications to clients or patients.</font></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"> </p>
<h2 style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify"><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099">
<font face="Verdana" size="1" color="#000000">For more information
contact:</font><!--mstheme--></font></h2>
<!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Your local board of health (listed in
the telephone directory under �Government�)</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Your health care provider </font>
<!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 1px 5px" align="justify">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">Massachusetts Department of Public
Health: Division of Epidemiology and Immunization (617) 983-6800 or
toll-free at (888) 658-2850 or on the MDPH website at
<a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single" href="http://www.mass.gov/dph">
http://www.mass.gov/dph</a><b>, </b>or Division of Food & Drugs
(617) 983-6700</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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