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Hepatitis A: Information You Need to Know</font></b></p>
<p align="center"><b><font face="Verdana" color="#000000" size="2">
Submitted by Bryan Eustis from the Needham Health Department</font></b></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">Given the recent diagnosis of Hepatitis A
among several food workers in Massachusetts, concerns over bare-hand
contact with food have increased. Therefore, in an effort to minimize any
potential exposure to Hepatitis A in food establishments, the Commonwealth
of Massachusetts strictly prohibits bare-hand contact among food workers
except when washing fruits and vegetables in accordance with state
regulations. </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2"> Hepatitis A is a highly contagious viral
disease that causes the liver to swell. Symptoms of the disease depend on
a person�s age but usually consist of fever, fatigue, loss of appetite,
and nausea. Symptoms can last from one week to several months though most
cases tend to have the shorter length of symptoms. </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">At present, there is no treatment for
Hepatitis A and most people do not need any. Immune Globulin is given to
people who have become exposed to the disease and have never received the
Hepatitis A vaccination. However, Immune Globulin does not confer immunity
it only partly protects a person from the disease for three to five
months. A person who received IG can still get the disease and spread it
to others but the IG will make the symptoms milder.</font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">The only way to be fully protected from the
disease is by getting vaccinated. Immunization is recommended for persons
who work, live or travel in countries or communities with high rates of
the disease. It is also recommended for men who have sex with men, persons
who use street drugs, persons who receive clotting factor concentrates,
and persons with chronic liver disease. </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">The Hepatitis A vaccination can be given at
the same time as other vaccines. It is given in two doses each at least
six months apart. However, if someone has a serious allergic reaction to
the first dose, they should not receive the second dose.</font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">It takes an average of one month for a
person exposed to the Hepatitis A virus to become sick. However, during
this one-month period an infected person can still transmit the disease to
other people. This is extremely important as infected food handlers and
those around them, may not know that they have the disease or that they
should not be working until their fevers have come and gone and a week has
passed since the start of their symptoms.</font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">Hepatitis A can be spread in a variety of
manners. Eating raw or undercooked shellfish is one way to contract the
disease. However, it is most often spread when people do not wash their
hands after using the toilet or changing a diaper, then touch their own
mouths, prepare food for others, or touch others with contaminated hands.
If a person infected with Hepatitis A in the food industry does not
properly wash their hands and touches ready-to-eat food with their bare
hands they could transmit the disease to patrons of their restaurant.
Therefore compliance with state regulations regarding bare-hand contact is
of tremendous importance.</font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">In addition to prohibiting bare-hand contact
with ready-to-eat foods, Needham Health Department has advised all food
handlers to:</font></p>
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Wash hands thoroughly and frequently.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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Change gloves frequently and wash hands in between glove changes</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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Stay home from work if experiencing gastrointestinal symptoms such as
vomiting or diarrhea.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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Consider receiving the Hepatitis A vaccine. </font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2">For more information about Hepatitis A or to
report an incident of bare hand contact from a food handler please contact
the Needham Health Department at 781-455-7523 or contact the Massachusetts
Department of Public Health at 617-983-6800 or check out their website at
<a href="http://www.mass.gov/dph/cdc/factsheets/fshepa.pdf">
http://www.mass.gov/dph/cdc/factsheets/fshepa.pdf</a></font></p>
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<b><font face="Verdana" size="2"><i>Bryan Eustis is a Master�s of Public
Health candidate at Boston University School of Public Health. He is an
Intern with the Needham Health Department working on emergency
preparedness projects.</i></font></b></p>
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