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<p align="center"><b><font face="Verdana" size="5" color="#0000FF">Coping
With Disaster</font></b></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">If a disaster or state of emergency ever takes
place in Boston, much will be asked of city residents as officials attempt to
manage the situation. Participation by the residents in the recovery effort
will be crucial and will require that people be aware of and deal with the
stress of an emergency situation. The following information is meant as an
overview of what is known as traumatic stress � a normal response that can occur
in individuals during time of great stress.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Turn on the evening news or pick-up the morning
paper and sometimes it�s easy to think that disasters or emergencies only affect
�someone else�. The truth is that when terrible things happen in our
neighborhood, even if it doesn�t affect us personally, it can have a deep
influence on us all. Living in a constant state of fear, worry, and anger can
have damaging effects and also lead to traumatic stress.</font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Traumatic stress is a response anyone can have
when faced with an extraordinary event that threatens a person�s felling of
safety. When this response fails to go away, it is commonly referred to as
post-traumatic stress disorder.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">A traumatic event can have an impact on everyone
at some level. A negative impact can occur when a person experiences the trauma
directly, or when a person witnesses the trauma happening to another. For
example, some people, including children, were affected by the constant airing
on TV of the collapse of the Twin Towers after the attacks of September 11<sup>th</sup>.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
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<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">There is a wide range of responses � some small,
some severe � that can occur in response to a traumatic event. Reactions can
occur shortly after an event, but also can occur weeks, even months later.
Traumatic stress reactions can change a person�s behavior, thoughts, and
physical health. The following is a list of some common reactions that can
occur in children, adolescents, and adults.</font></p>
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<h1 style="margin:1 5; "><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099"><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Physical and Behavioral Changes</font><!--mstheme--></font></h1>
<!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--><table style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Headaches, stomachaches</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Easily startled</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
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<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Drug
and alcohol abuse</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Problems at work or school</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--></table><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<h1 style="margin:1 5; "><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099"><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Emotional Changes</font><!--mstheme--></font></h1>
<!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--><table style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
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<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Sadness, depression</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Irritable, short-tempered, angry</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Feeling overwhelmed, disconnected, numb</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--></table><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<h1 style="margin:1 5; "><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099"><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Changes in Thoughts</font><!--mstheme--></font></h1>
<!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--><table style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Not
feeling safe</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Difficulty concentrating</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Lack
of motivation</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Flashbacks: re-experiencing the event as if it was happening again</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--></table><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">There is no specific timeline in which these
reactions will go away. They often do get better over time. If you find
yourself or your child experiencing difficulties that get in the way of school,
work or family life, ask for help. Seek help from family, clergy, or your
health care provider.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Key points about traumatic stress:</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--><table style="margin-top: 0in; margin-bottom: 0in" type="disc" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%">
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Traumatic stress reactions happen to healthy, strong people � they are not
signs of weakness.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">
Traumatic stress reactions are normal reactions to an extraordinary event.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">When
explaining bad events to children, provide accurate information. Children
often have misunderstandings or misinformation that you can correct.
Teenagers often pretend that things don�t bother them so it is important to
reach out to them.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Talk
about your feelings. Connection with friends, family and spiritual leaders
can offer support and help relieve stress.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--><tr><td valign="baseline" width="42"><img src="../_themes/copy-of-blends/blebul1a.gif" width="15" height="15" hspace="13" alt="bullet"></td><td valign="top" width="100%"><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p style="margin:1 5; "><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Take
positive actions to gain a sense of control. Do things that have a positive
effect on your life, the lives of others, and your community.</font><!--mstheme--></font><!--msthemelist--></td></tr>
<!--msthemelist--></table><!--mstheme--><font face="Trebuchet MS, Arial, Helvetica">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">For more information on coping with traumatic
stress, contact the Boston Public Health Commission at 617-534-2279.</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Web Resources:</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">The American Psychological Association Help Center</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">
<a style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single; font-weight:700" target="_blank" href="http://www.helping.apa.org/">
http://www.helping.apa.org/</a></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">Center for Disease Control � Traumatic Stress</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/unp-trinstrs.html" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single; font-weight:700">
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/unp-trinstrs.html</a></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">National Institute of Mental Health � Response to
Terrorism</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">
<a href="http://www.nimh.nih.gov/outline/responseterrorism.cfm" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline; text-underline: single; font-weight:700">
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/outline/responseterrorism.cfm</a></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
<h1 style="margin:1 5; "><!--mstheme--><font color="#330099"><font face="Verdana" size="2" color="#000000">Other
Resources</font><!--mstheme--></font></h1>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2"> </font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">Massachusetts Counseling
Network�����������.800-724-8443</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">American Psychological Association�s Referral
Line����..800-964-2000</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">The National Mental Health
Association���������..800-969-6642</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">The National Mental Health Awareness
Campaign�����..877-495-0009</font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:1 5; ">
<font face="Verdana" size="2">The Office of Victims of Crime
Hotline���������...800-331-0075</font></p>
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