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<TITLE>ABTECH Scientific, Inc. - FLOW CELLS</TITLE>
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<META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="Advanced Biosensor Technology - chemical and biological sensor devices, instruments, and systems.">
<META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="bioelectronics, biosensors, immunosensors, enzyme sensors, sensors, biochip, biochips, cancer, brain tumor, diagnostics, DNA, chips, arrays, microarrays, mems, biomems, enzymes, antibodies, molecular electronics">
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<TABLE WIDTH=650 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0 STYLE="page-break-before: always">
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<TR>
<TD WIDTH=100% >
<P ALIGN=left class="style1">GAS/VAPOR and LIQUID FLOW
CELLS </P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=100% >
<P ALIGN=RIGHT><BR>
</P>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH=650 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0>
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<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style2"><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="gifs\fcd2.jpg"><SPAN STYLE="background: transparent"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration: none"><FONT COLOR="#808080">Flow
Cell Schematic Exploded View</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A></FONT></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style2"><FONT COLOR="#808080"><A HREF="picts/flowcell.JPG"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="picts/flowcell.JPG" NAME="Graphic2" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=106 HEIGHT=70 BORDER=1></FONT></A></FONT></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style2"><FONT COLOR="#808080"><FONT SIZE=2><A HREF="gifs\fcd1.jpg"><SPAN STYLE="background: transparent"><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration: none"><FONT COLOR="#808080">Flow
Cell Schematic<BR>
Compact View</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A></FONT></FONT></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style2"><FONT COLOR="#808080"><A HREF="picts/fcs1.jpg"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="picts/fcs1.jpg" NAME="Graphic6" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=33 HEIGHT=70 BORDER=1></FONT></A></FONT></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=15%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style2"><FONT COLOR="#808080"><A HREF="picts/gasvapcl.JPG"><FONT COLOR="#000000"><IMG SRC="picts/gasvapcl.JPG" NAME="Graphic5" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=103 HEIGHT=74 BORDER=1></FONT></A></FONT></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=22%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><BR>
</P> </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH=650 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=3 CELLSPACING=0>
<COL WIDTH=90*>
<COL WIDTH=70*>
<COL WIDTH=33*>
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<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style3">Flow
Cell Products</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style3">Line
and Space, Digit Length</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style3">Designs</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#cccccc">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style3">Conductor</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<BLOCKQUOTE class="style3">Liquid
Flow Cell Detector (FCD) </BLOCKQUOTE> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<P class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">FCD
1010.3-FD Flow Cell Detector</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10
microns, 3 mm long</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10 bands</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">Au, Pt</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<P class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">IME
1010.3-FD-Au or Pt Flow Cell Sensor (refill sensor for Flow Cell
Detector, FCD)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10
microns, 3 mm long</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10 bands</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">Au, Pt</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<BLOCKQUOTE class="style4"><B>Controlled
Environment Cell (CEC) </B> </BLOCKQUOTE> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<P class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">CEC
1010.3-FD Controlled Environment Cell </P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10
microns, 3 mm long</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10 bands</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">Au, Pt</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<P class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">IME
1010.3-FD-Au or Pt Flow Cell Sensor (refill sensor chip for
Controlled Environment Cell, CEC) </P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10
microns, 3 mm long</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10 bands</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">Au, Pt</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<P class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">CEC
1050.5-FD Controlled Environment Cell </P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10
microns, 5 mm long</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">50 bands</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">Au, Pt</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=35% BGCOLOR="#e2ebf3">
<P class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">IME
1050.5-FD-Au or Pt Flow Cell Sensor (refill sensor chip for
Controlled Environment Cell, CEC) </P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=27% BGCOLOR="#eeded9">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">10
microns, 5 mm long</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=13% BGCOLOR="#f0f0f0">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">50 bands</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=25% BGCOLOR="#f2e4ca">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">Au, Pt</P> </TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<TABLE WIDTH=650 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=2 CELLSPACING=0>
<COL WIDTH=46*>
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<COL WIDTH=37*>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=18% HEIGHT=20>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="#introduction"><FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">Introduction
and Background</FONT></FONT></A></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=17%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="#applications"><FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">Applications
of FCDs and CECs</FONT></FONT></A></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=17%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="#specifications"><FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">Technical
Specifications</FONT></FONT></A></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=14%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><IMG SRC="gifs/pdficonsmall.gif" NAME="Graphic23" ALT="pdficonsmall.gif (153 bytes)" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=17 HEIGHT=19 BORDER=0><A HREF="pdfs\fcdbro04.pdf"><FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">Download
PDF Brochure</FONT></FONT></A></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=12%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="pricelist.html#vfcs"><FONT SIZE=1>Price
List</FONT></A></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=7%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="#methods"><FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">Methods</FONT></FONT></A></P>
</TD>
<TD WIDTH=15%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER><A HREF="#appnotes"><FONT SIZE=1><FONT FACE="Times New Roman, serif">Application
Notes</FONT></FONT></A></P>
</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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<H3 class="style4"><A NAME="introduction"></A><IMG SRC="tbullet.gif" NAME="Graphic7" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12 BORDER=0>
Introduction and Background</H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE class="style4">
<div align="justify"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø</FONT>
The Controlled Environment Cell</B> is used in the development of
electronic noses, the study of polymer-vapor interactions by
impedance and dielectric spectroscopies, and as a volatile
organic compound (VOC) sensor. The Controlled Environment Cell is
used for performing AC electrical impedance and DC conductance
experiments under controlled gas/vapor environment conditions.
The design is similar to that used in the laboratory of Prof.
Mark Wrighton to study the electrical impedance changes in
electropolymerized polyaniline films upon exposure to varying
humidities. This design has also been used by scientists at ICI
Chemicals to study acid-base interactions (by electrical
impedance spectroscopy (0.1 mHz - 60 KHz)) of various probe
vapors (water, acetone, chloroform, methanol) with ultra thin
polymer coatings.</div>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<div align="justify">
<BLOCKQUOTE class="style4"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø
</FONT>The Liquid Flow Cell Detector (FCD) </B>is used as an
electrochemical detector (ECD) in Liquid Chromatography (LC) and
Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) applications. The interdigitated
electrode format of the flow cell sensor chip allows use of the
ECD in amperometric generator-collector mode or electrochemical
impedance mode. Both modes offer very high selectivity based on
the redox properties of the analyte to be measured and very high
sensitivity -- down to picogram levels for its limit of
detection. A wide variety of ionic and non-ionic compounds may be
readily detected by ECD, thus making ECD a highly versatile
detection technique. Similarly, conductance detection is integral
to Ion Chromatography (IC) and Flow Injection Analysis (FIA)
where conductance changes in the range from 0.1 S to 10 mS may be
readily measured usiung the Flow Cell Detector.</BLOCKQUOTE>
<BLOCKQUOTE class="style4"><A HREF="#top"><FONT face-arial>Back to top</FONT></A></BLOCKQUOTE>
</div>
<HR align="JUSTIFY">
<H3 align="justify" class="style4"><A NAME="applications"></A><IMG SRC="tbullet.gif" NAME="Graphic8" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12 BORDER=0>
Applications of FCDs</H3>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.19in"><U>Applications
of the FCD in research and product development include:</U></P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.38in; margin-bottom: 0in">Electrochemical
detection may be used in ultra-trace level biochemical analyses,
in the analysis of various pharmaceutical compounds, in the
detection and monitoring of environmental pollutants, and in
"at-line" chemical and biological process monitoring.
Conductance measurements may be used in Ion Chromatography. The
IME 1010.3 FD LC sensor is also used in materials science
research of electroactive polymer films. Polymer films that are
spun cast, electropolymerized, or coated onto the LC sensor may
be analyzed by AC Impedance, DC pulse amperometry, or by using
the EPSIS (The Electroactive Polymer Sensor Interrogation System)
in a flowing stream. Changes in electrical impedance or
conductivity of the film could then be monitored in response to
various ionic analytes, or redox active analytes. </P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.38in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
</P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.38in; margin-bottom: 0in">A
further facility provided by the IME 1010.3 FD LC is the relative
ease with which the sensor may be chemically modified and
functionalized for the specific attachment or immobilization of
bioactive molecules. The digits may be modified by platinization,
amalgam formation, alkane thiols, or by electropolymerization of
electroactive polymers. The interdigit space may likewise be
modified using well established silane chemistries and
derivatized by immobilized enzyme, antibodies, or enzyme-linked
antibodies.</P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.38in; margin-bottom: 0in"><BR>
</P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.38in">The
IME 1010.3 FD LC Sensor from ABTECH Scientific, is one more
innovation in the application of combined electrochemical
detection and conductance measurement to analytical problems in
science and industry. The precisely microfabricated digits of
gold or platinum replaces the familiar carbon paste and bulk
metal disc electrodes in LC detection.</P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.21in; font-weight: medium"><U>Interrogation
Methods</U></P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.38in">The
IME 1010.3 FD LC sensor may be operated by Pulsed Amperometry or
Cyclic Voltammetry. In addition, the very close electrode
separation (10 m.) and the long centerline meander length (ca. 57
cm) allows the use of AC Impedance and Discontinuous Small
Amplitude Pulse (EPSIS) analytical methodologies.</P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.38in"><A HREF="#top"><FONT face-arial>Back
to top</FONT></A></P>
<HR align="JUSTIFY">
<P align="justify" class="style4"><A NAME="specifications"></A><IMG SRC="tbullet.gif" NAME="Graphic9" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12 BORDER=0>
<B>Technical
Specifications </B> </P>
<P align="justify" class="style4" STYLE="margin-left: 0.2in">Four
(4) separate working electrodes are microfabricated on the single
LC Sensor Chip. These working electrodes are combined into two
(one pair of electrodes each) interdigitated microsensor array
electrodes (IMEs or IDAs). Each IME pair consists of 10 opposing
digits (lines) with each digit being 10 m wide and 2,990 m long.
Opposing digits are separated by a 10 m space. This produces a
centerline or serpentine length that is ca. 57 cm long.</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN=7 WIDTH=4% VALIGN=TOP><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD WIDTH=19%>
<P class="style4"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø
</FONT>Chip Substrate:</B></P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=38%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4"><B>Schott D263
Borosilicate Glass</B></P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 WIDTH=33%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD ROWSPAN=7 COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=6% VALIGN=TOP><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=19%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=38%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Dielectric
Constant, Epsilon(r) at 1 MHz</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 WIDTH=33%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">6.7</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=19%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=38%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Dielectric Loss
Angle, tan delta, at 1 MHz</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 WIDTH=33%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">61 x 10-4</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=19%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=38%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Electrical
Resistivity (50 Hz) (250 C) </P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 WIDTH=33%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">1.6 x 108 ohm cm</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=19%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=38%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Coefficient of
Linear Thermal Expansion, * 20-300 Deg C</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 WIDTH=33%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">7.2 x 10^-6 K^-1</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=19%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=38%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Refractive Index
at 20 C, ne ( Lambda = 546.1 nm)</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 WIDTH=33%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">1.5249</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=19%>
<P class="style4"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø
</FONT>Metallization: </B> </P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=38%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4"><B>100 Å
Ti|W / 1000 Å Au or Pt and ITO = 10 Ohms/sq</B></P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=4 WIDTH=33%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD ROWSPAN=19 WIDTH=4% VALIGN=TOP><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=23>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD ROWSPAN=19 WIDTH=6% VALIGN=TOP><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø</FONT></B>
<B>IME SENSOR</B></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="1010.3" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><B>1010.3</B></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="1050.5" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><B>1050.5</B></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Digit length, d,
(microns)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="2990" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">2990</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="4990" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">4990</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">No. of digit
pairs per sensor, N</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="10" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">10</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="50" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">50</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Digit Width, a,
(microns)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="10" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">10</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="10" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">10</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Interdigit Space,
a, (microns)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="10" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">10</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="10" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">10</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Spatial
Periodicity, l lambda,
(microns)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="40" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">40</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="40" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">40</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Zaretsky Meander
Length, M, (cm)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="2.99" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">2.99</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">24.95</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Center Line or
Serpentine Length (cm)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="5.72" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">5.72</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="49.6" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">49.6</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P class="style4">Cell Constant (cm<SUP>-1</SUP>)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="0.33" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">0.33</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16% SDVAL="0.04" SDNUM="1033;">
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4" STYLE="font-weight: medium">0.04</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P class="style4">Electrode Area; each bus
(cm<SUP>-2</SUP>)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">3.03
x 10<SUP>-3</SUP></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">2.50
x10<SUP>-2</SUP></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P class="style4">Total Electrode Area; all
busses (cm<SUP>-2</SUP>)</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">1.21
x10<SUP>-2</SUP></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">9.98
x10<SUP>-2</SUP></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P class="style4"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø</FONT></B>
<B>IME Chip Dimensions (l x w x t cm)</B></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><B>Un-packaged
Die</B></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">3.10 x 1.00 x
0.05 cm </P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">2.00 x 1.00 x
0.05 cm</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><BR>
</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4"><B>Packaged Die</B></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">4.20 x 1.25 x
0.55 cm</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=16%>
<P ALIGN=CENTER class="style4">3.10 x 1.25 x
0.55 cm</P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=1%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20% HEIGHT=20>
<P class="style4"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø
</FONT>Packaging</B></P> </TD>
<TD WIDTH=37%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
<TD COLSPAN=5 WIDTH=33%><span class="style5"></span></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4">Electrode Body:</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=6 WIDTH=71%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">PVC-Jacketed
printed circuit board</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4">Encapsulant:</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=6 WIDTH=71%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Epoxy header.
Silicon nitride packaged chip.</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=2 WIDTH=20%>
<P class="style4">Leadwires:</P> </TD>
<TD COLSPAN=6 WIDTH=71%>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style4">Gold plated pins</P> </TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD COLSPAN=10 WIDTH=100%>
<BLOCKQUOTE><A HREF="#top"><FONT face-arial SIZE=-1>Back to top</FONT></A></BLOCKQUOTE> </TD>
</TR>
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<TABLE WIDTH=650 BORDER=0 CELLPADDING=0 CELLSPACING=0>
<COL WIDTH=256*>
<TR>
<TD WIDTH=100%>
<H3><A NAME="methods"></A><IMG SRC="tbullet.gif" NAME="Graphic13" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12 BORDER=0>
<FONT SIZE=2><FONT FACE="arial">Methods</FONT></FONT></H3>
<BLOCKQUOTE><span class="style2"><span class="style5"><B><FONT COLOR="#00af00">Ø
</FONT></B>Films or coatings may be applied to the IME device by
dip coating, spin casting, spray painting, air-brushing, brush
painting, by Langmuir-Blodgett thin film deposition technique, by
electropolymerization, and by molecular self assembly.</span></span></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P ALIGN=LEFT class="style5" STYLE="margin-left: 0.42in"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><A HREF="#top"><FONT face-arial>Back
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<P ALIGN=LEFT><A NAME="appnotes"></A><IMG SRC="tbullet.gif" NAME="Graphic14" ALIGN=BOTTOM WIDTH=12 HEIGHT=12 BORDER=0>
<span class="style4"><B>Application
Notes </B> </span></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE class="style4">For further information, request
Application Notes or you may <A HREF="files.html">download
application note files</A>:</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P class="style2" STYLE="margin-left: 0.4in"><span style="font-size: 12px"><A HREF="#top"><FONT face-arial>Back to
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