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<font face="Verdana" size="4" color="#000000">Eastern Equine Encephalitis</font><!--mstheme--></font></h1>
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By mid-August, thoughts turn to the coming school year. For many, summer
will soon be a fond memory, while leaf raking and school shopping replace
beach outings and lazy days. Although summer is winding down, it is
important to remember that until the first frost, mosquitoes remain
prevalent, and with them, the risk of the diseases that they carry also
continues.</font></p>
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Although the threat of West Nile remains, thus far there have been no
birds <span style="color:black">collected in Massachusetts that have
tested positive for this virus. However, the conditions have been
favorable for the development of Eastern Equine Encephalitis, and the
first positive finding of this virus, in a mosquito pool, has occurred.</span></font></p>
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<span style="color: black"> </span></font></p>
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<span style="color: black"><font size="1">Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
is a rare, but serious disease caused by a virus. This virus grows in
birds that live in freshwater swamps, and is usually found only in these
birds and in the type of mosquitoes that do not bite people. Sometimes,
however, other</font></span><font size="1"> kinds of mosquitoes, the ones
that bite horses and people, may pick up the virus. The risk of acquiring
EEE is greatest from late July through September.</font></font></p>
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Eastern Equine Encephalitis causes high fevers, 101 to 106 F, stiff neck,
headache, and a lack of energy. These symptoms appear up to 10 days after
infection. Swelling of the brain, called encephalitis, is the most
dangerous symptom. The disease gets worse quickly, and some patients may
go into a coma within a week.</font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 1 5"><font face="Verdana" size="1">
There is no cure for EEE. Three of every 10 people that contract this
illness die. Very few people that have contracted this illness recover
completely. Although this disease remains rare, only about 80 cases have
been reported in Massachusetts since it was first described in 1938, most
cases have been in the Plymouth and Norfolk counties. </font></p>
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People and horses cannot spread this virus. Mosquitoes only can spread EEE.
Because mosquitoes transmit this infection, the best way to protect
yourself is to keep mosquitoes from biting you. </font></p>
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Minimize the amount of time spent outdoors from dusk to dawn. If you
must be out of doors, wear long pants and long sleeve shirts. In
addition, use a mosquito repellent that contains DEET (the chemical
N-N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) and follow the directions on the label.
DEET can be poisonous if overused. Never use DEET on an infant, and do
not apply repellants to the hands or faces of children. Avoid using
repellents with a DEET concentration above 10-15% for children, and
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Repair holes to screens, preventing access to your home by mosquitoes.
If bringing an infant outdoors, cover the baby�s carriage or playpen
with mosquito netting.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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Reduce the mosquito populations around your home by getting rid of
standing water. Mosquitoes begin breeding in any puddle or standing
water that lasts for more than four days.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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Massachusetts� Surveillance and Response Plan coordinates efforts of local
officials and state agencies to reduce the risk of EEE. The plan involves
checking for the virus in mosquitoes, reducing the number of mosquitoes,
and educating people on the ways to avoid mosquito bites. From May until
the first hard frost, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH)
and local mosquito control districts collect mosquitoes from various
locations around the state, and test them for the virus that cause EEE.
If found, the MDPH notifies local boards of health and mosquito control
districts, and asks them to increase their education and mosquito control
activities.</font></p>
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<p style="margin: 1 5"><span style="font-family: Verdana"><font size="1">
More information on EEE is available from the MDPH at 617-983-6800, and
online at
<a href="http://www.mass.gov/dph" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single">
www.mass.gov/dph</a>. For this illness, or for information on other
health related issues, please feel free to cal the Needham Health
Department at 781-455-7523.</font></span></p>
<p style="margin: 1 5"> <p style="margin: 1 5" align="center">
<font face="Verdana" size="1">
<a target="_blank" href="Documents/BOHEEEVvirus2006_06.pdf">Information on Eastern Equine
Encephalitis</a></font><!--mstheme--></font></td>
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