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<TITLE>ABTECH Scientific, Inc., - PITOES</TITLE>
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<P><A NAME="top"></A></P>
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><B><FONT SIZE=4>PLANAR ITO ELECTRODES (PITOEs)
</FONT></B><FONT SIZE=4><IMG SRC="gifs/LOGOSCN2.gif" WIDTH=100
HEIGHT=50 ALIGN=bottom></FONT><B><FONT SIZE=4> </FONT></B></P>
<H3><FONT SIZE=2><IMG SRC="gifs/rainbowl.gif" WIDTH=485 HEIGHT=3
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight ALIGN=bottom></FONT></H3>
<P><FONT SIZE=5><A HREF="picts/Pme1.JPG"><IMG SRC="picts/Pme1s.jpg"
WIDTH=100 HEIGHT=75 X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight BORDER=1
ALIGN=bottom></A></FONT></P>
<P><I><FONT SIZE=4>For organosilane chemistry, bio-immobilizations,
cell immobilizations</FONT></I><FONT SIZE=4><BR>
</FONT><TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=1 WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD width=520>
<P><B>PITOE (borosilicate glass, one side coated, 10
ohms/sq)</B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>1 - 4</B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>5 - 9</B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>10 +</B>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>PITOE 118 (1.0 cm x 1.8 cm x 0.05 cm)
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>6 pieces / 55.00
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>6 pieces / 49.50
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>6 pieces / 44.00
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>PITOE 118-P (1.0 cm x 1.0 cm x 0.05 cm)
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>27.00 each
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>24.30 each
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>21.60 each
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>PITOE 218 (2.0 cm x 1.8 cm x 0.05 cm)
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 pieces / 55.00
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 pieces / 49.50
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>6 pieces / 44.00
</TD></TR>
</TABLE></P>
<P><I><FONT SIZE=4>For optical spectroscopy and
spectroelectrochemistry - Fits standatrd 1.0 cm
cuvette.</FONT></I><FONT SIZE=4><BR>
</FONT><TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=1 WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD width=520>
<P><B>PITOE (borosilicate glass, one side coated, 10
ohms/sq)</B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>1 - 4</B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>5 - 9</B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>10 +</B>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>PITOE 150 (0.9 cm x 5.0 cm x 0.05 cm )
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>6 pieces / 72.00
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>6 pieces / 64.80
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>6 pieces / 57.60
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>PITOE 150-P (0.9 cm x 5.0 cm x 0.05 cm )
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>30.00 each
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>27.40 each
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>24.00 each
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P>PITOE 250 (2.0 cm x 5.0 cm x 0.05 cm )
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 pieces / 72.00
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 pieces / 68.40
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 pieces / 57.60
</TD></TR>
</TABLE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=1 WIDTH="100%" HEIGHT=30
colspec="L12 L12 L12 L12 L12 L12 L12 L12">
<TR>
<TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#introduction">Introduction
and Background</A></FONT>
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#applications">Applications
of PMEs</A></FONT>
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#specifications">Technical
Specifications</A></FONT>
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#accessories">PME
Accessories</A></FONT>
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#methods">Methods</A></FONT>
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="#appnotes">Application
Notes</A></FONT>
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="pricelist.html">Price
List</A></FONT>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE></P>
<H3><HR><IMG SRC="gifs/tbullet.gif" WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight
ALIGN=bottom><A NAME="introduction"></A> Introduction and Background
</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE><P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> Planar
ITO Electrodes (PITOEs) are highly uniform thin films of conductive
indium-tin oxide formed on highly insulating borosilicate glass
substrate plates. These plates are precision diced to produce
functional electrodes. The substrate is a very smooth (60/40 scratch
and dig finish), chemicaly resistant and non-leaching, electronics
grade borosilicate glass.</P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> The tremendous
advantage in the use of ITO as a conductor is of course its high
transmittance to visible light.</P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> PITOEs have plate
dimensions of 0.9 cm (w) x 5.0 cm (l) x 0.05 cm (t)
(<B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">PITOE 150</FONT></B>) or 2.0 cm (w) x 5.0
cm (l) x 0.05 cm (t) (<B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">PITOE 250</FONT></B>).
The PITOE 150 fits into a standard 1.0 cm path length cuvette for
spectroelectrochemistry and is also available as a packaged electrode
with an epoxy pin-out header (<B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">PITOE
150-P</FONT></B>).</P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> Planar ITO Electrodes
(PITOEs) may be obtained in custom dimensions to meet your unique
research needs. Consult your Applications Development professional.
</P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> Planar ITO Electrodes
(PITOEs) may also be obtained with custom surface chemistries to meet
your unique research needs. Consult your Applications Development
professional.</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><A HREF="#top">Back to Index</A></P>
<H3><HR><IMG SRC="gifs/tbullet.gif" WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight
ALIGN=bottom><A NAME="applications"></A> Applications of PITOEs</H3>
<P>Applications of PITOEs in research and product development
include:</P>
<UL>
<B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B>
<B>Electropolymerization of Electroactive Polymers: </B>Planar
ITOE plates may be conveniently used to electrodeposit ultrathin
films of electropolymerized polymers, such as polythiophene,
polypyrrole and polyaniline. The electrodeposited films could than
be directly studied by electroanalytical techniques, by high
vacuum analysis techniques, by spectroscopic ellipsometry, and by
grazing angle FTIR and by transmission VIS spectroscopy.
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> <B>Spectroscopy of
Thin Polymer Films:</B> Polymer thin film characterization
techniques such as ellipsometry, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE),
Grazing Incidence FTIR, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) require a uniformly smooth surface
that is conveniently provided by these PMEs.</P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> <B>Surface
Modification and Derivatization:</B> Schemes for the specific
immobilization of bioactive, catalytic and other molecular
recognition / discrimination agents used in chemical and biosensor
devices may be developed on these transmissive plates.</P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B> <B>Optical
Devices:</B> Planar ITO electrodes as the basis for a wide range
of optical display devices. Such devices may be based on the use
of liquid crystals or electrochromic materials.</P>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø</FONT></B>
<B>Spectroelectrochemistry - Electrodes in Electroanalytical
Chemistry: </B>Planar ITO electrodes may be used as large area
planar eletrodes in various electroanalytical techniques and in
fundamental electrochemistry.</P>
</UL>
<P><A HREF="#top">Back to Index</A></P>
<H3><HR><IMG SRC="gifs/tbullet.gif" WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight
ALIGN=bottom><A NAME="specifications"></A> Technical Specifications
for PITOEs (Planar Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes)</H3>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø </FONT>Chip Substrate: Schott
D263 Borosilicate Glass</B></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><P>Dielectric Constant, Epsilon(r) at 1 MHz = 6.7</P>
<P>Dielectric Loss Angle, tan delta, at 1 MHz = 61 x 10<SUP>-4</SUP>
</P>
<P>Electrical Resistivity (50 Hz) (250 C) = 1.6 x 10<SUP>8</SUP> ohm
cm</P>
<P>Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion, * 20 - 300 = 7.2 x
10<SUP>-6</SUP> K<SUP>-1</SUP></P>
<P>Refractive Index at 20 C, ne ( Lambda = 546.1 nm) = 1.5249</P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø </FONT>Indium Tin Oxide
Coating</B></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><P>Resistivity: < 20 ohms / square</P>
<P>Transmission: > 83 %</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø </FONT>Packaging (for PITOE
118-P and PITOE 150-P only):</B></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><P>Encapsulant : Epoxy header.</P>
<P>Pin-out connector: gold</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> <A HREF="#top">Back to Index</A></P>
<H3><HR><IMG SRC="gifs/tbullet.gif" WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight
ALIGN=bottom><A NAME="accessories"></A> PITOE Accessories (Planar
Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes)</H3>
<P><TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=1 WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TD width=520>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>PITOE TEST CLIP</B></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Test Clip</B></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><A HREF="gifs/IMESTC.gif"><IMG
SRC="gifs/IMESTCs.JPG" WIDTH=54 HEIGHT=72
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight BORDER=1
ALIGN=bottom></A></B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>ADAPTER</B></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><A HREF="gifs/STCA-1-R.gif"><IMG
SRC="gifs/STCA-1-Rs.JPG" WIDTH=65 HEIGHT=72
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight BORDER=1
ALIGN=bottom></A></B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>ADAPTER</B></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><A HREF="gifs/STCA-2-P.gif"><IMG
SRC="gifs/STCA-2-Ps.JPG" WIDTH=65 HEIGHT=72
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight BORDER=1
ALIGN=bottom></A></B>
</TD><TD width=40 align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>ADAPTER</B></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><A HREF="gifs/STCA-3-B.gif"><IMG
SRC="gifs/STCA-3-Bs.JPG" WIDTH=76 HEIGHT=72
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight BORDER=1
ALIGN=bottom></A></B>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P><B>Lead Length </B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>N/A
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>30 cm
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>12 cm
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>1 meter
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P><B>Connector Type</B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Gold Plated Pins
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Gold Plated Pins
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Gold Plated Pins
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Banana Plugs
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P><B>Number of Conductors </B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 + shield
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 + shield
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>4 + shield
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P><B>Lead</B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>N/A
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Rigid Rod
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Flexible
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>Flexible
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P><B>Part No.</B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#00AF00">STC</FONT></B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#00AF00">STCA-1-R</FONT></B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#00AF00">STCA-2-P</FONT></B>
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#00AF00">STCA-3-B</FONT></B>
</TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<P><B>Price ($ US)</B>
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>$ 13.50
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>$ 48.00
</TD><TD align="CENTER">
<P ALIGN=CENTER>$ 48.00
</TD><TD>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>$ 48.00
</TD></TR>
</TABLE></P>
<P> <A HREF="#top">Back to Index</A></P>
<H3><HR><IMG SRC="gifs/tbullet.gif" WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight
ALIGN=bottom><A NAME="methods"></A> Methods</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE><P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø </FONT></B>Films or
coatings may be applied to the PITOE chip by dip coating, spin
casting, spray painting, air-brushing, brush painting, by
Langmuir-Blodgett thin film deposition technique, by
electropolymerization, and by molecular self assembly using organo
silane chemistry.</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P> <A HREF="#top">Back to Index</A></P>
<H3><HR><IMG SRC="gifs/tbullet.gif" WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12
X-SAS-UseImageWidth X-SAS-UseImageHeight
ALIGN=bottom><A NAME="appnotes"></A> Application Notes</H3>
<P>For further information, request Application Notes or you may
<A HREF="files.html">download application note files</A>:</P>
<BLOCKQUOTE><P><B><FONT COLOR="#00AF00">Ø </FONT></B>Care and
Cleaning Procedures</P></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>Planar Indum Tin Oxide Electrode (PITOE <SUP>TM</SUP>) is the
tradename for a family of macro-electrodes developed by ABTECH.</P>
<P> <A HREF="#top">Back to Index</A></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><B>Contact: </B>Ann M. Wilson<FONT SIZE=2>,
</FONT><I><FONT SIZE=2> Manager, Applications
Development</FONT></I><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
ABTECH Scientific, Inc.<BR>
P.O. Box 376, Yardley, PA 19067-8376<BR>
Telephone Number: +1-215-321-3256 Fax Number: +1-215-321-7099<BR>
e-mail: </FONT><I><FONT SIZE=2>
</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="mailto: [email protected]">[email protected]</A></FONT></I><FONT SIZE=2><BR>
<HR></FONT><STRONG><EM><FONT SIZE=2>Last Revision
</FONT></EM></STRONG><FONT SIZE=2>04/24/98<BR>
</FONT><I><FONT SIZE=2>© 1995-98 ABTECH Scientific, Inc.
</FONT></I><STRONG><EM><FONT SIZE=2>You may send questions/comments
to
</FONT><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</A></FONT></EM></STRONG><I><FONT SIZE=2>.</FONT></I>
</P>
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