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  <section id="using-the-tiff-library">
<h1>Using The TIFF Library<a class="headerlink" href="#using-the-tiff-library" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="_images/cat.gif"><img alt="cat" src="_images/cat.gif" style="width: 113px;" /></a>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> is a set of C functions (a library) that support
the manipulation of TIFF image files.
The library requires an ANSI C compilation environment for building
and presumes an ANSI C environment for use.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code>
provides interfaces to image data at several layers of abstraction (and cost).
At the highest level image data can be read into an 8-bit/sample,
ABGR pixel raster format without regard for the underlying data organization,
colorspace, or compression scheme.  Below this high-level interface
the library provides scanline-, strip-, and tile-oriented interfaces that
return data decompressed but otherwise untransformed.  These interfaces
require that the application first identify the organization of stored
data and select either a strip-based or tile-based API for manipulating
data.  At the lowest level the library
provides access to the raw uncompressed strips or tiles,
returning the data exactly as it appears in the file.</p>
<p>The material presented in this chapter is a basic introduction
to the capabilities of the library; it is not an attempt to describe
everything a developer needs to know about the library or about TIFF.
Detailed information on the interfaces to the library are given in
the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html"><span class="doc">TIFF Functions Overview</span></a> that accompany this software.
An alphabetic list of all the public functions with a brief description can be found at <a class="reference internal" href="functions/libtiff.html#list-of-routines"><span class="std std-ref">List of routines</span></a></p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>The following hyperlink does no more work, at least no libtiff introduction:</p>
<p>Michael Still has also written a useful introduction to libtiff for the
IBM DeveloperWorks site available at
<a class="reference external" href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-libtiff">http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/l-libtiff</a>.</p>
</div>
<section id="how-to-tell-which-version-you-have">
<h2>How to tell which version you have<a class="headerlink" href="#how-to-tell-which-version-you-have" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The software version can be found by looking at the file named
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">VERSION</span></code>
that is located at the top of the source tree; the precise alpha number
is given in the file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">dist/tiff.alpha</span></code>.
If you have need to refer to this
specific software, you should identify it as:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">TIFF</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">version</span><span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="n">alpha</span><span class="o">&gt;</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>where <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;version&gt;</span></code> is whatever you get from
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cat</span> <span class="pre">VERSION</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;alpha&gt;</span></code> is
what you get from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cat</span> <span class="pre">dist/tiff.alpha</span></code>.</p>
<p>Within an application that uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> the <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFquery.html#c.TIFFGetVersion" title="TIFFGetVersion"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFGetVersion()</span></code></a>
routine will return a pointer to a string that contains software version
information.
The library include file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&lt;tiffio.h&gt;</span></code> contains a C pre-processor
define <code class="xref c c-macro docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFLIB_VERSION</span></code> that can be used to check library
version compatibility at compile time.</p>
</section>
<section id="library-datatypes">
<h2>Library Datatypes<a class="headerlink" href="#library-datatypes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> defines a portable programming interface through the
use of a set of C type definitions.
These definitions, defined in in the files <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tiff.h</span></code> and
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tiffio.h</span></code>,
isolate the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> API from the characteristics
of the underlying machine.
To insure portable code and correct operation, applications that use
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> should use the typedefs and follow the function
prototypes for the library API.</p>
</section>
<section id="memory-management">
<h2>Memory Management<a class="headerlink" href="#memory-management" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> uses a machine-specific set of routines for managing
dynamically allocated memory.
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFmalloc" title="_TIFFmalloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFmalloc()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFrealloc" title="_TIFFrealloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFrealloc()</span></code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFfree" title="_TIFFfree"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFfree()</span></code></a>
mimic the normal ANSI C routines.
Any dynamically allocated memory that is to be passed into the library
should be allocated using these interfaces in order to insure pointer
compatibility on machines with a segmented architecture.
(On 32-bit UNIX systems these routines just call the normal <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">malloc()</span></code>,
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">realloc()</span></code>, and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">free()</span></code> routines in the C library.)</p>
<p>To deal with segmented pointer issues <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> also provides
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFmemcpy" title="_TIFFmemcpy"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFmemcpy()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFmemset" title="_TIFFmemset"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFmemset()</span></code></a>, and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFmemmove()</span></code>
routines that mimic the equivalent ANSI C routines, but that are
intended for use with memory allocated through <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFmalloc" title="_TIFFmalloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFmalloc()</span></code></a>
and <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFrealloc" title="_TIFFrealloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFrealloc()</span></code></a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="error-handling">
<h2>Error Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#error-handling" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> handles most errors by returning an invalid/erroneous
value when returning from a function call.
Various diagnostic messages may also be generated by the library.
All error messages are directed to a single global error handler
routine that can be specified with a call to <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFError.html#c.TIFFSetErrorHandler" title="TIFFSetErrorHandler"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFSetErrorHandler()</span></code></a>.
Likewise warning messages are directed to a single handler routine
that can be specified with a call to <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFWarning.html#c.TIFFSetWarningHandler" title="TIFFSetWarningHandler"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFSetWarningHandler()</span></code></a></p>
</section>
<section id="basic-file-handling">
<h2>Basic File Handling<a class="headerlink" href="#basic-file-handling" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The library is modeled after the normal UNIX stdio library.
For example, to read from an existing TIFF image the
file must first be opened:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;foo.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="cm">/* ... do stuff ... */</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The handle returned by <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFOpen.html#c.TIFFOpen" title="TIFFOpen"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFOpen()</span></code></a> is <em>opaque</em>, that is
the application is not permitted to know about its contents.
All subsequent library calls for this file must pass the handle
as an argument.</p>
<p>To create or overwrite a TIFF image the file is also opened, but with
a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&quot;w&quot;</span></code> argument:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;foo.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;w&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stuff</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the file already exists it is first truncated to zero length.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>Unlike the stdio library TIFF image files may not be
opened for both reading and writing;
there is no support for altering the contents of a TIFF file.</p>
</div>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> buffers much information associated with writing a
valid TIFF image.  Consequently, when writing a TIFF image it is necessary
to always call <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFClose.html#c.TIFFClose" title="TIFFClose"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFClose()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFFlush.html#c.TIFFFlush" title="TIFFFlush"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFFlush()</span></code></a> to flush any
buffered information to a file.  Note that if you call <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFClose.html#c.TIFFClose" title="TIFFClose"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFClose()</span></code></a>
you do not need to call <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFFlush.html#c.TIFFFlush" title="TIFFFlush"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFFlush()</span></code></a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="tiff-directories">
<h2>TIFF Directories<a class="headerlink" href="#tiff-directories" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>TIFF supports the storage of multiple images in a single file.
Each image has an associated data structure termed a <em>directory</em>
that houses all the information about the format and content of the
image data.
Images in a file are usually related but they do not need to be; it
is perfectly alright to store a color image together with a black and
white image.
Note however that while images may be related their directories are
not.
That is, each directory stands on its own; there is no need to read
an unrelated directory in order to properly interpret the contents
of an image.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> provides several routines for reading and writing
directories.  In normal use there is no need to explicitly
read or write a directory: the library automatically reads the first
directory in a file when opened for reading, and directory information
to be written is automatically accumulated and written when writing
(assuming <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFClose.html#c.TIFFClose" title="TIFFClose"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFClose()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFFlush.html#c.TIFFFlush" title="TIFFFlush"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFFlush()</span></code></a> are called).</p>
<p>For a file open for reading the <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFSetDirectory.html#c.TIFFSetDirectory" title="TIFFSetDirectory"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFSetDirectory()</span></code></a> routine can
be used to select an arbitrary directory; directories are referenced by
number with the numbering starting at 0.  Otherwise the
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadDirectory.html#c.TIFFReadDirectory" title="TIFFReadDirectory"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadDirectory()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFWriteDirectory.html#c.TIFFWriteDirectory" title="TIFFWriteDirectory"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFWriteDirectory()</span></code></a> routines can
be used for sequential access to directories.
For example, to count the number of directories in a file the following
code might be used:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dircount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">do</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">dircount</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">while</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFReadDirectory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;%d directories in %s</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dircount</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Finally, note that there are several routines for querying the
directory status of an open file:
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFquery.html#c.TIFFCurrentDirectory" title="TIFFCurrentDirectory"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFCurrentDirectory()</span></code></a> returns the index of the current
directory and
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFquery.html#c.TIFFLastDirectory" title="TIFFLastDirectory"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFLastDirectory()</span></code></a> returns an indication of whether the
current directory is the last directory in a file.
There is also a routine, <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFPrintDirectory.html#c.TIFFPrintDirectory" title="TIFFPrintDirectory"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFPrintDirectory()</span></code></a>, that can
be called to print a formatted description of the contents of
the current directory; consult the manual page for complete details.</p>
</section>
<section id="tiff-tags">
<h2>TIFF Tags<a class="headerlink" href="#tiff-tags" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Image-related information such as the image width and height, number
of samples, orientation, colorimetric information, etc.
are stored in each image
directory in <em>fields</em> or <em>tags</em>.
Tags are identified by a number that is usually a value registered
with the Aldus (now Adobe) Corporation.
Beware however that some vendors write
TIFF images with tags that are unregistered; in this case interpreting
their contents is usually a waste of time.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> reads the contents of a directory all at once
and converts the on-disk information to an appropriate in-memory
form.  While the TIFF specification permits an arbitrary set of
tags to be defined and used in a file, the library only understands
a limited set of tags.
Any unknown tags that are encountered in a file are ignored.
There is a mechanism to extend the set of tags the library handles
without modifying the library itself;
this is described in <a class="reference internal" href="addingtags.html"><span class="doc">Defining New TIFF Tags</span></a>.</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> provides two interfaces for getting and setting tag
values: <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFGetField.html#c.TIFFGetField" title="TIFFGetField"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFGetField()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFSetField.html#c.TIFFSetField" title="TIFFSetField"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFSetField()</span></code></a>.
These routines use a variable argument list-style interface to pass
parameters of different type through a single function interface.
The <em>get interface</em> takes one or more pointers to memory locations
where the tag values are to be returned and also returns one or
zero according to whether the requested tag is defined in the directory.
The <em>set interface</em> takes the tag values either by-reference or
by-value.
The TIFF specification defines
<em>default values</em> for some tags.
To get the value of a tag, or its default value if it is undefined,
the <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFGetField.html#c.TIFFGetFieldDefaulted" title="TIFFGetFieldDefaulted"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFGetFieldDefaulted()</span></code></a> interface may be used.</p>
<p>The manual pages for the tag get and set routines specify the exact data types
and calling conventions required for each tag supported by the library.</p>
</section>
<section id="tiff-compression-schemes">
<h2>TIFF Compression Schemes<a class="headerlink" href="#tiff-compression-schemes" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> includes support for a wide variety of
data compression schemes.
In normal operation a compression scheme is automatically used when
the TIFF <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Compression</span></code> tag is set, either by opening a file
for reading, or by setting the tag when writing.</p>
<p>Compression schemes are implemented by software modules termed <em>codecs</em>
that implement decoder and encoder routines that hook into the
core library i/o support.
Codecs other than those bundled with the library can be registered
for use with the <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFcodec.html#c.TIFFRegisterCODEC" title="TIFFRegisterCODEC"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFRegisterCODEC()</span></code></a> routine.
This interface can also be used to override the core-library
implementation for a compression scheme.</p>
</section>
<section id="byte-order">
<h2>Byte Order<a class="headerlink" href="#byte-order" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The TIFF specification says, and has always said, that
<em>a correct TIFF
reader must handle images in big-endian and little-endian byte order</em>.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> conforms in this respect.
Consequently there is no means to force a specific
byte order for the data written to a TIFF image file (data is
written in the native order of the host CPU unless appending to
an existing file, in which case it is written in the byte order
specified in the file).</p>
</section>
<section id="data-placement">
<h2>Data Placement<a class="headerlink" href="#data-placement" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The TIFF specification requires that all information except an
8-byte header can be placed anywhere in a file.
In particular, it is perfectly legitimate for directory information
to be written after the image data itself.
Consequently TIFF is inherently not suitable for passing through a
stream-oriented mechanism such as UNIX pipes.
Software that require that data be organized in a file in a particular
order (e.g. directory information before image data) does not
correctly support TIFF.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> provides no mechanism for controlling the placement
of data in a file; image data is typically written before directory
information.</p>
</section>
<section id="tiffrgbaimage-support">
<h2>TIFFRGBAImage Support<a class="headerlink" href="#tiffrgbaimage-support" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> provides a high-level interface for reading image
data from a TIFF file.  This interface handles the details of
data organization and format for a wide variety of TIFF files;
at least the large majority of those files that one would normally
encounter.  Image data is, by default, returned as ABGR
pixels packed into 32-bit words (8 bits per sample).  Rectangular
rasters can be read or data can be intercepted at an intermediate
level and packed into memory in a format more suitable to the
application.
The library handles all the details of the format of data stored on
disk and, in most cases, if any colorspace conversions are required:
bilevel to RGB, greyscale to RGB, CMYK to RGB, YCbCr to RGB, 16-bit
samples to 8-bit samples, associated/unassociated alpha, etc.</p>
<p>There are two ways to read image data using this interface.  If
all the data is to be stored in memory and manipulated at once,
then the routine <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadRGBAImage.html#c.TIFFReadRGBAImage" title="TIFFReadRGBAImage"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadRGBAImage()</span></code></a> can be used:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">npixels</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">npixels</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">npixels</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFReadRGBAImage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">w</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">process</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note above that <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFmemory.html#c._TIFFmalloc" title="_TIFFmalloc"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">_TIFFmalloc()</span></code></a> is used to allocate memory for
the raster passed to <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadRGBAImage.html#c.TIFFReadRGBAImage" title="TIFFReadRGBAImage"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadRGBAImage()</span></code></a>; this is important
to insure the “appropriate type of memory” is passed on machines
with segmented architectures.</p>
<p>Alternatively, <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadRGBAImage.html#c.TIFFReadRGBAImage" title="TIFFReadRGBAImage"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadRGBAImage()</span></code></a> can be replaced with a
more low-level interface that permits an application to have more
control over this reading procedure.  The equivalent to the above
is:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFRGBAImage</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emsg</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">];</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFRGBAImageBegin</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emsg</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="kt">size_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">npixels</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">npixels</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">height</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">npixels</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFRGBAImageGet</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">width</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">height</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">                    </span><span class="p">...</span><span class="n">process</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">...</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">raster</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">TIFFRGBAImageEnd</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">img</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">TIFFError</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">emsg</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">exit</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>However this usage does not take advantage of the more fine-grained
control that’s possible.  That is, by using this interface it is
possible to:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>repeatedly fetch (and manipulate) an image without opening
and closing the file</p></li>
<li><p>interpose a method for packing raster pixel data according to
application-specific needs (or write the data at all)</p></li>
<li><p>interpose methods that handle TIFF formats that are not already
handled by the core library</p></li>
</ul>
<p>The first item means that, for example, image viewers that want to
handle multiple files can cache decoding information in order to
speedup the work required to display a TIFF image.</p>
<p>The second item is the main reason for this interface.  By interposing
a “put method” (the routine that is called to pack pixel data in
the raster) it is possible share the core logic that understands how
to deal with TIFF while packing the resultant pixels in a format that
is optimized for the application.  This alternate format might be very
different than the 8-bit per sample ABGR format the library writes by
default.  For example, if the application is going to display the image
on an 8-bit colormap display the put routine might take the data and
convert it on-the-fly to the best colormap indices for display.</p>
<p>The last item permits an application to extend the library
without modifying the core code.
By overriding the code provided an application might add support
for some esoteric flavor of TIFF that it needs, or it might
substitute a packing routine that is able to do optimizations
using application/environment-specific information.</p>
<p>The TIFF image viewer found in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tools/sgigt.c</span></code> is an example
of an application that makes use of the <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFRGBAImage.html#c.TIFFRGBAImage" title="TIFFRGBAImage"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFRGBAImage()</span></code></a>
support.</p>
</section>
<section id="scanline-based-image-i-o">
<h2>Scanline-based Image I/O<a class="headerlink" href="#scanline-based-image-i-o" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The simplest interface provided by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">libtiff</span></code> is a
scanline-oriented interface that can be used to read TIFF
images that have their image data organized in strips
(trying to use this interface to read data written in tiles
will produce errors.)
A scanline is a one pixel high row of image data whose width
is the width of the image.
Data is returned packed if the image data is stored with samples
packed together, or as arrays of separate samples if the data
is stored with samples separated.
The major limitation of the scanline-oriented interface, other
than the need to first identify an existing file as having a
suitable organization, is that random access to individual
scanlines can only be provided when data is not stored in a
compressed format, or when the number of rows in a strip
of image data is set to one (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RowsPerStrip</span></code> is one).</p>
<p>Two routines are provided for scanline-based i/o:
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadScanline.html#c.TIFFReadScanline" title="TIFFReadScanline"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadScanline()</span></code></a>
and
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFWriteScanline.html#c.TIFFWriteScanline" title="TIFFWriteScanline"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFWriteScanline()</span></code></a>.
For example, to read the contents of a file that
is assumed to be organized in strips, the following might be used:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;myfile.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tdata_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFScanlineSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">TIFFReadScanline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFsize.html#c.TIFFScanlineSize" title="TIFFScanlineSize"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFScanlineSize()</span></code></a> returns the number of bytes in
a decoded scanline, as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadScanline.html#c.TIFFReadScanline" title="TIFFReadScanline"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadScanline()</span></code></a>.
Note however that if the file had been create with samples
written in separate planes, then the above code would only
read data that contained the first sample of each pixel;
to handle either case one might use the following instead:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;myfile.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tdata_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_PLANARCONFIG</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFScanlineSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PLANARCONFIG_CONTIG</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">TIFFReadScanline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">planarconfig_separate</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="kt">uint16_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nsamples</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">tiffgetfield</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tifftag_samplesperpixel</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">nsamples</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nsamples</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">                    </span><span class="n">TIFFReadScanline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Beware however that if the following code were used instead to
read data in the case <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PLANARCONFIG_SEPARATE</span></code>,…</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nsamples</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFReadScanline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">row</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>…then problems would arise if <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RowsPerStrip</span></code> was not one
because the order in which scanlines are requested would require
random access to data within strips (something that is not supported
by the library when strips are compressed).</p>
</section>
<section id="strip-oriented-image-i-o">
<h2>Strip-oriented Image I/O<a class="headerlink" href="#strip-oriented-image-i-o" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The strip-oriented interfaces provided by the library provide
access to entire strips of data.  Unlike the scanline-oriented
calls, data can be read or written compressed or uncompressed.
Accessing data at a strip (or tile) level is often desirable
because there are no complications with regard to random access
to data within strips.</p>
<p>A simple example of reading an image by strips is:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;myfile.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tdata_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tstrip_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFStripSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tiffnumberofstrips</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">tiffreadencodedstrip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tsize_t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Notice how a strip size of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> is used; <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadEncodedStrip.html#c.TIFFReadEncodedStrip" title="TIFFReadEncodedStrip"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadEncodedStrip()</span></code></a>
will calculate the appropriate size in this case.</p>
<p>The above code reads strips in the order in which the
data is physically stored in the file.  If multiple samples
are present and data is stored with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PLANARCONFIG_SEPARATE</span></code>
then all the strips of data holding the first sample will be
read, followed by strips for the second sample, etc.</p>
<p>Finally, note that the last strip of data in an image may have fewer
rows in it than specified by the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RowsPerStrip</span></code> tag.  A
reader should not assume that each decoded strip contains a full
set of rows in it.</p>
<p>The following is an example of how to read raw strips of data from
a file:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;myfile.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tdata_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tstrip_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bc</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stripsize</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_STRIPBYTECOUNTS</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">bc</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">stripsize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">stripsize</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tiffnumberofstrips</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stripsize</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFrealloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">stripsize</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">];</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">TIFFReadRawStrip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bc</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">strip</span><span class="p">]);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>As above the strips are read in the order in which they are
physically stored in the file; this may be different from the
logical ordering expected by an application.</p>
</section>
<section id="tile-oriented-image-i-o">
<h2>Tile-oriented Image I/O<a class="headerlink" href="#tile-oriented-image-i-o" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Tiles of data may be read and written in a manner similar to strips.
With this interface, an image is
broken up into a set of rectangular areas that may have dimensions
less than the image width and height.  All the tiles
in an image have the same size, and the tile width and length must each
be a multiple of 16 pixels.  Tiles are ordered left-to-right and
top-to-bottom in an image.  As for scanlines, samples can be packed
contiguously or separately.  When separated, all the tiles for a sample
are colocated in the file.  That is, all the tiles for sample 0 appear
before the tiles for sample 1, etc.</p>
<p>Tiles and strips may also be extended in a z dimension to form
volumes.  Data volumes are organized as “slices”.  That is, all the
data for a slice is colocated.  Volumes whose data is organized in
tiles can also have a tile depth so that data can be organized in
cubes.</p>
<p>There are actually two interfaces for tiles.
One interface is similar to scanlines,  to read a tiled image,
code of the following sort might be used:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;myfile.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imageWidth</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imageLength</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tileWidth</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tileLength</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="kt">uint32_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tdata_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_IMAGEWIDTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">imageWidth</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_IMAGELENGTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">imageLength</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_TILEWIDTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tileWidth</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFGetField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFTAG_TILELENGTH</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tileLength</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFTileSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagelength</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tilelength</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">imagewidth</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tilewidth</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">                </span><span class="n">tiffreadtile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>(once again, we assume samples are packed contiguously.)</p>
<p>Alternatively a direct interface to the low-level data is provided
à la strips.  Tiles can be read with
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadEncodedTile.html#c.TIFFReadEncodedTile" title="TIFFReadEncodedTile"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadEncodedTile()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFReadRawTile.html#c.TIFFReadRawTile" title="TIFFReadRawTile"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFReadRawTile()</span></code></a>,
and written with <a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFWriteEncodedTile.html#c.TIFFWriteEncodedTile" title="TIFFWriteEncodedTile"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFWriteEncodedTile()</span></code></a> or
<a class="reference internal" href="functions/TIFFWriteRawTile.html#c.TIFFWriteRawTile" title="TIFFWriteRawTile"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TIFFWriteRawTile()</span></code></a>. For example, to read all the tiles in an image:</p>
<div class="highlight-c notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="cp">#include</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="cpf">&quot;tiffio.h&quot;</span>
<span class="n">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="n">TIFF</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TIFFOpen</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;myfile.tif&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;r&quot;</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">tdata_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">ttile_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tile</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">_TIFFmalloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TIFFTileSize</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="k">for</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tile</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tiffnumberoftiles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tile</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w">            </span><span class="n">tiffreadencodedtile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tile</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tsize_t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">_TIFFfree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">buf</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">        </span><span class="n">TIFFClose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tif</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="w">    </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="other-stuff">
<h2>Other Stuff<a class="headerlink" href="#other-stuff" title="Permalink to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Some other stuff will almost certainly go here…</p>
</section>
</section>


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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using The TIFF Library</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-to-tell-which-version-you-have">How to tell which version you have</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#library-datatypes">Library Datatypes</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tile-oriented-image-i-o">Tile-oriented Image I/O</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#other-stuff">Other Stuff</a></li>
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Anon7 - 2021